2022年高考英语语法专题讲解——情景交际.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语语法专题讲解（情形交际）（一）高考英语情形交际考点：交际最基本的要求是：委婉、有礼、得体、连贯、符合文化习惯；一、问候： 介绍、辞别 中西对比 在日常交谈中,英国人彼此见面常常喜爱以“Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. ” 打招呼；并且喜爱以谈论天气 Nice day, isnt it. 作为交谈的开头；美国人见面常常问身体等；而中国人却常问“ 吃过饭了吗 .”基本用语 a. 见面问候： Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. b. 代向某人问候

2、： Best wishes/regards to.=give ones regards to sb = give ones best wishes to sb = give ones best love to sb = give ones best regards to sb. c. 替某人向 问好: say“ Hi ” /“ Hello ”to sb from sb = give ones regards to sb. Please remember me to. 回答用语 : -I will. Thanks. d. How do you do. 初次见面通常用语 -How do you d

3、o. How are you. 比较熟识的人之间用语 -Fine, thank you, and you./Very well, thank you. How are you getting along with. 你近来 .可好 . -Every is fine. How are you doing. 您工作仍顺当吧 . - Im just great. How is everything. 一切仍好吧 . -Veryquitewell ,thank you. How is your vacation/holidays/Christmas Day/weekend. 假期怎么样 . - Not

4、 bad. Whats up. 近来可忙 . -Couldnt be better, thank you. Whats going on. 近来可好 . - Just so so. （一般 ; 仍可以）留意要点 1. “ Hello ”既可用于问候,有时也用于引起对方留意,打电话或叫人,多在熟人之间使用,而“Hi ” 的用法比“Hello ” 更任凭,口语中多见；2. Hello ！和 Hi ！是相互熟识的人之间的招呼语,比较任凭,一天中任何时候都可以用；有时,后面仍可加上对方的名字,以示亲热； Good evening. 一般用于晚上 通常是九点以前 . 需要留意的是,不行用 Good da

5、y 来打招呼； Good morning ！省略 good 时,也可用来打招呼,但一般用于比较熟识的人之间；3. “ How are you.”就用于询问对方身体情形答语可依据实际情形,如：“ Fine/ Very well ,thank you.”留意 : very good 不能用来表示身体健康 . 假如身体的确不太舒适并想让对方知道,不妨说 Not too well, Im afraid. 4. 对于不熟识的人,想要他 /她停下的说法：Hey, Sir/ Madam. Just a moment, Sir/ Madam. 5. 与英美人见面寒暄时,不应问及他 介绍她的年龄、婚否、收入等个

6、人隐私情形；基本用语a. This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/Comrade. May I introduce you to. I d like you to meet. b. How do you do. Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you. Nice meeting youc. My name is. I m astudent/teacher, etc. May I know your name. Margaret, can you introduce me to her. Let me introduce you to others. Meet

7、my sister Cathy. Bill, this is Tom. Hi, Im Susan, this is my calling card. 留意要点“ Nice to meet you. ” 与 “ Nice to see you. ”有一点区分；前者的意思是初次见面（熟识你很兴奋）被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语；后者与前者在意思上相同,但是用于熟名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 人之间（一段时间未见面后再次相遇）两者回答用语与问候语相同；Nice to meet you. 主要表示初次见面时的问候,语；而 N

8、ice meeting you. 就是初次见面分手时的用难点：“Nice to meet you. 为初次见面时的礼貌用语; ” Nice meeting you. 为初次见面后的辞别语； 辞别中西对比 客人要走 , 中国人会极力留客 ; 留不住也会送客很远很远 ; 嘴里说 : “ 慢走 .” ,客人要走 , 英美人决不留客 , 通常一句“Good-bye. ” 出门一概不理 . 对于客人到访 , 常常要表示感谢 : Thank you for coming. 基本用语1. 直接的辞别话语有：Good bye. Bye bye. Bye. See you tomorrow. See you l

