2022年限制性非限制性定语从句详解+练习 .pdf

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1、定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词 （有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例 1：This is the detective who came from London. 例 2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy

2、. 例 3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例 4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that ，不用 which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, an

3、y, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用 which, who ，或 whom 。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中， 不能用关系代词that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - -

4、- - - of whom、are well educated. (4) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。 例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that 可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who ）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6)which 可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某

5、种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which; 若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who 。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that 。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或 whom ，不用 which 。例

6、如： Is there anyone here who will go with you? Where ：对于关系副词 where 的考察，趋于一种“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人 / 物的 situation，或某事发展的 stage ，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词 where。常见的先行词还有point ，case 等。3“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 (1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代

7、词只可用whom 或 which, 不可用 that 。in which =where for which =why on which = when (2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - (3) 像 list

8、en to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。 关系副词 when在从句中充当时间状语， where 充当地点状语， why充当原因状语。 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因 That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，

9、在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that 也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词， 同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词， 可以由关系代词关系副词或that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that 引导。 2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分, 作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后， 但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例

10、如： 1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited 四As在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - （1）as 多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代

11、替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. 3）the same, that与 the same ,as在意思上是不同的。 2As 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开， 但 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后as is known众所周知， as is often the case情况常常如此， as is supposed如所

12、料想的， as often happens这种情况常常发生， as is expected在意料之中。例如： (1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.众所周知 , 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。下面结合考例谈谈学习运用非限制性定语从句时应注意的几个问题：一、that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terrible noise, _br

13、ought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】选 B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词noise 属于事物，也不能用 that 而要用 which 来引导。 which 指代 noise ，在从句中作主语。二、除 which 外，还可用 when ，where，whose ，whom 等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如： Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is

14、approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词 when指代表示时间的名词next month ，并作从句的状语。 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住， 在那里她有几个密友。 ( 关系副词 where 指代表示地点的名词Macao ，并

15、在从句中作状语。 ) 【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】选 B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which ；指人时常可转换为of whom。【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,_many

16、 people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行词 5:30 pm与 time 之间是一种同位关系，可用which 来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by 短语连用。故选 D。三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。四、

17、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,_made the others unhappy. A. who B. which 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - C. this D. what 【解析】选 B。指代“

18、 Dorothy 总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”的整个事件。【考例五】 Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示时间的名词 October ，用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰， 意思不通。应该修饰整个主句， 表示对“ Carol 说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。 故选 D。五、引导非限制性定语从句时as 和 which 的差异：从句置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as 引导，而置于句末时，两者都可以使用。

19、如：【考例六】 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。【考例七】 _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 【解析】答案为 B。与考例六同理。非限练习 +详解1. The place _interest

20、ed me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know

21、 the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory _well vi

22、sit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been show

23、n this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat

24、a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all wh

25、at C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I

26、went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister

27、, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. 名师资料总结 - -

28、 -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bou

29、ght such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is

30、the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was

31、 ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of wh

32、ich C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied

33、 the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C.

34、 it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D.

35、 when; which 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B.

36、following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German fri

37、ends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which

38、50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话 ” 要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关

39、系代词，在从句中作forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词 that是负数概念， 其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown 。如果句中的 one前面使用了定冠词the，则 the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物 ” 应说 talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which 作宾语，不能用 that。10. A. with which 是介词+关系代词 结构,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有用的意思,介词之后只能用 whi

40、ch,不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语 ,即 he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

41、 - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 14. A. that 引导定语从句 ,因为先行词是 all,所以只能选用 that 引导. 15. D. the same .as是固定用法 , as引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本句话中 ,as作从句的主语 . 16. D. such as是固定用法 ,as引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本题中 ,as作表语 . 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时 as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往

42、往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语 . 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom 放在从句中为 :I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas 或 the same as 固定搭配，其中 such和 same修饰其后的名词， as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、 表语或宾语。 Su

43、ch修饰单数名词时 ,要用 such a ., 本题中 such books, such直接修饰复数名词 . 20. B. things和 persons是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时 ,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句 ,who 作从句的主语 . 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词 person后有两个定语从句 ,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom 作从句中 met的宾语 ,可以省略 .第二个从句 w

44、ho could do it.who 在从句中作主语,不可省略 . 24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title也可以说成 the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句 ,使用介词 for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for 以 .而闻名 . 26. C. 当先行词被 such修饰时 ,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语 . 27. A. 两个先行词 the day都是表示时间的名词 ,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语 ,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系

45、词在从句中作动词 spent的宾语 ,因此要用关系代词which 或 that来引导定语从句 . 28. D. 在 way、distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替 “in ( 或其他介词 )+which ” 、when或 where，而 that 常可省略。29. D. for which 在定语从句中作原因状语,可用 why 来替代 . 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型， 这一句中的 why 和 that不能随意换

46、位，也不能将 that 改成 because ， 尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有“ 因为” 的含义。32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义 . 33. A. 解释见 28 题. 34. D. 主句中的 two 表明不能选 A.从句中的 are表明不能选 B. both of which 用来引导非限制性定语从句. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 35. C.

47、 as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas 或 the same as 固定搭配，其中 such和 same修饰其后的名词， as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语 . 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义 . 37. D. 38. D. 解析见 35 题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句 , 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句 . 41. A. what happened是宾语从句 . all 之后 th

48、at he knew是定语从句 .先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词 ,用 when引导定语从句 ,是因为 when在从句中作时间状语 .第二个空选用 which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是 people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“. 的数目 ” ，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44. D. that followed 是定语从句，关系代词that 在从句中作主语。45. A. 先行词 gas被

49、 only 修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用 which。46. B. through which 引导定语从句， through which 即 through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。 What 引导的是 see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。 that 引导了定语从句，因为that 同时又作 visited 的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见 35 题。49. C. 因为是 two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes 是单数概念。因此， C 是正确选项。50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been 。关系代词 that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -