2022年高考完形填空题专题辅导.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、主要考查点优秀教案欢迎下载高考英语完形填空题专题辅导（一）、固定搭配英语中的固定搭配种类繁多,包括各种固定短语、习惯用法等；如：“ But they are damage to our houses and shops of historical interests. ”Said John Norris, one of the protesters.NMET 99 第 30 题 A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 解析固定搭配 do damage to 意为“ 损害,破坏”；应选 A ；（

2、二）、词语辨析利用相像词语, 即选项中所给的四个词词性和意义相同或相近来设置选项；假如脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,此类题可能会有两个或两个以上的正确答案,但按语境分析, 就只有一个正确答案；这类题主要考查考生的词汇及运用才能,而且近年来占很大的比重；如：Finally I turned the key in the lock and _ the door open, with. NMET2000 第 40 题 A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried 解析既然是 turn the key,那么用 push the door open 才合理；应选 C；（三

3、）、语法学问这些语法学问可能包括从句引导词、主谓一样、 名词或代词的数或格、非谓语动词的用法、平行结构、倒装结构、强调句型、情态动词、虚拟语气、动词的基本时态及搭配等；但从近年的试题来看,单纯考查语法学问的题很少；例如：When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.（NMET 03第 37 题）A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析从we play 可知此题考查的是虚拟语气的用法；应选D；（四）、前后语境主要

4、考查考生结合全文结构和中心思想,依据常识或上下文供应的信息进行懂得、分析以及推理的才能；这种题型在高考完形填空中比例最大；通常以后制性设空为主；所谓后制性设空, 是指设空的答案由未读过的下文打算；假如设空的答案由已读过的上文打算,就为前制性设空； 需要综合上下文而定的答案,就为语篇性设空；完形填空的设空答案有的由一个句子打算, 有的由相邻不远的句子打算,仍有的就由语篇内容综合打算；因此语境型设空也可分为：（1）句子层次；（2）句组层次；（3）语篇层次；设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到语篇层次,依次递增；如 20XX 年完形填空题,句子层次设空为 5 个,句组层次设空为 6 个,语篇层次设

5、空为 9 个,语篇层次设空的比例超过了三分之一；又如,20XX 年NMET 完形填空题有 10 个小题需要考生逾越句子层次懂得和推断；这种设题方式表达了 “ 突出语篇” 的命题思路；如：It was one of the most _ and tiring games I ve ever had. NMET 03 第 36 题 A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 解析此题并非考查四个词的区分,而是考查对全文的懂得；此空为后制性设空,通过文中结尾的表达可推断 C 项为正确答案；（五）、行文规律有时, 选项中的四个词为表示上下文规

6、律关系的转换词语,它涉及文章的起承转合、上下连贯； 这类题主要考查考生对上下文规律关系的懂得,如转折关系、 让步关系、 因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等,并考查考生对转换词语的运用才能；如：My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _, at the point in our game when 名师归纳总结 I d predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor.NMET 03 第 48 题 第 1 页,共 13 页A After all

7、B. As a result C. Above all D. At last 解析此处有出人意料之意,且表示结果,故B 项符合行文规律；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载二、高考完形填空题稳中求变,近年也显现了一些新的变化；一词义辨析比重加大高考加强实词和上下文语境的考查,势必增加对同义词、近义词辨析的考查；如 20XX年有 5 个小题涉及到词义辨析；（二）短文用语更加真实高考完形填空题所用语言更加接近英美人的实际交际用语；生活中使用的非正式的、口语化的用语正在增多,不合语法规范的语言现象也有时显现；如20XX 年 NMET 完形填空

8、短文中就显现了这样的句子“you fool ” ,仍显现了一些口语化的语言“ Because you are so goddamned educated” , 其中 goddamned 为非正式口头语, 用来增强语气, 意为“ 很、很大” ；（三）副词考查相对集中 经讨论说明： even, ever, still, just, almost, already 等副词似乎备受高考命题者的青睐；大部分年份均对此点作过考查；1996 年： A. even B. still C. always D. almost 1998 年： A. yet B. even C. never D. just 2000

9、 年： A. yet B. only C. even D. still 20XX 年： A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably 20XX 年： A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet （四）排比结构多次重现高考完形填空短文中常常会显现一些排比结构和平行结构,子可大大提高我们的解题成效；请看下面两例；把握这些结构极为相像的句When she wants to be picked up, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finge

10、r when she wants to brush her teeth.（NMET 95）Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman. Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned.（NMET 96）（五）答案分布趋于均等1999 年（共 25 空） A （7）B（ 6）C（6）D（6）2000 年（共 20 空） A （5）B（ 4）C（5）D（6）20XX

