2022年虚拟语气用法归纳.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载虚拟语气用法归纳 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气；不同的语 气用动词的不同形式（有的仍借助句法形式）来表示；一、 虚拟条件句 条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句 假如假设的情形是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语用陈述语气；If you don t work hard, you will fail. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 假如假设的情形过去、现在、将来都不存在,就为虚拟语气 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式

2、列表：与过去事实相反的假设条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设过去时 waswere would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设过去时waswere ; would/could/might/should do should do; were to do 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟 What would you do if you won the lottery. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go

3、abroad. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟 If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday. 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟 If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would

4、be put off. If we were to picnic, we would not be able to help. 二、错综、混合虚拟语气 通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一样的,假如两者时间不一样,此时就是混合型虚拟语气；混合型虚拟语气的使用 要求“ 各自为政”,即从句和主句依据各自假设的时间不同,采纳上面表格中对应的的谓语 动词形式；1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的 假设 2. If you had not watched

5、television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now. 从句 是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设 3. Had you followed the doctor s suggestion, you would be fine now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设 4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month. 从句是对过 去的假设,主句是对将来的假设 5. You didn t let me drive. If w

6、e had driven in turns, you wouldn 对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设 t be so tired now. 从句是名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. 从句是对现在的假设,主句是 对将来的假设 三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“ 含蓄之美” 指的是含蓄虚拟语气；由于有时假设的情形并不是以 if 引 导的条件从句形式显现,而是通过一些短语等形式示意虚拟语

7、气的存在,常用的词语有 with, without, but for, otherwise, or ,even, in case of, what if假如 将如何 等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句考试时多数情形是对过去的假设；But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）Without water, all lives would die. （现在）He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party

8、. （过去）I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）四、 虚名词性从句的虚拟语气 含有 should +V 的用法, 这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句,包括主语从句, 宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句；记忆口诀：一个 坚持 insist,两个命令 order, command,三个建议 suggest, advise, recommend,四个要 求ask, require, demand, request ；1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气 He insis

9、ted that the meeting be put off. The general ordered that all the soldiers should leave. He gives orders that the soldiers should leave. 2. 表语从句的虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we should stay here for a rest. 3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气 There is no suggestion that she should resign. 4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要表达在 It 做形式主语的三种情形：It

10、s +p.p +that ； It s + adj. +that ； It s + n. +that 常用的动词 recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, 常 用 的 形 容 词regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential 常用的名词 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame,

11、regret 其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思It s important that you should take the medicine. It s a pity that you should refuse the invitation. It s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid. It s demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should join

12、the club activities. 5. It 为形式宾语的情形实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形,是以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句,it 后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词,常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词；I consider it vital that he should think deeply before acting. We think it necessary that the meeting should be put off. 6. 某些词语如 suggest, insist 等有双重含义, 所以在使用的时候要留意什么时候用虚拟 语气,什么时候不用虚拟语气；Her s

13、mile suggested that she was in favor of the plan. We insisted that what the boy did was wrong. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载五虚拟语气在特别句式中的运用,主要有两种情形：I . would rather, It s time , for fear that would rather 在使用时要留意它的不同用法；由于本身 would rather 可以直接接动词原形,构成 would rather do

14、 sth. than do sth.else; 或者 would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是这样使用的would rather sb. did 对现在或将来的假设/ had done对过去的假设 I would rather he didn t go now. They would rather they hadn t attended the party. Its about high time that 从句中常用过去式 有时也用 should do, 含建议的意思；汉语的意思为“ 是该做 的时候了 ” ,也等于

15、 It s time for sb. to do sth. It s high time that we went home. It s high time that we should go home. It s high time for us to go home. for fear that 后面可以接虚拟语气 态动词；should do,也可以接其他语气,但依旧会有一个情I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you. II . wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause;

16、 If only 这三种情形的虚拟语气有点相像；wish 后的宾语从句, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式主要有三种 wish sb. did对现在的 虚拟 ; wish sb. had done对过去的虚拟 ; wish sb. would do 对将来的虚拟 .有时在对过去的 wish sb. would have done的情形；虚拟时,也会显现I wish I knew what was going to happen. She wished she had stayed at home. I wish I would have seen her last night. 此时要留意表示语气

