2022年高考英语专题短文改错.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022学习好资料欢迎下载年高考英语专题17- 短文改错专题十七 短文改错一短文改错的主要特点1内容大都是同学身边或社会生活中常见的话题；以记叙文为主,有时也有说明文或应用文；2内容相对独立、完整；命题的总原就是整篇懂得、分行解题；3语言简洁易懂,没有生僻的词汇或繁难的句法结构；短文的词数为 120 左右；4考查要点掩盖面广 , 分布合理；涉及词法、句法、行文规律等三个方面；二短文改错的常见类型纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错 , 不难看出 ,其错误形式基本上为：错词占 6 行左右 ; 正确占 1 行 ; 多词和缺词一般占 3 行左右；错误类型主要

2、涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一样、固定结构等语法学问；其中一、短文改错的解题基本思路1通读全文,把握大意, 动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点；第一,要仔细阅读短文,把握全篇主旨,弄清上下文的规律关系,明白文章所创设的语言环境,为正确判 断制造条件；2整句懂得,逐行找错；在读懂文章之后,要逐句逐行地找错；分析每个句子中句法、语法、行文规律等方面是否有错,要做到逐 行分析,不行遗漏,句与句之间要留意连词的用法；3由易到难,各个击破 改错要从最简洁、最熟识的项目入手,先从语法的角度入手,再从规律方面考虑,最终推敲难题；4检查核对,规范改正最终浏览改后的全文,看全篇

3、是否语义通顺,留意正确行；要特殊留意规范改正错误, 严格依据示范规定符号和要求去改；切忌文字说明或用箭头表示；二短文改错的设题方式 一错词：错词的情形归纳起来大致可分为虚词挑选错误、实词词形错误、同 1虚词错误近 义词、形似词挑选错误等；介词错误；介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连 词的混用等；1.After five years away in my hometown has changed a lot.09 全国卷 I ,I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in 析： “ 从 离开

4、,远离 ” 应为短语 away from,不能与 in 搭配；应将 in 改为 from ；连词错误主要表现 : 句与句之间的关系混淆,是并列、转折、承接、仍是表缘由；连词与介词、副词的混用,一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区分等；1.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon back09 全国卷 II ,and I was held up on my way 析：分析前后两个句子可知,前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系,不是并列关系, 应将 and 改为 but ；冠词错误：冠词的考查集中在：应当使用定

5、冠词的地方使用了不定冠词；应当使用不定冠词的地方却使名师归纳总结 用了定冠词；不定冠词a 与 an 的误用等；第 1 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载（2022.四川卷）1.Three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. 析：初次提到的人或物前应当用不定冠词,因此要将第一个 the 改为 an ；2实词错误名词错误主要集中在：名词的单复数形式,特殊留意不规章名词的复数形式；可数名词和不行数名词的混用；抽象名词详细化；名词的全部格

6、等；1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. （09 全国卷 II ）析： one and a half 后接可数名词的复数形式,不能用单数；要将hour 改为 hours ；动词错误主要有：不规章动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误；时态的不一样性；语态的错用；非谓语动词用法的挑选,特殊是非谓语动词作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词仍是现在分词；在 to 后是用不定式仍是动名词；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式；谓语动词时态形式的错用；情态动词和willwould

7、, shall should 等助动词后面的动词形式的误用等；1.There exist now a park that has a small river running through. （ 09 全国卷 I ）析：句子中的 there exist 相当于 there be 形式,exist 的形式跟后面的名词 a park 保持一样, 因此 exist要用单三形式 exists ；形容词与副词错误主要表现在：这两类词的混用；形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级的混用等；1.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the s

8、treet from our middle school are gone. （09 全国卷 I ）older改为原形 old ；析：分析句子,句子中没有比较对象,不能用比较级,要将引导词错误：在复合句中引导从句的连接词的错误运用,特殊是在定语从句中关系词的错误运用,宾语从句中连接词的误用等；1.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. （09 辽宁卷）which不能用 that ,应将 that改为 which ；析：非限制性定语从

9、句的先行词指物时只能用代词错误；代词考查主要集中在句子中代词的一样性、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词的混用等；1.When I was in high school, most of my friends had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. （2022. 辽宁卷）析：依据句义后面句子中的it 与前面句子中的bicycles是一类物,表示泛指；因此要将it 改为 one ；思维定势干扰错误；由于受汉语思维定势影响,造成一些英语词语的搭配错误；1.Iglad to say that anything has worked out fine in t

10、he dorm. （09 海南、宁夏卷）析： anything 意思是 “ 任何事或任何物 ” ,而 everything 表示 “ 全部的东西或物 ” ,很明显句子强调在宿舍的全部事情,应将 anything 改为 everything；行文规律错误；高考短文改错中,涉及短文主旨大意及规律关系的错误这类试题的隐藏性较强,单独看并没有错,但如放在整篇中就与全篇的意思不符；I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right. 析：直接分析该句,没有任何错误,但结合上下文可看出句子是在转述