9、ater. So long. Farewell. Good night. 2. 委婉的辞别辞有：Id like to say goodbye to everyone. Im calling to say goodbye. I m afraid I must be leaving/off now. I think its time for us to leave now. 3. 其他带有希望以及嘱咐等的辞别辞有：Ill look forward to seeing you soon. Lets hope well meet again. Hope to see you again. Drop i

10、n anytime you like.留意要点 a. Good night./Night. 只限于晚上辞别或上床睡觉时使用；b. Have a nice day！限于白天辞别时用 如早餐后家人相互道别 ；c. 辞别前通常要说一两句客套话,如：Im afraid I must be off going now. 长期辞别时,仍可同时表达期望今后多联系 Keep/Get in touch ,要对方保重身体 Take care,问候对方家人 Please send my best wishes/regards to your family. 等；d. 难点：“ See you. ” 道别时用语 .同

11、 Good-bye.但有别于 You see,“ 你知道”.如:You see , everything has two sides. 而 Take care 也是道别是用语 ,但表示“ 多保重”二、邀请（约会）中西对比 西方人在发出“ 邀请” 前常有一个引子,特殊在客气的场合,如可先这样问一下对方是否有空：Are you free this evening. 而 Would you like to. 和 Id like to invite you to.的句式较为客气,带有商议、询问的口气,多用于不知对方能否接受邀请的场合；a. 接受他人邀请时通常仍要表示一下感谢；常用 : Yes, Id

12、love to. Yes, its very kind/nice of you; Yes, with pleasure.b. 假如是稍有保留地接受,可这样说：I will if I can. Its very kind of you to invite me, but Im not sure if I can come. c. 拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No, 而要婉言谢绝 （通常会说明理由） ,并要声明自己是愿意接受“ 邀请” 的,但因某种缘由不能接受,并表示歉意或感谢；常用：I d like to, but Im too busy. / m sorry I cant, butt have

13、time to go. I really enjoy it, but Ive got to go now. m afraid I donI wish I could accept your invitation, but IThank you for your kindness, but I appointment at that time. 基本用语a. Will/ Would/ Can/ Could you come to. Would you like to Id like to invite you to.& 名师归纳总结 b. Yes, Id love/ be glad/ happy

14、 to. Yes, Id like to. / Ill be glad to. Of course. Ill be glad 第 2 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - to. Oh yes, thank you. Yes, its very kind/nice of you. OK. Thank you very much. Yes, great. Sure, why not. Sure. Thats a good idea. Yes, with pleasure. c. Id love to, but. Im sorry, but I

15、 cant. 约会 : 基本用语 a. Are you/Will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow. How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening. Shall we meet at 4:30 at. b. Yes, thats all right. Yes, Ill be free then. c. No, I wont be free then. But Ill be free. d. All right. See you then.交际例句 1.- Are you free next Wednesday e

16、vening. I want to go to the cinema with you.- Yes, Id like to. 2.- When shall we meet, today or tomorrow. 3.- Are you free later today. 4.- Are you free this afternoon. - I dont mind. Either time is OK. - Sorry, Im free every day except today. - Oh no. Will this evening be all right. 5.- Would you l

17、ike to join us. 喜爱和我们一起吗 . Shall we dance.我们可以跳个舞吗 . 三、感谢和应答 : 中西对比 1. 在英语文化中人们常常通过颂扬来勉励某些合乎自己心愿的行为,像 You did a good job. Well done, everyone. You look nice. Thats a beautiful shirt youre wearing. You are very clever. 而对他人的颂扬,最一般、常用的答语是“Thank you. ” 而在中国的文化中,人们面对夸奖,常说“ 您过奖了”、 “ 哪里,哪里； ” （“ Where, wh

