2022年高一必修一英语第四单元重点总结及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 4 Earthquakes 重点词汇及短语1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然 起来, burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过 横穿 5.as usual像平常一样 6.give out 散发出 精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲 9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to

2、do sth.愿意做某事 11.be proud of 以 而骄傲 12.the number of 的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻 15.in ruins 破败不堪 成废墟 16.dig out 掘出 17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 很多 大量的 19.too to 太 而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在 中22.all not = not all 并非全部 都23.to the north of =north

3、 of 在的北面 24.be rescued from 被从 解救出 25.be buried 被掩埋 被埋藏 26.bury oneself in =be buried in 用心于 埋头于 27.think little of 评判不高 think highly of 称赞 赐予较高评 28.as if 似乎 20. be/ get shocked 震惊 21.at an end 终结 1 right away 立刻,立刻 = immediately / at once / right now / in no time 你必需立刻交作业； You must hand in your hom

4、ework right away. 2 well n. 井 adv. 好；充分地 e.g. think well 充分摸索 Learn it well. 好好地学； adj. 健康 的 You dont look well. 你看上去气色不太好； int. 好啦；好吧 vi./vt. 涌出；涌上 Tears welled up in her eyes. 泪水涌上她的双眼；3 million n. 百万 详细数字 + million 单 + n. .百万 确数 millions of + n. 大量,很多,好 几百万 概数 用法同 billion, hundred, thousand等 3 百万

5、美 元 3 million dollars 好几百万美元 millions of dollars 4 burst vi./vt. burst, burst （使）爆裂； 使）破裂；（使）爆 发 e.g. The balloon burst. 汽球爆破了；He burst with anger. 他勃然大怒；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The boy burst the balloon. 那男孩把气球弄破了 burst into sth./ burst out doing sth. 突然 .起来e.g. She

6、burst into tears/ laughter. = She burst out crying/ laughing. 她突然哭 /笑 起来； c.n. 突然破裂；爆发a burst of . 一阵 . e.g. a burst of laughter/anger 一阵笑声 /大怒5 as if 似乎；似乎 = as though 引导表语、状语从句 1 + 陈述语气 从句可 能性大 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了； 2 + 虚拟语气 从句内容非真实的 She treats me as if I were her sister.

7、她待我就像我是她姐妹一样；He turned around as if he hadn seen me. 他转过身,似乎没观察我；6 at an end 终止；终结 = finished over e.g. The war was at an end. 战争终止了； 相关短语： in the end 最终；最终 at the end of 在 的终点 by the end of 到, 底（末）为止 come to an end 终止 （物作主语 , 不及物） put an end to sth. 终止（人作主 语, 及物） e.g. The meeting came to an end. 会议

8、终止了； The chairman put an end to the meeting. 主席终止了会议；7 ruin c.n. 废墟; 遗迹 常用复数 e.g. the ruins of Yuanmingyuan 圆明园遗 迹 u.n. 毁坏；破坏；破产 e.g. The company is facing ruin. 那公司面临破 产；vt. 毁灭；使破产 e.g. The fire ruined the house. 火把房子烧毁了； The bad news ruined his hope. 这个坏消息毁灭了他的期望；in ruins 严峻受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；落空 e.g. Th

9、e earthquake left the city of Tangshan in ruins. 地震使得唐山这座城市成了一片废墟；His career/plan is in ruins. 他的事业尽毁； / 他的方案落空； 8 shock vt. 使 震惊；震惊名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - u.n. 休克 c.n. 冲击；震惊；震惊 常用结构： be shocked at/by sth. 对 惊讶 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而惊讶 shocking adj. 骇人听闻的,令人震惊的 e

10、.g. 他们对这个骇人听闻的消息感到非常震惊；They were shocked at/ by the shocking news. 或 They were shocked to hear the shocking news. 她的死对我是个很大的震惊；9）rescue Her death was a great shock to me. c.n./u.n. 援救；营救 e.g. a rescue team 一支营救队短语： come/ go to sbs rescue 来/去救援 /帮忙某人The fire fighters came to their rescue. 消防人员来营救他们；v

11、t. rescued, rescuing 援救；营救常用结构 rescue sb./ sth. from （从 中）搭救 /营救出某人 The fire fighters rescued them from the fire. 消防人员把他们从大火中救了出来；10）trap n. 陷阱,圈套,阴谋；困境vt. 使陷入困境 ; 设陷阱,诱骗（-pp-） be trapped in/by 被 困住,陷入 e.g. They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在失火的酒店里；trap sb. into doing sth. 使某人陷入圈套,用计使某人做某事

12、 11）dig out dig-dug-dug; digging 找出,挖出,掘出,发觉 dig out the truth 找出真相 dig sth./ sb. out of （从 中）掘出；挖出他不得不从雪里把车挖出来；12）bury vt. 1 掩埋；掩埋；隐匿 He had to dig his car out of the snow. e.g. His body was buried under a tree. 他的尸体被埋在一棵树下； 2 用心致志于某事 bury oneself in sth. sb. be buried in sth. 埋头于 ；用心于 e.g. He buri

