2022年高考英语语法归纳总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语语法权威解析 目录 : 第 01 章 名词性从句 第 02 章 “ It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 第 04 章 主谓一样 第 05 章 动词不定式 第 06 章 倒装结构 第 07 章 定语从句 第 08 章 被动语态 第 09 章 祈使句 第 10 章 感叹句 第 11 章 疑问句 第 12 章 名词 第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句Noun Clauses）； 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句

2、中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替,而本身放在句子末尾；1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平稳句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that；被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom ；例如：a It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；b It

3、 doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感爱好；c It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的；（强调句型）d It is John that broke the window. 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 1 It is 名词 从句是 John 打碎的窗户； （强调句型）It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识2 It is 形容

4、词 从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that古怪的是3 It is 不及物动词 从句第 1 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It seems that似乎It happened that碰巧It appears that似乎4 It 过去分词 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that已证明It is said that据说3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1）if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句

5、句首；（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达： That he failed

6、in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is that will rain in the ev

7、ening likely. 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而 that 就不然；例如：a What you said yesterday is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后；1. 作动词的宾语1 由 that 引导的宾语从句that 通常可以省略 , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了；2

8、由 what, whether if 引导的宾语从句,例如：a She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么；b I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改 一下笔记；3 动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.第 2 页 共 46 页她对我说她会接受我的邀请；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. 作介词的

9、宾语,例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决 于我们之间的合作；3. 作形容词的宾语,例如：I am afraid that I ve made a mistake.我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误；留意： that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed,

10、 disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 句；4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：that 从句的看作缘由状语从that 从句就放在句尾,We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了；5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词 这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire

11、, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用 that 引导的宾语 从句；如：正确表达： I admire their winning the match. 错误表达： I admire that they won the match. 6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“ 动词间接宾语that 从句“ 结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, ad

12、vise, congratulate 等；例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移如主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式；例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这

13、件衣服不适合你穿；三. 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后, 一般结构是 “ 主语连系动词表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等； 引导表语从句的 that the reason is that和 It is because 等结构；例如：常可省略；另外,常用的仍有 1 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2 This is why we canhe support of the people. 3 Bu

14、t the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 第 3 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that 引导,例如：1 T he kings decision

15、that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开；例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分1 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主

16、语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；2 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国；）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语）2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的；）

17、（同位语从句, that 在句中不作任何成分）高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about C. had the quarrel come about B .the quarrel had come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy

18、is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea

19、 at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 第 4 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order

20、 came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the mee

21、ting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true. A. that B. what C. why D. whether t matter.12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnA. That B. Whether C. If D. Where 13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. whil

22、e B. if C. that D. for 14. ._more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of m y business. A. What B. That C. W

23、ho D. How 17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That 19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D.

24、hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where Keys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA 其次章“ It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解It 用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应赐予充分的重视,现将 it 用法归纳如下：一、 It 用作实词表达以下概念 :指代前文提到的事物,前文中的 this, that ；替代前文中的内容；指代一位第 5 页 共 46 页名师归纳总

25、结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、 天气、气 候、距离等自然现象 二、 It 用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名 词置于句尾；It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为 1 It be adj. for sb. to do sth. 此处 adj. 通常为描述大事的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, unlike

26、ly, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, possible, impossible, likely, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license. 2 It be adj. of sb. to do

27、 sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem. 3 It 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 Its no good/use doing Its wellworth doing Its wellworth ones while doing/t

28、o do Its wellworth while doing/ to do 例 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It 替代作主语的从句常见句型 1 It is + noun + 从句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. 2 It is adj. +clause Its surprising that should 竟然 Its a pity/shame that should 竟然 例 Its important that you sh

29、ould apologize to her for your rudeness.=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness. 3 It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例 It worried me that she d

30、rove so fast.= It was worrying that she drove so fast. 4 It verb to sb. that b/sth verb to do verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out 例 It so happened/chanced that they were out.= They happened/chanced to be out. 5 It is v- ed that =sb/s

31、 th is to do verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know ）It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.=The couple are said to have gotten 例 divorced. 第 6 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6 It is

32、v- ed that should verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、 It 作主语的句型 1. It takes sb. to do =sb takes to do 某人用多长时间做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.= The men took a week to mend our roof. 2. Its

33、justunlike sb. to do （不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was just like him to think of helping us. 3. Its about/high time that should /v-ed 是该做某事的时候了例 Itsabout/high time that we should take action. 4. Its the x-th time that have v-ed 第几次做某事了例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test. 了5. It is/has beens

34、ince continuous v-ed 连续性动词 某动作已有多长时间不发生例 Its 10 years that he lived here 6. It wasnot before 过 不了多长时间某动作发生了例 It was not long before they arrived. 四、 It 作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾；It 作形式宾语的常见句型：1. verb+ it+ adj./noun for/of to do/clause make, keep verb=think, believe, suppose,

35、 consider, feel, 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own. 2. verb+it+adj./noun ones doing adj.=useless/worth/worthwhilenoun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel

36、, make, keep that 例Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential should verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that should verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep 例I think it important that you

37、 should attendthe conference. 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause verb=accept, regard, take, see, view 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that owe it to sb. that 把 归功于leave it to sb that 把 留给某人去做take it for granted that 想当然keep it in

38、mind that 例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,特殊是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟 it 之后第 7 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例I hate it you can swim

39、 so well and I cant. 7. It 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟 例 Im for it that you will follow their advice. 五、强调句型it 之后（ except that 例外）It is/was+被强调部分 + thatwho 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分；当被强调部分是人时也可以用 who；在使用强调句型时需留意以下几点：1. 请留意强调句型的特殊疑问句例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity ？2. 在强调缘

40、由状语从句时,只能强调由 because所引导的从句例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday. 3. 在强调 not until 结构时必需把not 与 until 一起放到被强调的位置上例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 4. 留意强调句型与定语从句的区分例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday. 强调句型 It

41、was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday. 定语从句 六、 It 常用的固定搭配1. make it 1.在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、准时到达例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business. 2.在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示“ 商定好时间”例Shall we meet next week. OK. We just make it next Saturday. 2. as it is 1.相当于 in fact, in reality 表示“ 事

42、实上,实际情形是 ”例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week. 2.相当于方式状语从句,表示“ 照原样”例 Leave the table as it is. 3. as it were 相当于 as one might say, that is to say, 表示“ 也就是说,可以说,换句话说”例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes. 4. if it werent for /if it

43、 hadnt been for 用来引导虚拟语气, 相当于 without, or but for, 表示“ 假如不是 ,要不是 ”例 If it werent for Tom, I wouldnt be alive today. 5. thats it 1. 相当于 Thats all. Thats so much. 表示“ 至此为止,没有别的了”例 You can have one more sweet, and thats it. 2. 相当于 Thats right. 表示“ 对啦”例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A” Th

44、ats it. 6. catch it 在口语中,相当于 事而挨骂,受批判,受批判,受惩处”be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“ 因做错例 Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again. 第 8 页 共 46 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 46 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. have it 1.相当于 say, insist 表示“ 说,主见,说明,硬说”例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. 2.相当于 ge