11、 年（共 20 空） A （4）B（6）C（5）D（ 5）20XX 年（共 20 空） A （6）B（4）C（5）D（ 5）20XX 年（共 20 空） A （5）B（5）C（5）D（ 5）所以对于没有把握的题目,考生如是要猜的话,的选项,这样得分的可能性要大些；三、完形填空题有用破题技巧 高考完形填空题命制的心理学依据是“ 格式塔心理学”最好去猜那些已选答案较少,意为组织结构或整体；该心理学派认为： 人的心理现象最基本的特点是在意识体会中所显现的事物的结构性或整体性；所 以,在解答完形填空题时,必需第一通读全文,把握语篇的轮廓和话题；在把握语篇的解题 线索的基础上,再综合运用自己的语言学问、

12、词汇学问、语法学问以及文化背景等学问,利 用分析、判定、推理等手段,进而有效地解题；据此,介绍下面一些解题技巧；（一）、利用首句信息解题首句是一个完整的句子,它供应的信息是把握全文主旨的关键,可以帮忙我们判定全文大意甚至全文主题；【例】 The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out. Thomas Macaulay NMET 96 解析这是短文开头的一个引证；它用名人语录揭示主题；本句的意思是：衡量人真正本名师归纳总结 质的标准是当他知道无人能知晓时

13、,他的所作所为如何；实际上, 这是下面完形填空全文的第 2 页,共 13 页论点；下文紧接着用了4 段篇幅,以自己一次考试中的作弊为例,表达往事,结尾进行了评- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载价自觉性对于一个人的意义；假如能看懂开头所引语录,就能较快地领会全文的主旨；（二）、利用语法分析解题完形填空中考查语法项目的题目可以利用所学的语法结构、句式特点来解题；【例】51 do you suppose he asked for them.NMET 02 51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which 解析 do yo

14、u suppose为插入成分； “ he asked for them”是一个相对独立和完整的句子,因此空格处应当用副词How 来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What, Who 或 Which ；（三）、利用惯用法和词语辨析学问解题完形填空题中对词汇学问的考查,主要表达在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面；对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势；要做好这类题, 需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析才能,特殊是在特定的语境中能敏捷运用的才能；【例】 These days, only a few people continue to take the story of the Abom

15、inable Snowman 52 . But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: Would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel.NMET 01 52. A. lightly B. jokingly C. seriously D. properly 解析 这一段是对全文作出的一个小结,说明雪人的传奇流传至今,人们对其所持的态度；句中的“only a few people. ” 说明时至今日,仍“ 信其有” 的人已经很少了；与之对应

16、,应该用短语动词 take sth/sb seriously,表示“ 只有很少人把这传奇当真”；（四）、利用语篇标志解题语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等；语篇与语篇之间往往有说明其内在联系的词语,这些词语被称为 “ 语篇标志”；如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 等；表示规律关系的语篇标志语有 thus, therefore, so 等；表示转变话题的语篇标志语有 by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有 besides, what s more, further等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有bef

17、ore, so far, yet, meanwhile, later 等等；在做完形填空时,假如能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以快速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系；【例】 If the 24 -hour cycle is disturbed most people experience unpleasant feelings. For example, people who are not used to working at night can find that lack of sleep causes them to perform badly at work. 1 the daily

18、 cycle of sleeping and waking, we also have other cycles which last longer than one day. 1. A. With B. As well as C. Except D. Rather than 解析上一段讲的是一天的睡眠和工作的周期,文中的 also 和 other 是语篇标志语；必需用连词（五）、利用文化背景和生活常识解题下一段讲比一天连续时间更长的其他周期；as well as（和,又）连接两个同类事物；完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇,它以自身的内容供应完整的语篇信息,但其中有时渗透着相关的如文化科学、

19、历史地理、 风俗民情等方面的学问；高中生已经把握了丰富的文化背景学问和生活常识,具备了肯定的判定才能；在做题时, 如能积极地调动自己的文化背景和生活常识,奇妙地加以运用,特殊是留意中西方文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判定过程,节约时间,顺当地沿作者的思路阅读下去；【例】 Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks, which had been made 47 as they melted 融解 and refroze in the snow.NMET 01 47. A. strange

20、 B. large C. deep D. rough 解析依据常识判定,当这类 footprints melted and refroze in the snow 时,它们的确有可能会变得 strange, large, deep 或 rough=not smooth ；但在诸多特点里面,最能引起人们联想到雪人与一般动物的脚印不同之处是其“ 大”,而非其他；另外仍有这样一个常识：雪上较深的印痕经过融解和再次冻结后,会变得更大一些；应选 B；（六）、利用规律判定解题名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载