18、ere.” ）以表示谦逊；2. 英国人收到礼物时,通常都会当着送礼人的面打开礼物,同时会说一些喜爱或颂扬的话以表示谢意,送礼人此经常常附和说: “ Im glad you like it. ”而中国人往往说一些谦让的话“ 您太客气了； ” “ 您这样做太破费了； ” 等；如用此表达方式对待英国人,对方确定会觉得你不喜爱或对他的礼物不屑一顾；3. 在西方 , 别人给你做事、帮忙,别人向你问候或庆贺,别人给你勉励或颂扬时 , 不能直接说 No,而应当说 Thank you ；4. 当别人问你要不要喝茶或吃点什么东西时,你如要喝或吃应说 Yes, please,如你不想吃或喝应说 No,thank

19、you或 No,thanks5. 没得到或不需要对方的帮忙可以说:Thank you all/just the same. Thank you anyway ；基本用语 a. Thank you very much./ Thanks a lot./ Many thanks. /Thanks for. Its very kind of you to . b. Not at all. / Thats all right. / Youre welcome. /Thats OK / Its a pleasure/ Its My pleasure ；Dont mention it. Im glad yo

20、u like it. Its really nothing at all. 感谢： Thank you. Thanks. It s very kind /nice of you. 回答： Not at all. It s/Thats all right . Youre welcome. It s a pleasure . My pleasure .Thats OK. Dont mention it.难点：“ My pleasure. 同” It s a pleasure. 是感谢应答语译作 “ 不用谢 ;而” With pleasure. 是恳求应答语译作“ 愿意效劳 ,特别情愿 希望、庆贺和

21、应答 : 中西对比 A. 对于他人的希望、庆贺,英美人表示感谢 Thanks；B. 和大家同庆同欢快 , 回答用 : The same to you / You, too. C. Im glad to hear that. 用于向对方主动告知的喜事表示庆贺或“ 附和”. D. 西方人喜爱收到礼物时当场打开并大加称赞说：present. / How nice a gift ！并表示感谢 . Wonderful ！/ Beautiful ！/ What a nice 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - E. 答应去玩乐说

22、 : Have a nice/good/pleasant/ wonderful time. / Have fun. 玩得高兴点 . 纵情去玩吧 . F. 为人送行用 : Have a good trip. / Have a pleasant journey. / Good luck with your trip. Good trip to you. Nice journey to you. 祝旅途开心！祝一路顺风！基本用语 1. Best wishes to you. I wish you good health. Good luck and success to you. Wish you

23、success. May you success/ succeed. 2. Merry Christmas. Happy birthday to you. / Happy New Year. 3. Congratulations on . Well done. Good luck with / Good luck to you.4. Enjoy your vacation. Enjoy your stay in China. 留意要点 希望 :Good luck. Enjoy yourself. Have fun. Congratulations. 应答 :Thank you. The sam

24、e to you . You, too. 难点 : Well done.干得好,真棒！用以颂扬对方做得好；Congratulations ！庆贺对方已取得成功；“ Good luck ！希望对方交好运, 反语为： Bad luck. 或 Just my luck. ” Have fun. 希望对方玩得高兴,同 Enjoy yourself. 四、赔礼、遗憾和应答批评和埋怨 ; 提示 中西对比 中国人喜爱反复强调自己的谦意,并喜爱用“ 特别愧疚”、“ 深表歉意”等表示程度倾向的语句, 而英美人士就不同,对于因客观缘由而造成的过失或差错,不必主动工过分向对方表示歉意；如肯定要向对方赔礼,说声 so

25、rry 即可,一般不用 very , terribly , truly 等表示程度的词； 由于在美国, 过分的赔礼或自责反而显得不太恳切,令人感到虚假或另有专心；对于不能去做或已经发生的不幸的事情 , 西方人表示遗憾说 : What a pity/ shame. 表示怜悯说: Im sorry to hear that. Bad luck. 基本用语 1. ImSorry./ Im sorry for/about / Im sorry to do sth. / Im sorry to have done sth2. Excuse/ Pardon me for 3. Please forgive