13、ed himself in his studies. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - = He was buried in his studies. 他埋首于学习；13）frighten vt. 恐吓,是惊讶,使可怕 e.g. The dog frightened the child. 狗吓坏了小孩； frighten . away 把.吓跑 e.g. The barking of the dog frightened the thief away. 狗吠声把小偷吓跑了；了 frighten sb. into do

14、ing sth. / frighten sb. out of doing sth. 恐吓某人 不做某事 fright c.n. / u.n. 惊骇,惊讶frightening adj. 令人惧怕的,惊恐的,可怕的 惊吓的 frightened adj. 感到可怕的,受14）congratulation n. 庆贺,贺词（常用 pl.）“就某事庆贺某人 ” offer / send one s to sb. on/upon sth. 或 offer / send sb. ones s on/upon sth. e.g. 我们庆贺他的胜利； We offered our s to him on h

15、is success. congratulate vt. 庆贺,庆贺 sb. on/upon sth. 就.向某人庆贺 oneself on/upon sth. 庆幸自己 . e.g. 他庆幸自己考试及格； He d himself on passing the exam. 15 judge c.n. 裁判员；法官；审判员；鉴赏家 vt. & vi. 判定；判决；审理；评判 Never judge from/by appearances. 别以貌取人； 常用结构： judge + n. e.g. You can judge a book by/from its cover. 你不能凭封面来评判

16、一本 书； judge + sb. to be e.g. I judged him to be about 50. 我判定他大约 50岁； judge + sb./sth. + adj./n. e.g. I judged him the oldest. 我判定他年纪最大； judge + clause e.g. I can judge which answer is better. 我无法判定哪个答案更好 些； judging by/ from 从 看,依据 判定（作状语）e.g. Judging from his response, he was satisfied with the per

17、formance. 从他的反应 看来,他对这场演出是中意 的； Judging by his accent, he must be from the U.S.A. 从他腔调判定,他肯定 来自美国；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - judgement c.n. 判定；判决 u.n. 判定力；识别力 16 express vt. 表示；表达 express one opinion/ idea/ attitude/ meaning/ 表达某人的看法 /想法 /态度 /意 思等 express oneself 表达自己的意思

18、 Try to express yourself clearly. 尽力把 你的意思表达清晰吧； n. 快车；速递 expression n. 表达；表情；表达法 重点句子分析 1But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were aslee p as usual that night. Reading think little/poorly/badly/ill of sb./sth. 对某人 /物评判不高、不好、不看 重 think a lot/ highly/well of sb.

19、/sth. 对某人 /物评判很高、很好、很看重 e.g. 他不看重钱； He thinks little of money. 读者们对她的书评判很高； The readers think highly of her book. 被动： Her book is highly thought of by the readers. 2Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地 震中死去或受伤； Reading 分数的表达法,分子用基数词one, two, , 分母用序数词 first, second,

20、, 当分子大于 1 时,分母的序数词要用复数形式,如 , 1/5为 one-fifth, 4/5 为 four-fifths ；“当分数 /百分数 of 名词 /代词 ”作主语时,谓语的单复数由 of 后的名词 /代词打算；e.g. About three-fifths of the earth surface is covered with water. be Ten percent of the students are from China. be 3 A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty mitres wide c

21、ut across houses, roads and canals. Reading cut across 1 走捷径,穿过去假如穿过这片地,我们可节约时间；We can save time if we cut across this field. 2 和. 相反, 违反他的讲话和他以前说的相反；His speech cut across what he had said before. 4In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. Reading lie 1说 谎 lied, lied 2位于,在于 3躺着 4处于某种状态

22、lay, lain lie “出于某种状 态” + adj. / 介词短语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. 战争过后,这村庄成了一片废 墟； The village lay in ruins after the war. 书打开在桌子 上； The book lay open on the table. 5Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 他们所看到的地方几乎 一切都被摧残了； everywhere 1 adv. 处处,处处 Yo

23、u can see flowers everywhere. 你处处可看到鲜 花； 2 conj. 无论哪里 = wherever 无论你走到哪里,都能看到鲜 花； You can see flowers everywhere you go. 3 n. 处处,处 处 Everywhere seems to be quiet. 6 All hope was not lost.不是全部的期望都破灭了；处处似乎很寂静；all, both, each, every等词与否定词 not 连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都 , 不全是 ”的意思； no, none, never等词用于全部否定； e.g. Al

24、l that glitters is not gold. 闪光 的不都是金子；All the students didn pass the exam. =Not all the students passed the exam. 不是全部同学都通过考试；有的同学通过了考试,有的没有通过； None of the students passed the exam. 没有一个同学通过考试；16、大量的 修饰不行数名次 a great / good deal / a large amount of / much 修饰可数名 次 many / a number of / a greatgood man

25、y 即可修饰可数名次也可修饰不行数名 次 plenty of / a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / a mass of / masses o f 即时活用：1、I spent _ of my time in this work. A. a plenty B. a good many C. a good deal D. great deal 答案： C 2、How many books does he have. - He possesses _them. A. plenty of B. very much C.