17、很强时用How sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上；假如要用was 依然换成 were. How I wish I were a bird. as if/ though 显现的虚拟语气主要有两种情形：主句 seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though 引导的表语从句；+as if/ though 引导的状语从句；主句 +as if/ though 引导的状语从句：主句 +as if/ though+主语 +did/ were对现在的假 设；主句 +as if/ though+主语 +could/ would do对将来的假设 ；主句 +as if/ though

18、+主语 +had done对过去的假设 seem/ look/ smell等的从句情形基本上和上面一样；She talks as if she knew everything. He behaved as if nothing had happened. 留意不需要用虚拟语气的情形If only 引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望；形式为：用过去式或者 would/ could do, 表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；If only he were here. 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望；If only you would listen to our advise. If only

19、 I had not been busy last week. If only 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中,如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 六、虚拟语气测试题名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载I 用所给单词的适当形式填空；1.If you _follow the doctor, you_be all right now. 2. If we _drive the car by turns, you_not be so tired now. 3

20、. If I _ be you, I _ not miss that opportunity. 4. If they _start in the early morning, they _arrive soon 5.If you _take an umbrella, you_not be wet now. 6. Without water, there _be no living things. 7. But for your help, we _not finish the work. 8. The young man insisted that he _do nothing wrong a

21、nd _set free. 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _be all right now. 10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I _follow your advice. II. 单项挑选；1. If I had enough time, I _ it better next time . A. will do B. have done C. did D. would do 2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven

22、to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A.was B.had been C.should be D.would be 3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden . A. had B. have had C. will have D. had had 4. Sorry , I am too busy now . If I _ time , I would certainly go for an outing with you . A. had B. have ha

23、d C. had had D. have 5. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help . A. wouldn t have gone B. didn t go C. wouldn t go D. hadn t gone 6. - He will come tomorrow . - But I d rather he _ the day after tomorrow . A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come 7. What would have happened ,

24、 _ as far as the river bank . A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me . A. should have taken B. could have taken C. mustn t have taken D.

25、 needn t have taken 9. You _ much better now if you had taken the doctor s advice . A. would be B. would have been C. will be D. should be 10. _ myself to my study , I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now . A. If I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devote D. Had I devoted 11. _ it

26、rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to Zhonshan Bridge . A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 12. If he _ my advice , he wouldn t have lost his job . A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 13. _ no air or water , there would be no life in the world . A. Were there

27、B. There are C. There was D. Is there 14. It s high time that your daughter _ to school . 名师归纳总结 A. would be sent B. must be sent C. should be sent D. is sent 第 4 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载15. It is necessary that these exercise books _ as soon as possible . A. are handed

28、 in B. would be handed in C. will be handed in D. be handed in 16. Mr.Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week . A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 17. But for the help of my English teacher , I _ the first prize in the English writing composition . A. would no

29、t win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 18. Brown had intended to take a job in business , but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in America in 2022. A. had abandoned B. has abandoned C. abandoned D. will abandon III 依据汉语提示,用括号中的单词完成句子；1. 要是他依据医生要求的那样悄悄地躺着,他现在就不那样受罪了；If h

30、e had lain quietly as the doctor instructed, he _ so much now. suffer 2. 现在已经12 点了,莫非你不认为我们该回家了吗？It s already 12 o clock now, Don t you think it s about time we _ home . go 3. 我昨天得了重感冒,否就,我就会完成作业了；I had a bad cold yesterday, otherwise, I _ my homework. finish 4. 要不是由于英语考试,我上周日就会去听音乐会；But for the Eng

31、lish examination, I _ to the concert last night. go 5. 要不是由于她不会唱歌,我就邀请她参与聚会了；If it _ the fact that she can t sing. I _ my homework. be 6. 即使太阳从西边升起,我对你的爱也不会变；If the sun were to rise in the west, my love for you _ . change 7. 认真想想, Michel 的医生坚持认为他伤得很重,坚决要求他马上动手术；After careful examination, Michel s do

32、ctor insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ on at once. operate 8. 假如不是空气吸取了太阳的部分热量,夜晚地球会特别冷,不适合我们居住；Without the air hold some of the sun on. too 9. 我宁愿你明天去买书；s heat, the earth at night _ for us to live I would rather you _ to buy books tomorrow. go 10.他谈起来似乎他已经知道了这个隐秘；He talked as if he _ the secret.know 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页