2022年非常详细的虚拟语气讲解资料.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 虚拟语气第一部分：语气的定义和种类1 语气 mood 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度；2 语气的种类 、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句；如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面；Were you busy all day yesterday.昨天一成天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is.她是多好的一位老师啊！、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的恳求或命令；如：Never be la

2、te again.再也不要迟到了；Dont forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯；、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或估计等；如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 假如我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行；I wish I could pass the examination. 我期望我能通过考试；May you succeed.祝您胜利！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点；让我们就从最简洁的开头吧；其次部分：简洁句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的虚心、客

3、气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中；如：.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office. 请你告知我去邮局的路好吗？.It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚；二、表希望；1、常用“may+动词原形” 表示希望,但愿,此时 may 须置于句首多用于正式文体中；、 May good luck be yours. 祝你好运！、 May you be happy. 祝你欢乐！、 May you do even better. 祝你取

4、得更大成就！、 May you have a good time. 希望你玩的爽快；、 May the friendship between us last long. 希望我们的友情天长地久；、 May you be happy. 留意那个 be 祝你幸福；2、用动词原形；例如：1.Long live the people. 人民万岁！2.“ God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“ 愿上帝保佑你！ ”3.Have a good journey. 希望你旅途开心！三、表示剧烈愿望； 该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”1.God save

5、 me2.Heaven help us四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在其次人称 you,而且通常省略主语 也就是 you ；2.句子尾通常加上感叹号： ！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态 Simple Present,如： work, be , go 4.否认形式的命令语气,可用助动词 do,加上 not；1. Work . 2. Work harder . 3. Be more alert . 虚拟语气动词 Be 4. You go out . 5. Do not work so hard. do not 表示否认的虚拟语气 6. Dont be afraid. 口语中常用 dont 代替

6、do not 五、在一些习惯表达中；如：1.Youd better set off now. 你最好现在就动身；2.I d rather not tell you the secret. 我愿意不告知你这个隐秘；第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句 Subordinate Clause中的虚拟语气一、在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词 that；一、对现在情形的虚拟与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式或过去进行式 时间上是同时的 ；其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语例：be 和 werewas,实义动词用过去式；1. I

7、 wish that 可省略 ,下同 I knew the answer to the question.wish, 动词过去式 knew我期望知道这个答案；事实上是不知道 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.wish, were 但愿我的家乡四季如春；事实上不行能 3. I wish I were a bird.wish, were 但愿我是只小鸟；事实上不行能 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.wished,过去虚拟动词 we

8、re事实上并不在家 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.wishes, 过去虚拟动词 understood 现在他在中国,他期望能懂得中文；事实上并不懂 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.will wish, 过去虚拟动词 were事实上并不和我们在一起 名师归纳总结 第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二、对过去情形的虚拟和过去的事实相反：用 wish 表示对过

9、去事情的遗憾；其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或 would, could, might+ 现在完成时；例：1. I wish that 可省略,下同 I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该铺张这么多时间；事实上已铺张了 2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真期望没有失去时机；其实已失去 3. We wished he had spoken to us. wished,had + spoken事实上他并没同我们讲 4. I wish you had called earlier. wish, had + cal

10、led 事实上已迟了 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. will wish ,had + listened 事实上并不如此 例题分析： I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词 wish 后面接从句,表达不行能实现或与事实相反的情形时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式表示现在发生的动作或过去完成式表示

11、过去发生的动作；此题后半句谓语动词 have 用的是过去时 had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作；所以 , 选项 Acould have slept 是答案三、对将来情形的虚拟 表示将来的主观愿望 ：从句动词 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 时间上较后 请留意：主句和从句的主语不相同 ；用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望；例：1. I wish it would stop raining. 虚拟动词 would+ 动词原形 stop 我期望雨能停止；事实上雨仍在下着呢 2. I wish you would b

12、e quiet.would + be 我期望你寂静一些；事实上那家伙仍在吵着呢 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.would + arrive 你期望她其次天会到；事实上她仍没到 4. I wish she would change her mind.would + change 我期望她会转变想法；呵呵,女孩子可没那么简洁就转变想法喔 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.would + join 只是期望我们和他在一起,实际上仍没在一起 四、留意：1.假如将 wish

13、改为过去式 wished, 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变；例如：I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了；2. 假如 that 从句中用 would , 一般表示对现状不满或期望将来有所转变或恳求I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句