21、【例】 .and they said that they had even caught Yetis on two occasions though none has been produced as evidence（证据） .But, 50 , no evidence has ever actually been produced.NMET 0150. A. so B. besides C. again D. instead 解析用连词“But ” ,表示前文那位 Russian scientist 虽有说法,但无证据；由 evidence可追寻到其次段的末尾“none has been

22、produced as evidence” ,可判定是“ 再次否定”,该用副词 again；文章需要把前后所讲到的事物联系起来,因而必定用到各类篇章粘合手段,关联词的使用就是其一；（七）、利用示意和对应解题高考完形填空题,虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等,但对文章故事情节进展线索的规律考查仍是重点；示意与上下对应的思维方法,是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式；【例】Mr. Adamson enjoys playing the violin in his spare time. He is often carried away by his own 1 . But it is

23、 a 2 time for his neighbors when Mr. Adamson plays as he does so badly. One day Mr. Adamson sat by a 3 and began to play the violin as usual. Mr. Adamson seemed to be making 4 instead of music. But he was so 5 that he almost forgot what he was doing. Just then, some stones were thrown out of the win

24、dow under which Mr. Adamson was sitting. 1. A. violin B. music C. neighbors D. hands 2. A. terrible B. useless C. wonderful D. long 3. A. house B. door C. window D. wall 4. A. sound B. something C. noises D. voices 5. A. angry B. excited C. comfortable D. disappeared 解析 先不要急于下手,应通过上下文找出相关的示意；如原文中的划线

25、部分均是有用的示意； as he does so badly示意他的音乐令邻居很痛楚,故第2 空应选 A；carried away by his own.示意他总是自我沉醉,故第 5 空答案为 B；instead of music 说明他弹出的不是音乐,而是 noises,由于它使邻居 terrible ,故推出 1、4 两空的答案分别为 B、 C；而 the window示意了第 3 空的答案为 C；（八）、利用排除法解题解答完形填空题需要进行认真的阅读、懂得、 推理和判定, 需要对四个选项进行认真的辨别、分析；有时会遇到这样的情形,对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白,但发现其他选项有

26、显而易见的谬误；这时,可以尝试着用排除法；【例】 Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket, or turned over to the policeman. Should the 47 change received at the store be forgotten or returned. Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone y

27、ou respect.NMET9647. A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary 解析此题考查形容词的辨义；文中列举几个事例来说明我们每天都会做 personal decisions；本空缺就是一例：在商店购物时多找的 change（即 extra change）应当如何处理？假如对 extra 的用法和意义把握不好,可用排除法选出正确答案；其中选项 C、D 与命题明显不符,所以简单排除；选项 B 干扰性极强,需认真考虑；small change 意思是“ 零钱”,买东西找回零钱,为什么要遗忘forgotten 或归仍 returned 呢？明显规律不通,

28、所以此处用small 意思不妥,可以把B 项排除；剩下的选项A 自然就是此题的正确答案；（九）、利用排比结构解题试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相像这一角度,利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载【例】Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 51 for children to work at home in their fr

29、ee time. 52 , they argue that most teachers do not 53 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. 03 春上海试题 51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant 52. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly 解析该排比结构由 Ma

30、ny people think that.They say that.they argue that. 所组成；在意义上表现了人们 （同学家长） 对同学课业负担过重的埋怨；该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入,要求考生第一把握结构所表达的“ 主题” 埋怨作业太多；其次,要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系；即：作业过多“too much homework ” ；所以,课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary” ；不仅如此,老师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly ” ；故答案分别为A,D,C；（十）、利用词汇复现解题完形填空试题中,某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词、概

31、括词以及其它形式重复显现在语篇之中； 词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互连接和连贯,从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体；如：【例】 And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day. Since he was 44 in three days, Andy didn tt lose anytime. 03 全国春季题 44. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving 解析 可以很简单地找到设空部分的解题线索上文的复现

32、词汇leaving ；故答案为 D；（十一）、利用对比结构解题对比结构把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比；完形填空题常利用句子之间的对比关系或同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目；【例】 A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 03 春季上海试题 59. A. furnis

33、hed B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 解析该题利用相像短语之间的对比关系来命题；设空部分与下文的 a small, noisy room with the television on 存在对比关系；作者想借此说明“ 相同的作业” 对于“ 不同家庭背景的同学” 所表现出的事实上的不公正；答案为 四、完形填空高考押题 高考押题题型一：词义辨析型C；The following is a true story. It shows that potential （可能性,潜力） discovered may lead to success. 名师归纳总结

