2022年高中英语语法-名词S .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载一、名词的分类专有名词举例：China, Beijing, the Yellow River, Tom, Red Cross，English, Snow White, January, Monday, Women s day. 专有名词的第一个字母一般都需要大写，也可以将所有字母都大写。二、名词的数：可数与不可数1.可数名词：可以分成单个个体可以直接用具体数字来计数有复数形式（1）可数名词的复数：一般情况直接在结尾加s Eg: student-students, apple-apples 以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es Eg: bus-buses, box-bo

2、xes, brush-brushes, peach-peaches 以 f, fe结尾的名词，把f, fe变“v”加“ es”Eg: leaf- leaves, knife-knives 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，把“ y”变“ i”加“ es”Eg: city- cities, baby-babies 注：monkey- monkeys, boy-boys CrossRed，China，KongHong专有名 词：book，student：个体名 词people，police，family：集体名 词可数名 词tea，air，cotton：物质质 名news，happiness， work：

3、抽象名 词不可数名 词普通名 词名词名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载以 o 结尾的Eg: potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes Photo-photos, radio- radios, piano-pianos 不规则变化mouse-mice, ox-oxen, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth

4、, foot-feet, medium-media, phenomenon-phenomena （2）单复数形式意义不同的词experience( )-experiences( ) glass ( )-glasses ( ) paper ( )-papers ( ) sand ( )-sands ( ) wood ( )-woods ( ) work ( )-woks ( ) custom ( )-customs ( ) manner ( )-manners ( ) （3）表示复数概念的名词，如people 人们police 警察谓语动词只能用复数形式cattle 牲口Population,

5、表示“人口”谓语动词用单数，表示“人们”时谓语动词用复数2.不可数名词：不可以分成单个个体不可以直接用具体数字来计数没有复数形式，只可以用量词来修饰Eg: water, air (1) 表示“一个”时a bottle of water, a cup of tea, a bag of rice, a piece of paper, a bar of chocolate (2) 表示“几个”时或者“许多”时，将量词变复数two bottles of water, five bags of rice, some pieces of paper 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -

6、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载注意：不能完全凭汉语的感觉去分类，如： 同样为 “ 建议 ” ， advice 是不可数名词， 而 suggestion却是可数名词。如：a piece of advice, 三、名词的转化1 抽象名词一般为不可数名词，但是在有些情况下可以转换为可数名词，且词义发生变化，这种情况叫抽象名词具体化：表示具体的人或事。如：抽象名词 (不可数 ) 具体化 (个体名词，可数名词) in surprise 惊讶地a surpri

7、se 一件令人惊讶的事win success 获得成功a success 一个 (件)成功的人 (事) win honor 赢得荣誉an honor 一个 (件)引以为荣的人(事) Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 . a failure 一个 (件)失败的人 (事 ) have pity on sb. 怜悯某人a pity 可惜的事情with pleasure 乐意a pleasure 乐事注意： 有些抽象名词不能具体化使用，即使有形容词修饰，也不能和不定冠词连用。这类名词有： fun ，advice ，information，health,

8、progress, wealth, news, weather，homework等。2 物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：(1) 物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。some coffee 一些咖啡a coffee 一杯咖啡some drink 一些饮料a drink 一杯饮料his hair 他的头发a few white hairs 几根白发glass 玻璃a glass 一只玻璃杯(2) 物质名词有形容词修饰时，表示“一场”“一次”“一阵”等 , 前面要使用不定冠词。Eg. They had plenty of rain last month in

9、their area.What a heavy rain！名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night. have breakfast have a

10、 wonderful breakfast 3 有复数形式的不可数名词(1) 有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。如：use ones brains meet with difficulties make preparations in high spirits good manners Many thanks. No pains ，no gains. congratulations possessions surroundings (2) 有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：burst into tears 大哭起来miles of go

11、lden sands 绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩burn to ashes 烧成灰烬五、名词作定语名词作定语是指用一个名词修饰另一个名词，可归为以下几类：表示时间 evening dress，evening paper 表示地点 country music, city life 表示用途 fire escape, coffee cup 表示种类office work 表示内容 body language 表示物质组成stone wall, paper money 注意：1 名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化。如：two pencil- boxes, girl frie

