2022年高考英语非谓语动词知识点.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种：1.动词不定式： to do 表示目的和将来2、动词的 ing动名词 : doing 表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词：done 表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式一般式完成式进行式主动to do to have done to be doing ing 形式被动to be done to have been done 主动 doing having done 过去分词被动 being done having been done 被动 done 三、非谓语动词的做题

2、步骤：1、判定是否用非谓语形式；方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了；2、找非谓语动词的规律主语；方法：非谓语动词的规律主语一般是句子的主语；3、判定主被动关系；方法：非谓语动词与其规律主语的主动仍是被动关系；4、判定时间关系；方法：分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后仍是同时；之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同经常用 doing；一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语：1）. 不定式表示一次性的、详细的动词；动词 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作；如：_ is a good form of exercise for bo

3、th young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2）. 不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + for / of sb. to do sth. It s important for us to learn English well. It s kind of you to help us.留意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It s no good / use doing sth. There is no point （in）doing sth 2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比

4、较：1）、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容；如：My job is teaching / to teach English. teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的内容 Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主,表语要用同一种形式）2）、分词作表语：记住：一些表示情感、心情的动词,常用分词形式作表语；现在分词表示主语的性质特点,用过去分词表示主语的状态；常用动词：surprise 使某人惊讶 , surprising 令人惊讶 ,surprised 主语 感到惊讶）类似动词有：exc

5、ite 兴奋 , astonish 诧异 ,shock 震动 ,scare 惊恐 ,disappoint 扫兴 ,move（感动）如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news. 3）、在 seem / appear 似乎,似乎 , prove/ turn out 被证明是 , remain 仍旧是,尚待 等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语；如：He seemed to be very happy. 二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词：口诀：帮一帮 ；决心学会想期望,拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选方案,同意恳求名师归纳总结 de

6、cieddetermine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; 第 1 页,共 5 页offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、只能接动名词的动词：口诀：考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想；防止错过连续练,否认完成就观赏；禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡；consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon;

7、admit,delay, put off, fancy想象,设想 ; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/peremit, escape 3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做remember doing 记得做过 ; forget to do 遗忘去做forget doing 遗忘做过regret to do 遗憾去做regret doing 懊悔做过try to

8、 do 设法去做try doing 试着做 , go on to do 做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing 连续做同一件事mean to do 准备做mean doing 意味着做stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做cant help to do 不能帮忙做can t help doing 忍不住做如： In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 4.表示未实现的愿望的动词 ,即表示

9、本准备,想做,但事实上没做；这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示；注： Would like / love 只用 would like to have done 如： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. hav

10、ing gone 5、要接动名词的几个句型：prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing 阻 止 做 how about / what about doing spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在 花费或铺张时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做有困难 have a hard / good time in doing 做很艰巨或做 很开心6、含介词 to 的短语 :look forward to 希望,devote to 致力于、

11、献身于,be / get used to 习惯于 lead to 导致,get down to 着手做,pay attention to 留意 refer to 谈到、所指、参考,equal to 等于、能胜任,belong to 属于如: Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some school for poor children. A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D. having set up 7.动词不定式 but,other than 后面时,假如介词前有行为动词 do 的某种

12、形式,那么介词后的不定式不带 to；否就带 to（即前有 do 后无 to）如：have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的挑选,只好做Eg,Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 另外 ,cant choose/help but 只好 ; cant but只好 ; had better; would rather 后面的不定式也省 to Eg, He cant choose but stay

13、on. 他没方法只好待下去8permit / allow 答应 , forbid 禁止 , advise 建议 ,有两种用法：一是后接 动名词 ,二是后接“ sb. + to do sth”9、need, want, require “ 需要 ” ,主语是物时 ,need, want, require+ doing（用动词 ing 主动形式表被动）/ to be done / sb to be donebe worth 值得 +名词/doingbe worthy+ to be done/of being doneeg. The window needs/wants/requires to be