26、 me for. 请原谅 4. sb. be afraid that 5. What a pity/shame. / Its a pity that A. It is not important. Thats OK. Thats all right. Its quite all right. Never mind. It doesnt matter at all. Not at all. Its nothing. /Thats nothing. 没关系 Please dont worry. Its nothing to worry about. Not to worry. Dont menti

27、on it. It doesnt really matter. Please think nothing of it. Lets forget it. / No harm done. B. Thats not your fault. Its not your fault. It was me to blame. 这是我的错 It was all my fault to have done. 这都是我的错 Thats okay. Dont let it bother you. 没事,别想的太多了 We really didnt mean that at all. 我们真的没有那样的意思 留意要点

28、 Excuse me 通常用于以下情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要临时离开时；就某事表示不同看法时；自己的言行将会影响他人时；（即：说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人留意）；留意 : 打搅别人,意为“ 劳驾”；恳求别人让路；向别人问路,打听消息,意为“ 对不起,请问 ”； 回答时说 :“ Yes.” ；Sorry 用于说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；也可表名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 示因不能满意他人要求或恳求而表示歉意；“ I beg your par

29、don. ” 用来表示听话人未能听清晰他人所说的话,而期望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法, “ 没听清话语 , 而要麻烦再说一遍 .” ；Im sorry to hear it/ that. 就是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸 , 进行劝慰；赔礼： What a pity/ shame . Im sorry. 应答： Its /Thats all right .It doesn tmatter. Never mind . Forget it . Thats OK. 难点：“Forget it. 共有三种意义 : 别想,不行能；You expect Tom to come earlier .

30、Forget it, he always comes late. 没关系,别在意；Im terribly sorry for having broken your mirror.Forget it . 别提它了,表不原重复所说之话；What were you saying just now. I didnt hear. Oh, nothing ,forget it. Get it . 明白了 Make it. 干成 ,做成 . Take it.拿去吧； 批评和埋怨中西差异 西方人说话比较直率；对于别人的打搅,自己受到的不公正待遇会以“ 提示” 、“ 明确表示” 等方式说出来,但是不会不留面子；

31、一般对批评与埋怨,人们通常的反应是表示愧疚 Im sorry 与情愿接受；基本用语 A. 英语中批评与埋怨的话通常有：What on earth is the matter here. 到底发生了什么事 . Im afraid I have a complaint to make about the service. 我对你们的服务有看法； You ought to be ashamed of what youve done on me. 你应为你对我所做的事感到惭愧； Why on earth did you say such a silly thing to me. 你对我说这种蠢话到底是

32、什么意思 . You ought to be careful enough next time. 你下次再不能这样马虎了； Its no nice of you to behave like that. 你那样做太不像话； I am ashamed of you. 我为你感到耻辱；You cant do that to me. 你不能这样对我；Why cant you do something about it. How dare you do that. 你怎幺敢这样做？Cant you see. 你莫非没观察吗？What do you mean by doing so. 你那样做是什幺意思

33、？What on earth is the matter. 到底发生了什幺事情？Why didnt you tell me the truth earlier. Didnt I tell you to be here on time. 莫非我没叫你准时到这里吗？B. I m sorry to have said that, but. Its my fault ,I am to blame. 这是我的过错 , 我该罚；Its none of your business. 你不要多管闲事； 提示：基本用语Dont forget to. Don t you remember the days whe

34、n. Be careful.Make sure that everything is OK now. I must remind you of 考点： Mind your step/ head. Wet floor. 、Look out. 、Be careful. 、Don t touch. 、Take care. 难点：“ Look out. 警告对方有危急 ,英语说明为 warn somebody they are in danger .Take care ” 警告对方做事要当心 ,英语说明为 warn somebody to do something carefully, 仍可作道别时用

