2022年高考英语非谓语动词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载扶弱资料（六）非 谓 语 动 词所谓非谓语动词, 就是指它们 不能在句子中单独作谓语；但它们又具有动词的特点,即可以有宾语 （如果是及物动词的话） 、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的规律主语；同时,它们又具出名词的某些特点,即 它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语；一、动词不定式 : 动词不定式（时态与语态） ：一般式主 动 式被 动 式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing1. 作主语 : To say something is one

2、 thing, to do it is another. 2. 作表语 : My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately . 3. 作宾语 : He decided to buy a computer.4. 作宾语补足语 : Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.注：在 let, make, see, notice, hear 等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去 everybody_laugh. 但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式就要加上 to. to. 如: He made a fac

3、e and made 如: We are made _write a composition every week by the teacher. 5. 作定语 : He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.注：当显现 the first / second / last / only /best 时,常跟不定式作定语 He was the first man _ get to school this morning. 6. 不定式作状语 : To see what would happen, we stayed there. ）二、分词（ 现在分词

4、和 过去分词（一） V-ing 形式（时态与语态） ：主 动 式t go to school. 被 动 式一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 1._ be poor, he couldn 2.We are interested in _ play chess. 3.The question _ discuss now is important. 4.The boy was afraid of _ leave alone at home. 5._ work in the country for three years, he k

5、new how to grow vegetables. 注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）规章的： V-ed ；不规章的（记不规章动词表）1. The boy went home with his homework _ finish. 2. _ see from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区分：现在分词 表示的意义是 主动 的, 进行 的： the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）过去分词 表示的意义是 被动

6、 的, 完成 的： the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）名师归纳总结 1. 作表语 : The news is very exciting. / / They are very excited at the news. 第 1 页,共 5 页2. 作定语 : Dont disturb the sleeping child. The arrested thief will be sentenced soon. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载3. 作宾补 : He likes to sit

7、on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted. 注： 有些动词如 see, hear, feel, notice, watch 等既可跟现在分词,也可跟不带 to 的不定式作复合宾语；它们的区分在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我观察孩子在爬墙；I saw the boys climb the wall . 我观察孩子爬墙了；4. 作状语 : They stood there waitin

8、g for the busHearing the knock on the door , they stopped talking. Asked to work overtime that evening , I missed a wonderful film. Compare: 1. _ follow the old man, we went upstairs 2. _ follow by the old man, we went upstairs. 三、 动名词 （V-ing）1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示常常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示详细的动作；如：Seeing is

9、believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps. 注：在 “ It is no use good” 等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“ it”It is no use quarreling with her . / Is it worthwhile trying again. 2. 作宾语 在 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词作宾语,假如出名词或代词作宾语,就构成“allow advise forbid permit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）” 之形式；如：We dont allow_ smoke here We

10、dont allow anybody _ smoke here 3. 作介词宾语Have you got used to working on the night shift （值班） . Children are fond of reading detective stories. 注某些习惯用法中,常省略介词,仅保留动名词He is busy in preparing a report . They spent a lot of time in making preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble in finding his house

11、. 非 谓 语 动 词 需要留意的几个问题 : （一）、不定式的规律主语一般的结构为 for+ 名词 +不定式,如：It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. I found it impossible _ him to do the job alone. 但在表示人物性格,特点等的形容词后 kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise,常用 of 引出不定式的规律主语,如：It was wise of him to do t

12、hat. It was very brave _ him to catch the thief. （二）、 不定式的主动式仍是被动式 作定语时,当句中显现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式I have a meeting to attend. The teacher gave John a book to read, 如不定式动作执行者不是上述情形,而是其他人,用被动态：Here are the clothes to be washed （三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大名师归纳总结 如； a remember to do （记住要做某事）, , re

13、member doing（记得曾做过某事）第 2 页,共 5 页b forget to do （遗忘要做某事）, forget doing （遗忘曾做过某事）c regret to do （因要做某事感到担心）regret doing（因做了某事感到懊悔）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载（四）、分词做表语有两种情形,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区分是考试中 常常考到的地方；一般来说,凡表示“ 令人 的” 都是-ing 形式,凡是表示“ 感到 ” 都用-ed 形式；这类词常见的有：interesting 令人感爱

14、好的-interested 感到好玩的；exciting 令人兴奋的-excited 感到兴奋的delighting 令人兴奋的-delighted 感到兴奋的；disappointing 令人扫兴的-disappointed 感到扫兴的（五）、admit, advise, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest 等动词以及全部带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语；The boy was lucky eno

15、ugh to escape being punished. （六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的 to 是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式；1 Im looking forward to seeing you again. 2 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor chi

16、ldren. （七）、主动形式表示被动意义 动词 want, need, require 后作宾语的动名词的主动形式；这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有规律上 的动宾关系；例：The TV set wants / needs / requires fixing. = The TV set wants / needs / requires to be fixed. 形容词 worth 后接的 v -ing 的主动形式；例：The film is worth seeing.某些作表语的形容词（如 easy, difficult, hard 等）后接的不定式主动形式；例：This question is