14、 cleaned/cleaning. 窗户需要擦一下； The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy + to be visited/of being visited. 三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1、不定式作宾语补足语,如：ask sb to do sth sb 作宾语, to do sth 作宾补, 宾语宾补复合宾语 类似动词有： tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid （禁止） ,

15、warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on 号召 ,depend on 希望 ,would like / love 想要 ,prefer, wish, expect, 名师归纳总结 hope（不带复合宾语注： help sb to do sth. 第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2、（1）使役动词后接不带学习必备欢迎下载但使役动词的被动语态常用：be to 的不定式： let / make / have sb do sth. made to do sth.注： get sb to do sth. 译成“ 让

16、某人做 （主动句中 to 不省略）Eg,Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry （2）have 句型：have sb do sth 使/让/叫某人干某事 have sb/ sth doing 使某人某物连续的做某事 , have sth done 表示两种意义： A.请别人做, 而不是主语做；B.意外事故引起的 ,“ 使遭受 .”如： He

17、didn t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 如： Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆在踢足球时,伤了腿；（3）get 句型：get sb to do sth 使/让 /叫某人干某事get sb/ sth doing 使某人 /物开头动起来get sth done 使某事被做如:He tried to get the car moving.

18、 他尽力让车发动起来（4）make oneself understood / heard / known 用过去分词作宾补3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式：感官动词： feel, see, hear, watch, notice 用法：感官动词sb + do / doing / done/being done 分别表示全过程/正在发生 /被动完成 /正在发生且表示被动 ； 如：1 They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow B.

19、 to be playing C. play D. to play 2 The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing 3）I heard an English song _by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. A.being sung B.singing C.sing D.to sing 4、with 的复合结构： with + 宾 +宾补（形容词、副词（in, out ）,介词短语,非谓语形式） ,非谓语形式有：to do 表示将来,doing 表示主

20、动和进行,done 表示被动和完成；如： The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 5、find + 宾语 + 宾补（ doing / done） , keep +宾+doing, smell sb +doing 察觉到某人在做 catch sb + doing 撞见某人在做 ,如： He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of

21、a passager. A. put B. to be putting C . to put D. putting She found a wallet lying on the ground. 她发觉一只钱包在地上；Both doors were found locked. 6.句型：It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that . 可转化为：sb / sth be said / reported/known/believed to have done sth. 如： Robert is said _ abroad, but I

22、 don t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying 7.不定式,分词作宾补的小窍门：以下动词后在主动语态中用不带 to 的不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中要加上 to；他们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 5 看（ look at,see,watch,notice,observe）;3 使make,let,have; 2 听（ listen to,hear）1 感觉 feel以上动词仍可以用现在分词作补语（5+3+2+1-2+4 ）：即以上动词除 make,let 外都可以用现在分

23、词作补语；此外 find,catch,keep,leave（+4）也可以用现在分词作补语；如：Leave sb doing 让某人始终做某事（宾语与宾补之间存在规律上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行）It s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器始终开着是不对的；四、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较：* 考点一 ：作定语的不定式假如是不及物动词,或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后有相应的介词；例如：名师归纳总结 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in ；第 3

24、页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - There is nothing to worry 学习必备欢迎下载time ,place 或 way 时,about . 但是,不定式所修饰的名词假如是不定式后面的介词习惯上省去；He had no money and no place to live in. We find a way to solve this problem in. * 考点二 ：区分下面两句话：Have you anything to send.不定式动作的执行者是“ 你” “ 你有什么东西要寄吗？”Have you anyth

25、ing to be send.（不定式的动作是“ 我或别人” ）“ 你有什么要我或者别人寄得东西吗？”* 考点三 ：修饰序数词、最高级或no,all,any等词多有动词不定式；例如：He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal * 考点四 ：三个非谓语动词作定语的区分：（与中心词之间的关系）动作表将来,主动时用 to do doing 例如：the building to be built next year 动作表将来,被动时用 to be done 动作正在进行,主动或不及物