35、语 , 译为“ 请多保重 .与 look 相关的交际用语仍有 :Just have a look.任凭看看 .Look what you ve done. 看看你干了些什么 . 五、禁止和警告基本常识日常生活中, 人们常常会遇到 “ 禁止”“ 警告” 的场合,如在博物馆里的No Touch （请勿触摸展品） ；影剧院里、公共汽车上的 的 Wet Paint （油漆未干） ；交通要道处的No Smoking （不许抽烟） ；公园里座位旁边 No Parking （禁止停车）等；名师归纳总结 在正式场合, 提示对方留意, 语气一般较为动听,如：Please be sure to come earl

36、ier tomorrow. 第 5 页,共 21 页当对方处于危急状态而没有留意到时,你应当准时提出警告以防不测；如情形危急, 就用简- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 短有力的祈使句；如：Take care. / Watch out. / Be careful. / Stop. 接受了别人的警告必需向对方表示感谢并简要说明理由 , 甚至赔礼；禁止和警告通常是在一种紧急的语境中发出的,而且语言要简洁, 因此祈使句是常见的表达方式；禁止和警告这一功能有时相当于威逼,但口气强弱有所不同；表示禁止常常用：You mustnt / You cant 不行 ；Wa

37、tch out. 当心 . 表示警告常常用和：Take care. / Be careful. / Look out. / Mind out. 当心等；基本用语You cant / Mustnt do If you , you will You had better not do . Dont smoke. No noise, please. No + doing Be sure not to doLook out. 紧急 / Take care.提示留意 / Be careful. Look out for / Be careful with Make sure you lock the d

38、oor when you leave. Mind the wet paint. Mind your own business. 别管闲事！Watch out where you are walking. No way. / OK ,I will. / Sorry,I wont. 交际例句 1.- Dont climb that ladder. Its broken. - OK. Thank you. 2.- Look out. Theres a car coming. - Oh, thank you. 3.- You mustnt play on the street. Its dangero

39、us. - No, we wont. 4.- Dont touch the machine when it is working. - No, I wont. Thank you. 5.- You are not allowed to smoke here. - Oh, Im sorry. 六、恳求、答应（提出帮忙 ; 提出建议和忠告、 ）: 基本用语 a. May/ Can/Could I. I wonder if I could/ can. Do you mind if I do. /Would you mind if I did . b. Yes/Sure/Certainly. Yes,

40、 do please. Of course you may. Go ahead, please. 有请 . Thats OK/all right. Not at all. With pleasure. 很愿意 . c. Im sorry you cant. Im sorry, but. Youd better not. All right./ OK. 对 Would/Do you mind if 的回答； 第一要依据情形回答“ 是否介意” ；假如真的介意 , 都要委婉拒绝；不介意的答语：No, of course not. / Certainly not. / No, go ahead. /

41、Not at all. 介意的答语： Im sorry you cant. / Sorry, but its not allowed. /Youd better not. I would rather you didnt / Im afraid 对 I wonder if I could/ can 的回答：答应Sure, go ahead./ Yes, please do. / Yes. Of course. Certainly. 不答应 Im sorry, but / Im afraid not./ No, please dont. / Youd better not. 名师归纳总结 交际例

42、句1.- Please let me help you. - No, thanks. I can carry it. 第 6 页,共 21 页2.- Can I see your licence please. - OK. 3.- May I call you James. - Of course, if you wish. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.- Could I borrow a pen please. - Of course. With pleasure. 5.- Excuse me. May I use your diction

43、ary. - Yes, here you are. 6.- May I ask you several questions. - Yes, of course. 留意要点 恳求 :May /Can /Could I ？ Would /Do You mind ？应答 确定： Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes,please.Of course not ,you may/can. Take your time. Yes ,help yourself .Go ahead, please .Not at all .That s OK /all right .Not in the least .Not a bit. 否定： Id rather you didn t .Youd better not. I m sorry you can t. 难点：“ Take it easy. 劝慰对方不要愤怒、紧急担心 ,即 to tell someone to become less upset or angry; ” Take your time. 同 no hurry . 劝慰对方不要急 ,渐渐来 ,即 to do something slowly without hurrying; “ Sure, go ahead . 当然可以 ,干吧、做吧、说吧等 ,