2022年高分子物理课件词汇.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 加工类：名师整理优秀资源casting molding 铸塑成型单体浇铸monomer casting 加工processing 挤出extrusion 反应性加工reactive processing 共挤出co-extrusion 等离子体加工plasma processing 多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion 加工性processability 共挤吹塑co-extrusion blow molding 熔体流淌指数melt flow index 同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion 门尼粘度Moon

2、ey index 吹胀挤塑blown extrusion 塑化plasticizing 挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding 增塑作用plasticization 挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding 内增塑作用internal plasticization 反应性挤塑reactive extrusion 外增塑作用external plasticization 固相挤出solid-phase extrusion 增塑溶胶plastisol 发泡expanding foam 增强reinforcing 后发泡post expansion 增容作用c

3、ompatibilization 物理发泡physical foam 相容性compatibility 化学发泡chemical foam 相溶性intermiscibility 吹塑blow molding 生物相容性biocompatibility 多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding 血液相容性blood compatibility 拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding 组织相容性tissue compatibility 滚塑rotational moulding 混炼milling; mixing 反应注射成型reaction injection m

4、olding, RIM 素炼mastication 真空成型vacuum foaming 塑炼plastication 无压成型zero pressure molding 过炼dead milled 真空烧结vacuum sintering 橡胶协作rubber compounding 真空袋成型vacuum bag molding 共混blend 热成型thermal forming 捏合kneading 拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming 冷轧cold rolling 袋模塑bag molding 压延性calenderability 糊塑paste molding 压延

5、calendering 镶铸imbedding 埋置embedding 冲压成型impact molding 压片preforming 触压成型impression molding 模塑molding 层压材料laminate 模压成型compression molding 泡沫塑料成型foam molding 压缩成型compression forming 包模成型drape molding 冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 充气吹胀inflation 叠模压塑stack moulding 橡胶胶乳rubber latex 复合成型composite m

6、olding 高分子胶体polymer colloid 注射成型injection molding 生橡胶raw rubber, crude rubber 注塑压缩成型injection compression molding 硬质胶ebonite 射流注塑jet molding 再生胶reclaimed rubber 无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 充油橡胶oil-extended rubber 共注塑coinjection molding 母胶masterbatch 气辅注塑gas aided injection molding 交联crosslin

7、king 注塑焊接injection welding 固化cure 传递成型transfer molding 光固化photo-cure 树脂传递成型resin transfer molding 硫化vulcanization 铸塑cast 后硫化post cure, post vulcanization 熔铸fusion casting 自硫化bin cure 第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 自交联名师整理优秀资源uniaxial drawing, self crosslinking 单轴拉伸过硫over cu

8、re 双轴拉伸uniaxial elongation 返硫reversion biaxial drawing 欠硫under cure 多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing 动态硫化dynamic vulcanization 皮心效应skin and core effect 不匀称硫化heterogeneous vulcanization 皮层效应skin effect 开头效应set-up effect 防缩non-shrink 自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing 熟成ripening 焦烧scorching 垂挂sag 无压硫化non-pressur

9、e cure 定型sizing 模压硫化moulding curing 起球现象pilling effect 常温硫化auto-vulcanization 捻度twist 热硫化heat curing 旦denier 蒸汽硫化steam curing 特tex 微波硫化micro wave curing 纱yarn 辐射硫化radiation vulcanization 股strand 辐射交联radiation crosslinking 粘合adhesion 连续硫化continuous vulcanization 反应粘合reaction bonding 无模硫化open vulcaniz

10、ation 压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion 成纤fiber forming 底漆primer 可纺性spinnability 浸渍impregnation 纺丝spinning 浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin 干纺dry spinning 基体matrix 湿纺wet spinning 聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant 干施法纺丝dry wet spinning 高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant 干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning 预发颗粒pre-expanded 溶液纺丝

11、solution spinning 高分子模polymeric membrane 乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion spinning H-模H-film 喷射纺丝jet spinning LB 膜Langmuir Blodgett filmLB film 喷纺成型spray spinning 半透膜semipermeable membrane 液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane 熔纺melt spinning 多孔膜porous membrane 共混纺丝blended spinning 各向异性膜anisotropi

12、c membrane 凝胶纺丝gel spinning 正离子交换膜cationic exchange membrane 熔纺melt spinning 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 共混纺丝blended spinning 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent 凝胶纺丝gel spinning 添加剂additive 反应纺丝reaction spinning 固化剂curing agent 静电纺丝electrostatic spinning 潜固化剂latent curing agent 高压纺丝high-pressure spinning 硫

13、化剂vulcanization agent 复合纺丝conjugate spinning 给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 无纺布non-woven fabrics 硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator 单丝monofilament, monofil 硫化活化剂vulcanization activator 复丝multifilament 活化促进剂activating accelerator 全取向丝fully oriented yarn 活化剂activator 中空纤维hollow fiber 防焦剂scorch retard