26、 a great deal D. an amount of 答案： D protect vt. 爱护 用法归纳： （1）protect sth. To protect the environment, we should drive less. 为了爱护环境,我们应当少开 车；（2）protect sth. / sb. from + n. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - You should wear a pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the snow

27、. 下雪天 你应当戴副墨镜爱护你的眼睛；（3）protect sb. / sth. from doing Ge You speaks carefully in public to protect himself from being hurt. 葛优在公共 场合说话很当心,爱护自己不被损害；（4）protect A against B The tree belts can protect this area against shifting sand. 护林带能爱护这个地区不 受流沙的侵害；即时活用： 1、He raised both his arms to protect his face

28、_ the ball. A. from B. for C. with D. to 答案： A 2.At the meeting, we reached a conclusion that we should do what we could _ t he Yellow River from being further polluted. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect D. protected 答案： A 3.You better wear your sunglasses to protect your eyes _ the sun. A. fro

29、m B . with C. in D. under 答案： A 4.As you know, it is my duty to _ my younger sisters from being hurt when t hey are in danger. A. prevent B. save C. stop D. protect 答案： D 1. Peter was killed in the earthquake. _ I talked with him last week. A. What a pity. B. I beg your pardon. C. Sorry to hear that

30、. D. Is that so. 2. Weting _ we are invited. ll not attend the meeA. if B. and C. unless D. once 3. They didn attend the conference. They _ a long trip abroad. A. prepared B. were preparing for C. were preparing D. are preparing for 4. Wash your hands with soap _ the experiment. A. in the end of B.

31、at the end of C. to the end of D. by the end of 5. His strength had almost _ when they found him in the desert. A. given out B. given in C. given up D. given off 6. Many people came to the meeting, _ of whom left early. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. number B. the numbers

32、 C. the number D. a number 7. I spend my holiday in Shanghai, _ lies on the coast. A. who B. which C. where D. that 8. On _ the bad news, she cried with her face _ in his hands. A. hear; bury B. hear; buried C. heard; burying D. hearing; buried 9. Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner w

33、as seated in it playing car ds with his children every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. of which 10. It quite _ to score a goal in FIFA World Cup. A. a prize B. a price C. an honour D. a value 11. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago A. which B. when C.

34、 where D. who 12. The people there were greatly _ to see every-thing changed over a night. A. pleased B. shocked C. interested D. moved 13. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom 14. _ is no wonder the building is _. A. It; in ruins B. That

35、; in ruins C. This; in ruin D It; in ruin 15. Do you mind if I open the window. _, but I caught a bad cold today. sorry A. No, not at all B. Yes, of course not C. Yes, please D. I Pablo Ruiz Picasso was the favourite child of his family. He was the only boy among a great many girl cousins. That was

36、enough to make him important, but the father love d him especially, because he knew his son was going to be an artist. Pablo knew the w ord for pencil even before he could see Mamma and Papa. When he was small, he spe nt hours by himself making delightful little drawings of animals and people. If hi

37、s mot her sent him out to play in the square, he went on drawing in the dust under the trees. father, was director of the museum in southern Spain. He ea Don Jose Ruiz, Pablo rned only a small salary, but there was not much work to do and he was able to practic e his hobby, which was painting pigeon

38、s. Don loved pigeons very much. He painted t hem dead or alive in ones and twos and in dozens. Sometimes he painted them on pap名师归纳总结 er, cut them out and stuck them onto canvas 画第 8 页,共 9 页布 ; sometimes he stuck real feathers onto his pictures. He knew a great deal about the technique of painting a

39、nd he taught it all to Pablo. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Life in Malaga was very pleasant. In the hot sunshine father and son would walk down to the beach to look at the boats on the shore or wander around the open markets. They made a strange pair. Don was tall and thin, with red hair an

40、d beard, sad gray eyes and a fine set of whiskers 腮须. He was so shy and correct that he was nicknamed “ theEnglishman” . Pablo was quite the opposite. He had his mother small, strong build 体格; he had straight black hair, and bright black eyes that noticed everything that was going on around him. 36.

41、 Picasso father loved him especially, because . A. he was the only boy in the family B. he was going to be an important person to his family C. he showed the gift of an artist in his early childhood D. he looked like his mother 37. Pablo father painted a lot because . A. he didn have enough money B.

42、 he had plenty of time C. he liked the pigeons, especially the dead ones D. he looked after the museum 38. Don Jose Ruiz and Pablo were a strange pair because . A. they liked to wander about the town B. they noticed everything that was going on around them C. one was tall and thin, the other was sma

43、ll and strong D. they looked so different from each other 39. The best title of the passage might be . A. Pablo Picasso: the great artist B. The Boyhood of Pablo Picasso C. Father of A Great Artist D. Father Influence 影响 on His Son 1-5CCBBA 6-10DBDBC 11-15DBAAA 1-5CCBBA 6-10DBDBC 11-15DBAAA 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页