14、中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观看法,认为某事应当或不应当怎样,这些词语后面的“that” 从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形” 表示这种语气,但事实上“should” 常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有：表示“ 要求” 的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“ 提议、劝说、建议” 的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“ 打算、命令” 的：decide, order 表示“ 主见” 的：maintain, urge 表示“ 同意

15、、坚持” 的：consent, insist 例如：1.The doctor suggested that he should try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we should tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “ The razor and water do the job. ” 当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“ 剃刀和水就行了”； 4.He pursued various theories for several days u

16、ntil I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 他费了几天功夫查找理论依据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的； 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English 的国家呆上两三年； 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如：speaking country. 我们建议同学应在说英语order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, in

17、sist, command, insist +. should do 6.I suggest that we should hold a meeting next week. , 用虚拟语气 . 7.He insisted that he should be sent there. 但留意：在 insist 后的从句中 , 假如是坚持自己, 用陈述语气 , 坚持别人做什么事情8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2

18、页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 或者说, suggest, insist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意示意、说明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气；10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判定改错 : 错11. You pale face suggests that you should be ill. 对12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 错13. I insisted that you should be

19、 wrong. 对14. I insisted that you were wrong. 例题分析： 15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play 全句意思是：“ 旅社治理部门恳请客人晚上 11 点后不要打开收音机”；句中的谓语动词 request恳求所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should动词原形” ；本句的主

20、语从句中,主语 radio 是谓语动词 play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态；所以,答案是 C not be played ；在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以 A 不正确；选项 B not to play 是动词带 to 的不定式,不能在句中作谓语；选项 Ddid not play 也是动词 play 的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用；而且,它是主动语态形式,而此题要用被动语态；练习：16. The chairman requested that . Athe members studied more carefully the problem B the

21、 problem was more carefulnessly studied C with more carefulness the problem could be studied Dthe members study the problem more carefully 17. The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting . Awould be discussed B will be discussed C be discussed Dmay be discussed 18. The doctor insist

22、ed that his patient . Athat he not work too hard for three months B take it easy for three months C taking it easy inside of three months Dto take some vacations for three months 三、在 expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否认或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在 expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否认或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们常常用“式”

23、 ,表示诧异,疑心,不满等；should动词原形 或完成形I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此英勇的小战士；练习：1 that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,they would be faced by a large army. AIt is believed BShould they believe CThey would believe DIf they would believe 2 I think i

24、t advisable that he for Tokyo soon. Awill leave Bmay leaveCleave D leaves 四、 would rather , would sooner,had rather, would just as soon , would prefer 之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would rather , would sooner, had rather, would just as soon ,would prefer 期望也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气；谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反；表

25、示” 宁愿做什么”或对过去做的事的后悔 ；1.I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 2.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. 3.Don t live in the world, I would rather I would just as soon you die. 4.I would rather you go tomorrow. 5.I would rather everything hadn t happened in the pa

26、st. 6.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作；7.To be frank , Id rather you were not involved in the case 坦率地说,我期望你不要卷入这件事；8.You dont have to be in such a hurry I would rather you went on business first 你没有必要这么焦急,我宁愿你先去上班；9.Id rather you didnt make an

27、y comment on the issue for the time being我倒期望你临时先不要就此事发表看法；10.Frankly speaking ,Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做；11.Wouldnt you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？12.I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday 我真期望你昨天把这本书仍

28、了；注：假设某人愿自己做某事,would rather 后用动词原形I would rather stay at home today would rather than中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today 五、“ had hoped” 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用“had hoped” 表示原先期望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+ 动词原形” ；I had hoped that she w

29、ould go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 我原本期望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜爱留在中国；其次节：主语从句中的虚拟语气一、“ It is was+ 形容词或过去分词+that ” 结构中的虚拟语气在形如“It is was+ 形容词或过去分词+that ” 结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、恳求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气；其表达形式为 should 动词原形或省略 should直接用动词原形美国英语中省去 should常用的形容词

30、：* natural 自然的 , appropriate 适当的 ,advisable 合适的 , preferable 更可取的 , better 更好的 * necessary 必需的 , important 重要的 , imperative 急需的 , urgent 急迫的 , essential 本质的 , vital 必不行少的 * probable 很可能的 , possible 可能的 * desirable 极好的 advisable合理的,compulsory必需的 ,crucial紧急的,desirable抱负的,essential必要的,imperative迫切的,inc

31、redible 惊人的,necessary必要的,possible可能的, strange古怪的,urgent紧迫的；常用的过去分词 Past Participle:* required 需要的 , demanded 要求 , requested 被恳求的 , desired 要求 * suggested 建议, recommended 举荐 * orderd 命令 1. It is necessary that we should 可省略 ,下同 have a walk now.necessary, should + have 表示有需要去漫步 2.It was necessary that