12、nds 但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式，如：sports shoes 运动鞋名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载clothes shops 服装店a sales girl女销售员a greetings card 贺卡a customs officer 海关人员2 man 和 woman 作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化。a man doctormen doctors; a woman engine

13、erwomen engineers 3 名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。the girl friend女朋友 the girls friend那位女孩的朋友the woman driver女司机 the womans driver那位妇女的司机4 名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别。名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象； 形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。gold watch金表；golden sunshine金色的阳光heart trouble心脏病； hearty welcome热忱的欢迎四、名词的格1 s 所有格（1）主要用于表示有生命的东西Eg. Tom s bike, the gi

14、rls bag (2) 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight, (3) 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earths plant, the worlds population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。(3) 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house 等名词。如：the tailors 裁缝店， the barbers理发店， go to the doctors上诊所。s 所有格的

15、位置单数名词后Eg. the girls bag 以-s 结尾的复数名词后the students books 词组的最后一个词的词尾an hour and a halfs walk 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Lily and Lucys room表示分别所有时，放于每个词的词尾Lily s and Jacks rooms 2 of 所有格 : 含义：主要用于表示无生命的事物基本形式： t

16、he+ 所有物+ of + （this, that, my/her）+无生命之物the door of the house the title of the novel 此外 of 所有格还可以表示同位关系，如the city of Jinan. 3.双重所有格 : 含义：表示部分概念， 特点是： 一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词，如 a, two, some, any,several,few, no,many Eg. a friend of my fathers 不能用定冠词the 表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩，特点是饰的名词前通常有指示代词this/ that /these/tho

17、se, 但不能用 the 。如：That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表赞赏) I dislike those words of Toms.（表示厌恶 ) 五、名词在具体语境中的辨析由于现在的高考越来越注重在语境中考查词汇的使用能力，因此在语境中对名词进行辨析使用已成为单项填空和完形填空对名词的热点考查项目。如：1 2010天津卷 James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television. Aroom Barea Cfie

18、ld Dposition 22010安徽卷 I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl， and she has changed beyond . Ahearing Bstrength Crecognition Dmeasure 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1. 【误】There is fierce competition between t

19、he three shoes shops in the street. 【正】2 【误】He works in a child hospital. 【正】3 这位经理有良好的商业意识，因此公司经营良好。【误】The manager has got a good business idea, so the company is doing well. 【正】1 Dont be so naughty! Be your _. Got it. Amanners Bage Cbehavior Dpoliteness 2 How can I use this MP5? Well, just refer t

20、o the _. Adirections Bexplanations Cexpressions Dintroductions 3 In Rome, its a common _ to have a shot of espresso after breakfast. Apractice Btaste Csense Dcustoms 4The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _. Aatmosphere Bstate Csituation Dphenomenon 5 Hi，this way, plea

21、se. OK. I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroads. Aposition Bdirection Csituation Dcondition 6 Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. Aintention Battempt Cpurpose Ddesire 7 Mr. Brown thought it would be

22、a good idea to have _ from his workers 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载to improve his plan. Asummaries Benquiries Ccomments Dconnections 8 Dont try to persuade your boss，and he wont have the _ of employing mea fresh

23、 student. Aintention Battention Csense Dattraction 9 Whats the _ having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? Asense Bmatter Ccase Dopinion 10 I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale；it was a real _. Aexchange Bbargain C trade Dbusiness 11 If you a

24、sk why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a (n) _ for me. Apuzzle Badvantage Cchallenge Daverage 12Shall we go out for a walk? Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. Amoment Bsituation Cplace Dchance 13 To make members of a team perform b

25、etter, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. Astrengths Bbenefits Ctechniques Dvalues 14 It is well known to us all that in China pigeons stand for peace. However, in India the wheel in its national flag is also a _ of peace. Aexample Bsign Cmark Dsymbol 15One thousand dollars

26、 a month is not a fortune but will help cover my living _. Abills Bexpenses Cprices Dcharges 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -