2022年高中英语语法讲义直接引语和间接引语.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话一般采纳两种形式： 一种是直接引语（Direct Speech）,即原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内； 另一种是间接引语 （Indirect Speech）,即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内；一、直接引语变间接引语A 陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句, 变为间接引语时,在多数情形下都构成一个 that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等；与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化； The foreigner aid to me,

2、 I like Beijing very much. 那老外告知我：我很喜爱北京； The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告知我说他（她）很喜爱北京； She said, We are very fond of sports. 动；她说：我们都喜爱体育运 She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜爱体运动； Ill go over the grammar lesson once again, he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍；名师

3、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍； （that 可省略）B 疑问句的间接引语1一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或whether ,其主句动词常用 等；句末不用问号；ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know My teacher asked me, Do you

4、like American country music 我老师问我：你喜爱美国乡村音乐吗？ My teacher asked me if /whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜爱美国乡村音乐； You havent been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北,是吗？ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京；2否定的一般疑问句和挑选问句假如直接引语为否定的一般问句或挑选疑问句时,接； She said, Dont you

5、 know my telephone number 用 whether or 连她说：你莫非不名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知道我的电话号码吗？ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码； Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 这个仍是那个？汤姆问：你是喜爱 Tom asked me whether I liked this o

6、ne or that one. 汤姆问我是喜爱这个仍是那个；3特别疑问句间接引语为特别疑问句时,间接引语前仍旧用特别疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句,留意从句必需用陈述语序,主句谓语动词常用 ask； He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？ He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样； She asked me, Whats the matter with you She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我：你怎么啦？她问我我怎么啦； How many books do you hav

7、e she asked. 她问：你有多少本书？ She asked me how many books I had. 4. 其它她问我有多少本；英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示恳求、劝说、建议等；这 种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采纳其他的形式；suggest doing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael. 迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影,好吗？ Michael suggest

8、ed going to the film tonight. 晚都去看电影；迈克尔建议今 What about having a drink he asked. 他问：喝杯怎么样？ He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯；advise sb to do Why dont you go hiking asked James. 步旅行？詹姆士问：你为什么不徒 James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行；. offer to do He said, Would you like me to post the letter 信吗？

9、他说：你要我寄 He offered to post the letter. 他主动提出寄信；ask sb to do Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我其次天把我的参考书带去；C 祈使句的间接引语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法

10、,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 1 直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式） ；引述动词可依据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request She said to me, Please have a rest. She asked me to have a rest. 等词,句中 please 去掉；她对我说：请休息一下；她要求我休息一下； Dont all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对同学说：大家不要齐声回答； She told the pupils

11、 not to answer all at once. 她叫同学不要齐声回答； 2 带有 let 的祈使句（表示恳求, 建议或命令）,可用 suggest + -ing形式或 suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思； Lets go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘说,让我们去散漫步吧； The girl suggested going for a walk. The teacher said, Let Lily tidy the classroom. 莉整理教室；这女孩建议去散漫步；老师说：让莉 The teacher suggested that Li

12、ly should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室；D 感叹句的间接引语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 1 直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时,多采纳宾语从句结构,既可用 what 或 how引导,也可用 that 引导； What a clever boy you are. my teacher said to him. 老师对他说,你是个聪慧的孩子啊！ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.

13、 老师对他说他是一个多聪慧的孩子啊； My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个特别聪慧的孩子； He said, How well you look. He said how well I looked. 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！他说我看起来是气色多好啊； He said that I looked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好； 2 有些感叹句可以依据原句的意思,采纳适当的动词变为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述； Help. he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！ He called for help.

14、他大声呼救； What terrible weather it is. he said. He complained about the terrible weather. 天气；他说：多么糟糕的天气！他埋怨这糟糕的 Merry Christmas. he said. 他说：圣诞欢乐！ He wished me a merry Christmas. 他祝我圣诞欢乐；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思二、间接引语中的词语变化直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、

15、物主 代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化；A 时态的变化 1 时态的变化 现在时间推移到过去时间 直接引语中的时态 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 间接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 The old man said, I have lived in this street since 1960. 名师归纳总结 The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 第 7 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - -

16、- - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思那老人说他自从 196 年起就住在那条街上了； He said, Is it raining He asked if it was raining. 他问是不是正在下雨；过去时间推移到过去的过去 直接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 间接引语中的时态 过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）过去完成进行时或不变 She said to me, I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago. She told me that she had written a letter to her

17、 parents three days before. 她告知我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信； What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked He asked me what I was doing at seven p.m. the day before. 他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么；将来时间推移到过去将来时间 直接引语中的时态名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一般将来时 Is/am/are going to do