14、er 皮芯纤维sheath core fiber 抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent 共纺co-spinning 塑解剂peptizer 冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching 偶联剂coupling agent 第 2 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 硅烷偶联剂名师整理优秀资源demulsifier silane coupling agent 破乳剂钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent 粘度改进剂viscosity modifier 铝酸酯偶联剂alum

15、inate coupling agent 增稠剂thickening agent, thickener 增强剂reinforcing agent 阻黏剂abhesive 增硬剂hardening agent 洗脱剂eluant 惰性填料inert filler 附聚剂agglomerating agent 增塑剂plasticizer 后处理剂after-treating agent 增粘剂tackifier 催干剂drier 增容剂compatibilizer 防结皮剂anti-skinning agent 增塑增容剂plasticizer extender 纺织品整理剂textile fi

16、nishing agent 分散剂dispersant agent 高物高化类：constitutional unit 结构掌握剂constitution controller 色料colorant 结构单元荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent 抗降解剂antidegradant 重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit 防老剂anti-aging agent 构型单元configurational unit 防臭氧剂antiozonant 立构重复单元stereorepeating unit 抗龟裂剂anticracking agent 立构

17、规整度tacticity 抗疲惫剂anti-fatigue agent 等规度isotacticity 抗微生物剂biocide 间同度syndiotacticity 防蚀剂antip-corrosion agent 无规度atacticity 光致抗蚀剂photoresist 嵌段block 防霉剂antiseptic 规整嵌段regular block 防腐剂rot resistor 非规整嵌段irregular block 防潮剂moisture proof agent 立构嵌段stereoblock 防臭剂re-odorant 有规立构嵌段isotactic block 抗氧剂anti

18、oxidant 无规立构嵌段atactic block 抗静电添加剂antistatic additive 单体单元monomeric unit 抗静电剂antistatic agent 二单元组diad 紫外线稳固剂ultraviolet stabilizer 三单元组triad 紫外光吸取剂ultraviolet absorber 四单元组tetrad 光稳固剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer 五单元组pentad 光屏蔽剂light screener 无规线团random coil 发泡剂foaming agent 自由连接链freely-jointer

19、 chain 物理发泡剂physical foaming agent 自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent 蠕虫状链worm-like chain 脱模剂releasing agent 柔性链flexible chain 内脱模剂internal releasing agent 链柔性chain flexibility 外脱模剂external releasing agent 刚性链rigid chain 阻燃剂flame retardant 链刚性chain rigidity 防火剂fire retardant 棒状链r

20、odlike chain 烧蚀剂ablator 集合aggregation 润滑剂lubricant 集合体aggregate 潮湿剂wetting agent 凝结、集合coalescence 隔离剂separant 链缠结chain entanglement 增韧剂toughening agent 凝结缠结cohesional entanglement 抗冲击改性剂impact modifier 物理缠结physical entanglement 消泡剂antifoaming agent 拓扑缠结topological entanglement 减阻剂drag reducer 凝结相con

21、densed phase 第 3 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 名师整理优秀资源凝结态condensed state 平稳溶胀equilibrium swelling 凝结过程condensing process 分子组装molecular assembly 临界集合浓度critical aggregation concentration 自组装self assembly 线团 -球粒转换coil-globule transition 微凝胶microgel 受限链confined chain 凝胶点gel point

22、 受限态confined state 可逆凝胶reversible gel 物理交联physical crosslinking 溶胶 -凝胶转化sol-gel transformation 统计线团statistical coil 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 等效链equivalent chain 组成非均一性constitutional heterogeneity, 统计链段statistical segment compositional heterogeneity 链段chain segment 摩尔质量平均molar mass averag

23、e 链构象chain conformation 数均分子量number-average molecular 无规线团模型random coil model weight 无规行走模型random walk model 重 均分 子量weight-average molecular 自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model weight 卷曲构象coiled conformation Z-均分子量Z-average molecular weight 高斯链Gaussian chain 黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular 无扰尺寸unpertu

24、rbed dimension 表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass 扰动尺寸perturbed dimension 表观分子量apparent molecular weight 热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent 聚合度degree of polymerization sphere 动力学链长kinetic chain length 近 程 分 子 内 相 互 作 用short-range intramolecular 单分散性monodispersity interaction 临界分子量critical molecular weight 分子

25、量分布molecular weight distribution 远 程 分 子 内 相 互 作 用long-range intramolecular interaction 多分散性指数polydispersity index 平均聚合度average degree of polymerization 链间相互作用interchain interaction 链间距interchain spacing 质量分布函数mass distribution function 长程有序long range order 数量分布函数number distribution function 近程有序sho

26、rt range order 重量分布函数weight distribution function 回转半径radius of gyration 舒尔茨 -齐姆分布Schulz-zimm distribution 末端间矢量end-to-end vector 最概然分布most probable distribution 链末端chain end 对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 末端距end-to-end distance 聚合物溶液polymer solution 无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance 聚合物 -

27、溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction 均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent 伸直长度contour length 均方末端距mean square end to end distance 相关长度persistence length 均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration 主链；链骨架chain backbone 良溶剂good solvent 支链branch chain 不良溶剂poor solven