34、 A young man traveled by train. As it was running across a 1 passengers looked out of 2 第 5 页,共 13 页idly and aimlessly. When the train came near a bend it 3 and then an unadorned （简单的）house came into 4 . It was so obvious 5 the deserted landscape that everybody on the train turned to “6 ” it with ey

35、es wide open. Some passengers7 began a discussion abut it. The young man was also 8 by the scene. On his return he 9 the train at the nearest station and found his 10 to the house. Its 11 told him that troubled by the 12 of the train he wanted to sell the house but 13 would buy it. Soon after the yo

36、ung man 14 thirty thousand dollars for the house, regarding it as a 15 site for advertisement. It was facing the railway 16 where the train had to slow down and the 17 passengers would cast their eyes at the house to 18 themselves. He managed to get 19 to big companies and tried his best to convince

37、 them of the - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - advantage of the place for 20 优秀教案欢迎下载 . Finally the CocaCola Company took a lease on（租用） it to put up promotion signs. The young man was paid 180 thousand for a three - year rent. 1. A. city B. station C. tunnel D. wilderness 2. A. windows B. house

38、s C. rooms D. planes 3. A. broke down B. turned down C. slowed down D. put down 4. A. being B. view C. use D. effect 5. A. against B. on C. for D. to 6. A. admire B. hear C. inspect D. see 7. A. ever B. even C. still D. yet 8. A. excited B. expressed C. shocked D. impressed 9. A. got in B. got out C

39、. got off D. put off 10. A. way B. path C. road D. means 11. A. loser B. employer C. boss D. owner 12. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. saying 13. A. nobody B. none C. nothing D. someone 14. A. cost B. paid C. spent D. took 15. A. favorable B. wrong C. best D. just 16. A. station B. track C. carriage D

40、. bend 17. A. tired B. excited C. moved D. delighted 18. A. express B. enjoy C. refresh D. seat 19. A. close B. access C. down D. up 20. A. promotion B. production C. sale D. advertisement 题型分析和解答此题侧重训练词义辨析才能；第3,4,10,12,13,14 题涉及词义辨析内容；本文通过一个详细的例子,说明白“ 发觉就是胜利之门” 的道理；1. D 要联系下文语境进行挑选；后文提到乘客们百无聊赖地望着窗外

41、,没有什么东西引起他们的爱好,可以判定火车正行驶在一片荒无人烟的山野之中；2. A 依据常识判定,乘客们正望着窗外；3. C 拐弯的时候,火车通常会减速；slow down 为“ 减速” 之意； break down 为“ 出故障,垮下来” 之意；turn down 为“ 拒绝,（声音）扭小” 之意；put down“ 放下,登记” 之意；4. B come into view 为固定短语“ 进入视野” 之意；come into being “ 产生,形成”；come into use “ 开头使用”； come into effect “ 开头生效” ；5. A 这座简单的房子本身并不引人注

42、目,但因背景太荒芜而使其凸现出来；against 在此是“ 和 相比,以 作衬托” 之意；6. A 眼睛张开,当然是为了“ 观赏” 荒野中的这一奇妙景观；7. B even 表示程度递进；8. D 从后面我们知道,看到这一景观年轻人动了心,他受到了某种启示；9. C 在返途中,他中途下车；10.A find one s way 有“ 不辞劳累找到” 之意；way 为一般用语,常可作比如用法,有“ 方法,抽象的路” 之意；path 指“ 小路” ；road 指通车宽广平整的公路；means“ 方式,手段”；11.D 很明显,这里指的是那座房子的主人；12.B 房子主人饱受火车噪声之苦,早就想卖掉

43、这座房子了；sound“ 声音” ,一般用语；noise指“ 噪声” ； voice 特指“ 人的嗓音”；13.A 但无人愿买； nobody 为“ 泛指” ；none （在特定范畴内特定的）无人或物；nothing 用于泛指物；14.B pay.for “ 买 付款” 之意；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载15.A 年轻人觉得这里做广告是再好不过的了；16.D 从后面的 slow down 可以看出,此处填bend 正确,前后存在因果关系；17.A 依据常识判定,长时间坐车人简单疲惫；18.C

44、 refresh oneself 是“ 使某人振作精神” 的意思；看到这沙漠中的绿洲,疲乏的乘客精神为之一振,做广告的成效确定不错；19.B get access to 意为“ 接近某人” 之意；20.D 前文有提示；高考押题题型二：语境示意型Many television programmes are very realistic. One who watches TV often 1 that whatever happened in the film could 2 happen to him. With only 3 imagination 想象力 , every man in the streets becomes a thief, 4 ,or a murderer（杀人犯）. Jane had been watching a spy（间谍） fil m at a friends house . In it, a young girl had been followed and murdered. She felt a li