18、 Is/am/are to do 间接引语中的时态 过去将来时 Was/were going to do Was/were to do He said, We shall get ready by eight oclock. He said that they could get ready by eight oclock. 他说他们将在 8 点前预备好； We are to meet at the school gate, she said to me. She told me that they were to meet at the school gate. 她 告知我他们商定在校门口见

19、面；间接引语中保持原先时态不变 在以下情形下,间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变； a. 主句为现在时或将来时,间接引语的时态保持不变； He thinks, She will be back in a month. He thinks she will be back in a month. 回来； He says, I have accepted her invitation. He says he has accepted her invitation. 他想她将在一个月后他说他已接受了她的邀名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - -

20、- - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思请；比较：间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比； Sarah said to me, I have two brothers. 两个弟弟；” Sarah told me that she has two brothers. 个弟弟；（说话人认为这情形是真实的） Sarah told me that she had two brothers. 个弟弟；（说话者对此没有什么把握）莎莎对我说：“ 我有莎莎告知我说她有两莎拉告知我说她有两 b. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等； The geography teacher s

21、aid to the students, The earth moves round the sun. The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告知同学地球环绕太阳转； He said, Every dog has his day. He said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日； c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍旧存在,时态可保持不变； He said, The window is broken. He said

22、that the window is broken.他说玻璃窗碎了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 Just now Brown said, My son is ill today. Brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗刚才告知我说,他儿子今日病了； d. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语,仍可用一般过去时,不必改为过去完成时； The girl said, I was born in 1978. The

23、girl said that she was born in 1978. 年； She said, My teacher was busy yesterday. 那女孩说她生于1978 She said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她说她老师昨天很忙； 2 情态动词的变化情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式,等意思时,可不变；表示必需时可不变,也可用 to ； The senior said, All men must die. The senior said that all men must die. 的；must 表示必、估计、禁止 had

24、to 或 would have 那老者说人总是要死 She said, I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon. She said she must/would have to go to see the doctor the next 名师归纳总结 afternoon. 她说其次天下午她肯定得去看医生；第 11 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 He said to me, We used to go there every year. He

25、 told me that they used to come here every year. 他对我说他们过去每年都来这里； （used to 在间接引语中不变）B 代词的变化1人称代词的变化 当主句的主语是第一人称时,引语中的人称代词不变； I said, You did quite well in the exam yesterday. I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before. 我说你那天考得不错；直接引语中主语是第一人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称与主句中的主语的人称一样； He said to T

26、om, Ill do my best to catch up with others. He told Tom that he would do his best to catc h up with others. 他告知汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人；直接引语中主语是其次人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称和主句的宾语相一样； He said to her, Where did you put the glasses He asked her where she had put the glasses. 他问她,她把 杯子放哪儿了；提示：假如主句中无宾语,应依据语境或想象,自添适当的宾语；假如直接名

27、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思引语中有呼语,就将其改为间接引语的宾语； Mother asked, Where have you been Mother asked me where I had been. 母亲问我去哪儿了； Why are you late again, John the teacher asked. The teacher asked John why he was late again. 老师问约翰 为什么他又迟到；直接引语中主语是第三人称时,在改为

28、间接引语时不发生变化； He said to Tom, She can help them. He told Tom that she could help them. 助他们；2物主代词的变化他告知汤姆她能够帮 You should not overlook your fault, Mum said to me. Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault. 妈妈对我 说我不应当忽视我的缺点； The two boys said, We have lost our dog. The two b oys said they had lost

29、their dog. 们的狗丢了； 3 指示代词的变化 直接引语中的指示代词 this 这两个男孩说他名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 these 间接引语中的指示代词 that those She said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. She said that that was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived. 她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子； I bough

30、t these flowers for you, Jane said. Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me. 简说那些花是她为我买的； I grow these tomatoes myself, he said. He aid that he grew those tomatoes himself. 卜是他自己种的；C 时间和地点状语的变化 1 时间状语的变化 He said, I spoke to them yesterday. 他说那些胡萝 He said that h had spoken to them the day

31、before. 他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了； The student said, We have learned about 3,000 English words so far. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 The student said that they had learned about 3,000 English words by then. 那同学说到那时为止他们已学会了3,000 个英语单词；2地点状语的变化当直接引语变间引语时, 地点状语 here

32、通常变为 there ；但假如说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点,那么仍旧使用 here. Come here, please, he said. He asked me to come here. He asked me to go there. 变化）他叫我到这里来；（引述人地点不变）他叫我到那里去； （引述人地点发生 Here she burst out into a flood of tears, he said to me. He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there. 他告知我说,谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 15 页