28、t 链支化chain branching 位力系数Virial coefficient 短支链short-chain branch 排除体积excluded volume 长支链long-chain branch 溶胀因子expansion factor 支化系数branching index 溶胀度degree of swelling 支化密度branching density 弗洛里 -哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory 支化度degree of branching 哈金斯公式Huggins equation 交联度degree of crosslinking 哈金斯系数H

29、uggins coefficient 网络network 溶度参数solubility parameter 网络密度network density 摩擦系数frictional coefficient 溶胀swelling 流体力学体积hydrodynamically equivalent sphere 第 4 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 名师整理优秀资源molecular weight exclusion limit 珠-棒模型bead-rod model 分子量排除极限棒-簧链模型ball-spring mode

30、l 洗脱体积elution volume 流淌双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 普适标定universal calibration 动态光散射dynamic light scattering 加宽函数spreading function 小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering 链轴chain axis 沉降平稳sedimentation equilibrium 等同周期identity period 沉降系数sedimentation coefficient 链重复距离chain repeati

31、ng distance 沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method 晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period 沉降平稳法sedimentation equilibrium method 构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 相对黏度relative viscosity 几何等效geometrical equivalence 相对黏度增量relative viscosity 螺旋链helix chain 黏度比viscosity ratio 构型无序configurational disorder 黏数viscosit

32、y number 链取向无序chain orientational disorder 乌 式 稀 释 黏 度 计Ubbelohde dilution 构象无序conformational disorder 锯齿链zigzag chain viscometer 双螺旋double stranded helix 毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer 落球黏度计ball viscometer 分子链大尺度取向global chain orientation 落球黏度ball viscosity 结晶聚合物crystalline polymer 本体黏度bulk viscosity 半

33、结晶聚合物semi-crystalline 比浓黏度reduced viscosity 高分子晶体polymer crystal 比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic 高分子微晶polymer crystallite viscosity number 结晶度degree of crystallinity 高分子同晶现象macromolecular isomorphosm 特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 聚合物外形学morphology of polymer 片晶lamella, lame

34、llar crystal 黏度函数viscosity function 零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity 轴晶axialite 端基分析analysis of end group 树枝晶体dendrite 蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO 纤维晶fibrous crystal 辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of 串晶结构shish-kebab structure radiation 球晶spherulite 折叠链folded chain 折光指数增量refractive index inc

35、rement 瑞利比Rayleigh ratio 链折叠chain folding 超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio 折叠表面fold surface 粒子散射函数particle scattering function 折叠面fold plane 粒子散射因子particle scattering factor 折叠微区fold domain 齐姆图Zimm plot 相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering 插线板模型switchboard model 解偏振作用depolarizatio

36、n 缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 分级fractionation 折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 沉淀分级precipitation fractionation 平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 萃取分级extraction fractionation 舒展链晶体extended-chain crystal 色谱分级chromatographic fractionation 球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 柱分级column fractionation 长周期long period 洗脱分级elutio

37、n fractionation 近程结构short-range structure 热分级thermal fractionation 远程结构long-range structure 凝胶色谱法gel chromatography 成核作用nucleation 摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit 分子成核作用molecular nucleation 溶 剂 梯 度 洗 脱 色 谱 法solvent gradient elution 阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation chromatography 主结晶primary crystallization 第

38、 5 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 名师整理优秀资源draw ratio, extension ratio 后期结晶secondary crystallization 拉伸比外延结晶,附生结晶epitaxial crystallization 泊松比Poisson ratio 外延晶体生长,附生晶体生长epitaxial growth 杨氏模量Young s modulus 织构texture 本体模量bulk modulus 液晶态liquid crystal state 剪切模量shear modulus 溶致性液

39、晶lyotopic liquid crystal 法向应力normal stress 热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal 剪切应力shear stress 热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism 剪切应变shear strain 近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal 屈服yielding 近晶中介相smectic mesophase 颈缩现象necking 近晶相smectic phase 屈服应力yield stress 条带织构banded texture 屈服应变yield strain 环带球晶ringed sphe

40、rulite 脆性断裂brittle fracture 向列相nematic phase 脆性开裂brittle cracking 盘状相discotic phase 脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition 解取向disorientation 脆化温度brittleness temperature 分聚segregation 延性破裂ductile fracture 非晶相amorphous orientation 冲击强度impact strength 非晶区amorphous orientation 拉伸强度tensile strength 非晶态amorphous

41、 state 极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength 非晶取向amorphous orientation 抗撕强度tearing strength 链段运动segmental motion 弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 亚稳态metastable state 弯曲模量bending modulus 相分别phase separation 弯曲应变bending strain 亚稳相分别spinodal decomposition 弯曲应力bending stress 微相miscibility 收缩开裂shrinkage

42、 crack 界面相boundary phase 剪切强度shear strength 相容性compatibility 剥离强度peeling strength 混溶性miscibility 疲惫强度fatigue strength 不相容性incompatibility 挠曲deflection 不混溶性immiscibility 压缩强度compressive strength 增容作用compatibilization 压缩永久变形compressive set 最低临界共溶温度lower critical solution temperature 压缩变形compressive deformation 最高临界