2022年高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语复合句学问讲解与训练 一、名词性从句要点精讲与训练高考重点要求 1把握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构;2弄清名词性从句的连词意义,把握其用法;3依据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词;名词从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句;明白一下它们的属性;如:从句 that they failed the entrance examination在以下4句中做什么成分 . 1_made all of their parents surprised. 2They told their parents _. 3The
2、result is _. 4The news _surprised their parents. 以下四个句子中均可填入 that they failed the entrance examination这个从句,都成立;从上例不难看出,从本质上讲,这四 类句子的属性是相同的,即:都起名词作用,只不过称谓不同 ,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已;纵观历年高考名词从句试题,我们不难发觉对复合句的考查重在连词,名词从句也不例外,基本上是针对引导词设题;引导词的分类:1连接代词:what , who ,whom ,whose , which ,whatever, whoever, whichever 且
3、这些词在从句中担当主、 宾、表、定语 作用;2连接副词:why, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、缘由、方式、程度状语;whether , if 在从句中不充当成分,但整个句式中不行缺少,用以表达大事的不确定性;3that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词,但它只起连接作用,陈述某一事实,引导宾语从句时某些情形可以省略;针对如下情形,可进行对比:1_he will come to call on is uncertain . 2_he will come to call on us is uncertain. 3_ he will come to call on us m
4、akes us unhappy. 从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整,缺少 call on 的宾语,应加who; 其次句中表语为uncertain ,可知主语部分为未知信息,可加入 when, why ,how ,whether 等; 第三句表一种已知事实,应加入 that ;二that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情形 1that 在宾从中大多数情形下可以省略,在主、宾、表中不行省去;但留意以下宾从中 that 不行省;I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.介词后宾从中的 that不行省 whether
5、,if 宾语从句中可换用,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不行用 if;但留意在宾语从句中不能用 if 的情形:It all depends on whether they will support us. 从句作介词宾语时不行用 if He doesnt know whether to stay or not. (后直接跟不定式时,不能用 if)Please let me know if you like it.这句是有双重意思的,假如视为宾语从句,就应换为 whether.否就就引起歧义;三从句的区分 1He tells me his idea _we reduce the cost
6、. 2We are discussing the idea_he came up with yesterday. 第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明,是同位语从句,而其次句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语,缺少引导定从的关系代词 that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词;四分类复习中应留意的问题:1.在主语从句中it 的使用 That he will come to the party is certain;表意上并没有错误,但实际上并不太符合用语习惯, 因此采纳it 作形式主语,使句 式平稳;It is certain th
7、at he will come to the party. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 同样道理,it 也可用作形式宾语;2宾语从句中的情形 1)时态的呼应问题;2)特别句式:动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式 主语+should +原形动词,should也可省;He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.建议 但留意:What he said suggest
8、ed that he had known the truth.说明 同样,insist He insisted that we do it at once.坚持要做 He insisted that he had done nothing wrong. 坚持说一种事实 wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态;I wish that there were no examinations in school. How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school. 3. whatever 与no matter what It is
9、generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsAwhatever Bno matter what Cwhenever Dno matter when 此题应选A;简洁误选B;选项C,D明显是错的,由于句中的 wants缺宾语,而C,D两项不能作宾语;至于 C,D的区分,可这样描述:no matter what只能引导状语从句,而不引导名词性从句;而whatever既可引导名词性从句(anything that),也可引导状语从句( no matter what):1引导名词性从句(只用whatever):无论他做什么都
10、是对的;正:Whatever he did was right误:No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么;正:Goats eat whatever they find误:Goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句(两者可换用):无论你说什么,我都不会信任你;正:Whatever you say,I wont believe you正:No matter what you say ,I wont believe you无论发生什么,都要保持镇静;正:Keep calm,whatever happens 正:Kee
11、p calm,no matter what happens4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的 what, that I think _ he needs is more practiceYes _ he needs more practice is clearAwhat,What Bthat,That Cwhat,That Dthat, What 此题应选C;其余三项均可能被误选; What和that都可以引导名词性从句,但有区分:1what引导名词从句时,它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等),而 that引导名词从句时,它在从句中不能充当句 子成分;2what引导名词从句时,它有词义(表示:
12、什么;所 的东西);而that引导名词从句时,它没有词义;请做以下试题,留意区分 what和that:1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told usAWhat ,what BThat,that CWhat,that DThat,what 2I think he said is trueBut dont forget the fact _ he is a cheatAwhat,what Bthat,that Cwhat ,that Dthat,what 3 _ surprised us most is _ he spoke Englis
13、h so well 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - AWhat ,what BThat,that CWhat,that DThat,what 答案:1C 2C 3C 5.引导名词从句的whether 与that _ well go camping tomorrow depenps on the weather AIf BWhether CThat DWhen 此题应选B;简洁误选A,C;1关于if与whether:两者都可引导宾语从句,常可换用;但如引导主语从句,就用 whether(不用if),排除A;又如:他
14、是否会来仍是个问题;误:If he will come is a question正:Whether he will come is a question 2关于whether和that:两者都可引导主语从句, 其区分主要应从句意来考虑:whether表示“是否”,由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的; that引导主语从句时,本身没有词义( that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义),但是由 that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的;试比较:1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议,这已打算了;bWhether well hold a
15、meeting is not decided我们是否要开一个会,这仍没有打算;2aThat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿,这点很清晰;bWhether he has left here is not clear他是否已离开这儿,这仍不清晰;3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clearbwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question6.引导名词性从句的 what _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone pres
16、ent AWhat BThe CIf DWhether 此题应选A;选项C(if)明显不能选,由于if通常不能引导主语从句; 选项B(that)和D(whether)虽然都可以引导主语从句,但两者除了意思不合题意外,仍有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分,而此句中的 he said缺宾语;在名词性从句中, what依据情形不同,可能有两方面的用法和意思:1用作连接代词,表示“什么”(由疑问词变来):I dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么;What he will say at the meeting is not known to us他在会上将说些什么,我
17、们仍不知道;2表示“所 的(东西)”,在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句(所以有人称这样用的 what为关系代词型的what):把你买的东西拿给我看; Show me what you bought Show me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西; This is what he wantsThis is the thing that he wants我们需要的是钱;What we need is money The thing that we need is money高考题选1. These photographs will show you . ME
18、T89A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. bow our village looks like 2. Can you make sure the gold ring. MET90 A. where Mice had put B. where had Mice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,
19、 _ _. MET90 A. won t we B. will we C. don t we D. shall we 4. Don t smoke in the meeting-room, . MET91 A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother. MET91 -I dont know . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.I dont care also 6. O
20、n Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. MET91 A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 第 3 页,共 19 页7. No one will be sure in a million years. MET91 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. what will man look like B. what man will look like C. man
21、will look like what D. what look will man like 8. He asked for the violin. NMET92 A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 9. Be sure to write to us, . NMET93 A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 10. it with me and Ill see what I can do. NMET98 A
22、. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 11. youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. NMET99 A. Now that B. after C. Although D. As soon as 12. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. NMET99 -Is that you had a few days off. A. why B. when C. what D. where 13. You shou
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