26、动词时用动作正在进行,被动时用 being done the building being built now 动作已完成,表被动时用 done ；不及物动词 只表动作完成 the building built last year 例： The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written . The Olympic Games, _

27、 in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较 1、不定式作目的、缘由、结果状语1）目的： eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 句首 ,可互换常见于： to do, in order to do, so as to do 不用于2）缘由：不定式常放在表示心情反应的形容词后；如：hap

28、py, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首；如： I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. 3）结果： 常用 only to do 来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情形,其动作发生在谓语动作之后；另外,固定结构：too to do, enough to do, so / suchas to do 中,不定式也作结果状语；4）.在形容词后作状语,只用不定式 如：The book is easy to read. =It is easy to read the book. 2、现在分词、过去

29、分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、缘由、结果.相伴状语,就 不作目的状语 ；分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句 注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词,有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once （一旦）though, although）分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：* doing：用来表示主动,且前后动作同时进行；* having done:表示主动 ,且动作发生在主句之前 * being done:表示被动 ,且前后动作同时进行* done:表示被动且完成Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it agai

30、n. Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened. Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt. * having been done: 用来表示被动,且动作发生在主句之前 Having been defeated three times, he had to give up. 如: Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes. The teaher came into he room,follow

31、ed by many students. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 3. 独立成分作状语：有些分词或者不定式短语做状语,其形式上不受上下文的影响,不需要规律主语,无须依着动词形名师归纳总结 式;称作 独立成分；常见的不需要规律主语的动词-ing/-ed 形式结构 :第 4 页,共 5 页Considering that / Seeing that考 虑 到 supposing that / Proving/provided that/

32、given that 假如 generally speaking 一般说来frankly speaking 坦白说Judging from 从 判定talking of 说到 Concerning 关于 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载to tell you the truth, 实话实说 compared to/with 与 . 相比例： . Frankly speaking , I dont agree with what he said. 坦白地说,我不同意他说的话；. Supposing he is ill, who wil

33、l do the work. 假如他病了,谁来做这工作呢？. Judging from his accent,he is from the south. 从他腔调来看,他来自南方；4. 独立主格结构：1）概念： 非谓语动词作状语时,他的规律主语应当和主句主语保持一样；但有时非谓语动词带有自己的规律主语,在句中做状语, 我们称之为 独立主格结构 ；独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成规律上的主谓关系；特殊留意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不使用任何连接词；2）独立主格结构的 特点 ： 独立主格结构的规律主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在；名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是

34、主谓关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开；位置相当敏捷,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,由逗号与主句分开；3）独立主格结构 基本构成形式：介词短语名词代词 +现在分词；过去分词； 名词；形容词；副词；不定式；. 名词 代词 +现在分词 ： 例如：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. . 名词 代词 +过去分词：例如：天气答应,我们明天去看你The test finished （= When the test was finished ）, we began our holiday. . 名词 代词 +不定式 ：在“ 名词

35、 /代词 +动词不定式” 结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词假如存在着规律上的主谓关系,动词不定式就用主动的形式；假如是动宾关系,就用被动形式；例如： Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上很多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美； . 名词 代词 +形容词 ：例如：Computers very small, we can use them wide电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们； . 名词 代词 +副词 ： 例如：T

36、he meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室； . 名词 代词 +名词： 例如：His first shot failure ,he fired again . 名词 代词 +介词短语 ：例如：He came into the room, his ears red with cold. . There being +名词（代词）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. . It being +名词（代词）如：他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪；

37、他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通的；没有别的事可做,我们就回家了；It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息；4）with ,without 引导的独立主格结构：with without+ 宾语（名词 / 代词） +宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词肯定要用宾格；上文的独立主格结构的几种情形都适用于此结构；例如： The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. （without + 名词 / 代词 +动词的 -ing

38、形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. （without+ 名词 /代词 +动词的 -ed 形式）典型例题：The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back ；A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 5）5）区分 ：独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句；但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的规律主语,与主句的主语不一样；而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一样；例如：If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为： Time permitting, wed better have a holiday at weekends. When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 转换： Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页