32、 we should make everything ready ahead of time.necessary, should + make 表示有必要事先做好准备 3. It is required that nobody should smoke here.required, should + smoke 表示要求不要在此抽烟 4. It is important that every pupil should be able to understand therule of school.important, should + be 表示重要的是同学都能明白校规 5. Its impo

33、rtant that we should take good care of the patient.important, should + take 表示重要的是照料好病人 6. It is natural that she should do so. 形容词 natural, should+动词原形 do 7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的；8.It is vital that enough money be collected

34、to fund the project重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目供应资金；9.It is desired that we shouldget everything ready this evening 期望我们今晚一切都预备就绪；注：在上述所列形容词后面用 that 引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气；10.I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience 汤姆缺乏体会, 指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的；二、在 It is 名词 that 的主语从句中的虚拟语气

35、在 It is 名词 that 的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、恳求、愧疚、疑心、诧异等；这类名词有： advice ,decision ,desire , demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity ,preference , proposal,recommendation ,requirement,resolution ,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder 等；、 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad 我建议派他去国外进一步学习；第三节：虚拟

36、语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、恳求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为 should 动词原形或直接用动词原形；这类名词常见的有：demand 要求 , desire 恳求 ,requirement 要求 advice 劝说 , recommendation 建议 ,suggestion 建议 order 命令 necessity 必要地 , preference 优先 proposal 方案 , plan 方案 , idea 方法 ,recommendation 以及 plan,idea,resolution等；We are a

37、ll for your proposal that the discussion be put off 我们都赞成你提出的将争论延期的建议；The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受；、 The advice is that we should 可省略,下同 leave at once. 名词 advice,should + leave 表示加以劝说 、 My idea is that we should get more people to attend t

38、he conference. idea, should + get 表示做出想法 、 I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week. proposal, should + hold 表示做出方案 、 The judge assented to the suggestion that . Aboth of the criminals will soon be set freedom B some of the criminals there are of guilt only C the girl was to be paro

39、led in the custody of a welfare society Dthe prisoner be sentenced to death 第四部分：条件句中的虚拟语气第一节： if 引导的条件句中的虚拟语气第 4 页,共 16 页虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设；该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句；一、 if 引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判定 1、可以把条件句分为两类：1.真实条件句 Sentences of Real Condition ：但凡假设的情形发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句；例如：、 If I have time , I will help you with t

40、his work. 假如我有时间会帮忙你做此工作的；、 As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话,你肯定要指出来；、 If time permits, well go fishing together.假如有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼；2.虚拟条件句 Sentences of Unreal Condition ：当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句；例如：、 If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 假如我是你的话,就去参与会议了；名师归纳总结

41、- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 、 If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend. 假设他昨天来这儿的话,就会观察他的老伴侣；、 If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home. 假如昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里；2、.if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判定判定是真实条件句仍是非真实条件句；只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气；通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气；

42、假设的条件不能实现就是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气；判定这个假设是与哪个事实相反；通常有三种情形：与过去事实相反；与现在事实相反；与将来事实可能相反；3、“ 后退一步法”后退一步法是指在精确地判定了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态；即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情形“ 后退一步”；也就是：与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示；主句中就用情态动词 would, should, could 等加一个与从句一样的动词形式；例：、 If I had com

43、e her yesterday, I would have seen him. 、 If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 、 If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out. 4、留意事项if 条件句中如有 were, should, had,可以省去 if ,并使用倒装语序；在现代英语中 if 条件状与从句中的谓语动词假如是 be 其过去形式一般用 were；二、虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法：一、表示与现在事实相反的情形；其句子结构为：从句： if + 主语

44、+ 动词的过去式 be 用 were + 主句：主语 + would should, could , might + 动词原形 + 例：1.If I were you, I would go with him. 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 假如天气好,我去那儿； 事实天气不好3.If I were you, I would read it again. 假如我是你的话,我再读一遍；事实上我不是你4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 假如时间答应的话,我再写一遍；事实上时间不答应5

45、.If it weren t snowing, we wouldn t stay in the house.要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里；事实上现在下雪6.What would I do if I were in your place. 要是我处于你位置我会怎么办？事实上我不在你的位置上7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车；可是他不焦急8.If it weren t for your help, we would get into trouble. 假如没有你们的帮忙,我们就会陷入困境；而事实上得到了你们的帮忙9.If we had