17、 easy to answer.（ To answer this question is easy.）语法填空- 高考真题回忆（一）、全国卷：真题再练：在以下各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由；1.2022 卷 I68 Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers _ conduct by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2.2022 卷 I 70 Abercrombie & Kent,

18、a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 3.2022 卷 II61 The adobe dwellings 土坯房 _ build by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by4.2022 卷 II 64 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the ado

19、be dwellings admirable is their ability to “ air condition ”a house without _ use electric equipment. 5.2022 卷 II 66 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ cool the house during the hot day. 6.2022 卷 I65 But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a

20、 few months. It took years of work _ reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. 7.2022 卷 I68 While there are _ amaze stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 8.2022 卷 II 41 One morning

21、, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ be late for school. 9.2022 卷 II 43 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ disappoint. 10.2022 卷 II46 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _stop until we reached the ne

22、xt stop. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载语法填空- 强 化 训 练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ think that all children like these things. 05 全国二 2. _ face with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for ad

23、vice.（05 北京春招）I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ go on.（05 北京）3.4. With everything he needed _ buy, he left the supermarket. 5. With too much work _ do , I cant go out with you. 6. The building _ build now will be a restaurant. 7. The building _ build next year will be a restaurant. 8. T

24、he building _ build last year is a restaurant. 9. Dont sit there_ do nothing. Come and help me with this table. 10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to _ receive in time for Christmas. 11. Lessons _learn in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 12. Fishing is his favor

25、ite hobby, and _ collect coins also gives him great pleasure. 13. Eugene is never willing to change his mind. Its no use _ argue with him. 14. He was the only foreigner _ get such an honor yesterday. 15. I cant stand _work with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ stop talking while she works

26、. 短文错误- 高考真题回忆1. 2022 新课标卷 II After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that 2. 2022 新课标卷 II Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. 3.2022 新课标卷 My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys

27、 to last. My attitude changed from then on. 短文错误 - 强 化 训 练（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （全国卷）（2） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. （全国卷）（3） I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. （全国卷）（4

28、） Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. （全国卷）（5） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （全国卷）（6） The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. （7） you pa

29、y the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. （全国卷）（8） and let you to know when the book you want has returned （全国卷）名师归纳总结 （9） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. （全国卷）第 4 页,共 5 页（10） I had always wanted return to the village after moving awa

30、y. （全国卷）（11） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（全国卷）（12） I look forward to hear from you soon. （全国卷）（13） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of . （全国卷）（14） I was often a little tired after a day s work

31、and watch TV demands very little effort. （全国卷）（15） Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. （北京春季卷）（16） Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. （北京春季卷）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语辅导-基础篇名师精编欢迎下载参 考 答 案一、动词不定式 : 4. 如, laugh如, to write 5. to get

32、left 5. Having worked 二、分词（一）V-ing 形式1. Being poor 2. playing 3. being disscussed 4. being 5. to cool （二）过去分词finished Seen 4. 作状语1. Following 2. Followed三、 动名词2. smoking; to smoke需要留意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的规律主语for语法填空- 高考真题回忆（一）、全国卷： 1. conducted 2. living 3. built 4. using 6. to reduce 7. amazing 8. being 9

33、. disappointed 10. to stop 语法填空- 强 化 训 练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. thinking 2. Faced 3. going 4. bought 5. to do 6. being built 7. to be built 8. built 9. doing 10. be received 11. learnt / learned 12. collecting 13. arguing 14. to get 15. working ; 短文错误- 高考真题回忆1. 把 looks 改为 looking 2. 把 Have 改为 Having 3. 把

34、 to 去掉短文错误 - 强 化 训 练（1）（wanted 后加 to,由于 want 后要接不定式）（全国卷）（2）（leading 改为 lead,由于其前有助动词 would ） （全国卷）（3）（stood 改为 stand,由于 to stand up 在此为不定式结构）（全国卷）（4）（climbed 改为 climb / climbing ,如将 as well as 视为连词,就将 climbed 改为 climb ,由于它与其前的 do 并列；如将 as well as 视为介词,就 climbing ,由于介词后动词用动名词）（全国卷）（5）（去掉 live 前的 to,

35、由于 live 与其前的 know , have 并列）（全国卷）（6）（improve 前加 to,to improve 为表目的的不定式短语）（全国卷）（7）（send 改为 sending,由于介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（8）（去掉 know 前的 to,由于其前有动词 let） （全国卷）（9）（have 改为 having,由于介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（10）return 前加 to,由于 want 后要接不定式）（全国卷）（11）（ drove 改为 drive ,由于 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列,此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式）（全国卷）名师归纳总结 （12）（hear 改为 hearing,由于其前的to 是介词）（全国卷）spend 有关）第 5 页,共 5 页（13）（第一个 play 改为 playing ,由于动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（14）（watch 改为watching,由于动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（15）（come 前加 to,由于would like 后接不定式）（北京春季卷）（16）（prepare 改为 preparing,由于它与其前的reading 并列,与其前所用的动词- - - - - - -