11、过去发生的事情,不能用 here ,因此应将 here 改为 there ；二、漏词漏词考查主要集中在：名词前漏冠词；不及物动词后漏掉相应的介词；不定式前少了不该省的 to ；分句与分句之间往往漏掉相应的连词；句子中助动词、情态动词的遗漏；复合句中关系词、连接词的遗漏；以及句子中替代词的遗漏等；名师归纳总结 1.One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin. 08a；天津卷 第 2 页,共 6 页析：初次提到的可数名词单数前面要加不定冠词,因此要在party前加不定冠词- - - - - -

12、-精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载2.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything（09 浙江卷）析：在 it is/was possible to do sth结构中,动词不定式符合不能省略,因此要在give 前加 to ；三、多词多词考查主要集中在介词、副词、连接词、冠词、不定式符号 to 、代词、助动词等；这些词大都为虚词,在句子中的作用显得不大,但极易引起误用,是同学语言运用中最常犯的错误；1.The market at the corner o

13、f Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.09 全国卷 I 析：句子的意思为“市场把位置让给了一个超市”；这里并不表示被动意义,要将 been 去掉；2. Im sorry that I wasn able to return to your bike on time yesterday.（09 全国卷 II ）析： return to 的意思为返回到某地,而在句子中的意思为归仍某物,不能加 to ,要将 to 去掉；（一）A few days ago, Miss Wang was going

14、 home by bike. While he was 76. riding in the street, she saw the man with a knife in his hand and his 77. face covering with a piece of cloth running towards her. The man 78. took her handbag out of the basket of her bike and ran away before 79. she could do anything. There was no one she could tur

15、n for help at 80. that time, for it was very late at night. Lucky, she had her mobile 81. phone at hand. Immediately when she took it out and phoned the 82. police. She told them what the man was like and in which directions 83. he had run. The police came very quickly and catch the robber. Miss 84.

16、 Wang got her handbag back and felt very grateful for the police had 85. done for her. （二）名师归纳总结 Ill never forget the trip to Europe last year. After I 第 3 页,共 6 页left village in the south 76. France, I drove on to the a small of next the way a young 77. who was very tall stopped me town. In man and

17、 for the 78. soon as he got into the car, I asked me lift. As - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - said 学习好资料79. 欢迎下载Good morning to him in French and he answered with the same 80. I do not know any language. Except for a few words, French 81. the journey. I had at all. None of us spoke during near

18、ly 82. man suddenly said very reached the town, while the young slowly. 83. looked at him in Do. you., speak. English. I surprising. 84. Just then I understood Here was no people speak English. that 85. he, too, was an Englishman. （三）To everyone in the world, money was a sensitive topic. 76. Not one

19、 can live without money in modern society. People 77. has different opinions on it. Some people think one should 78. live to make money, when others make money to live. 79. In my opinion, the latter should reasonable. 80. We should not be the slave of money. Although money 81. means a lot in our lif

20、e, but it doesnot mean everything. 82. We cant exchange it for friendship or love. Money indeed can 83. made a person enjoy his life for a while but not all his life. 84. On a word, money is something but not everything. 85. （四）名师归纳总结 Coffee houses can be seen idea anywhere in 第 4 页,共 6 页America. fr

21、om European brought 76. with them. People the Soon became the 77. drink. Today people in coffee leading United drink more 78. than people in any States coffee country. 79. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - People who 学习好资料at 欢迎下载at lunch, drink coffee breakfast, and meals. They 80. and at betwee

22、n drink them at work home. is drunk 81. the world. Coffee by people around Some like coffee 82. and very people what is very black strong. people like 83. sugar, or, Another coffee with cream or cream sugar with it. 84. a world-wide and Now coffee has become drink. 85. （五）Smoking which is a widespre

23、ad habit even among school children. 76. The number of young smokers are increasing. It is reported that 77. over two-fifth of the students in a certain school smoke, and 78. some of whom even steal money to buy cigarettes. This is terrible. 79. As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. So i

24、ts 80. even harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not 81. only to their health but also for their mind. Middle school students 82. are future builders of the country. They should spend their time 83. learning useful knowledges. So its really time that these young 84. smokers made

25、up their minds give up smoking. 85. 答案：（一）76 he she 77. 其次个 the a 78. covering covered 79. 80. turnto 81. Lucky luckily 82. 去掉 when 83. directions direction 84. catch caught 85. for what 二 76 left had 77. 78. In On 79. 第一个 the a 80. with in 81. do did 82. None Neither 83. while when 84. surprising s

26、urprise 85. speak speaking 三 名师归纳总结 76 was is 77.Not No 78. has have 79. when while 第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 80. should be 学习好资料去掉 but 欢迎下载81.slave slaves 82. 83. 84. made make 85.On In 四 76 anywhere everywhere 77.European Europe 78. in the 79. any other 80. 去掉 who 81.them it 82. 83.what that/which 84. Another Other 85.with in 五 名师归纳总结 76 去掉 which 77.are is 78. two- fifth two-fifths 82.for to 第 6 页,共 6 页79. whom them 80.So But 81. harmful more 83. 84.knowledges knowledge 85. minds to- - - - - - -