2022年高考英语一轮复习语法专题第三部分句法篇专题特殊句式素材外研.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载专题 4 特别句式 主谓一样的核心考点1就近一样原就1 由 or ,not only.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.,whether.or.,not.but. 等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常依据就近一样原就,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一样；Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2here/there 引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常依据就近原就,谓语动词要与离它最近的

2、主语在数上保持一样；Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks. 2意义一样原就1 谓语动词必需用单数的情形表示学科的名词以及 works 工厂 , news消息 等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数；Politics is his favorite subject. 表示某些组织机构的名词、书/ 报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数；Do you know when the United Nations was set up. 2 谓语动词必需用复数的情形表示总

3、称意义的名词,如people , police ,public ,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数；The police are searching for the murderer. 3 谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 集体名词,如 family ,class ,group ,team,club ,company,government ,population 等作主语时,谓语动词的形式依据其在语境中表示的意义而定；当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用 复数；As far as I know,his family

4、is not very large but the family are all music lovers. “ the 形容词 / 分词” 表示“ 一类人” 时,谓语动词用复数；The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3语法一样原就 1 由 and 连接的两个名词作主语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - “ a/the 名词单数学习好资料欢迎下载and名词单数” 表示一个人 双重身份 ,谓语动词用单数；The teacher and poet often gi

5、ves lectures around the city. “ a/the 名词单数anda/the 名词单数” 表示两个人,谓语动词用复数；The teacher and the poet have just arrived. “ every 名词单数andevery 名词单数” 表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数；Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. 通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork 一副刀叉 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数；Bread and butter

6、is not to his taste. 2 表示时间、 数量、 长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式；Is fifty pounds enough. 3 “ 分数 / 百分数 of 名词” 作主语时,谓语动词的形式依据of 后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式；假如名词是单数可数名词或不行数名词,谓语动词用单数形式；Two-thirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 倒装句的核心考点1全部倒装 1 在 There

7、 be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain 等存在句中；Look,there s that bookshop I was telling you about.2 表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here ,there ,now,then ,up,down,in ,away,out 等置于句首,主语是名词而不是代词时,用完全倒装；此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时；There goes the phone.Ill answer it.ntury s greatest scientist.3such作表语置于句首时；Such was Alber

8、t Einstein,a simple man but the 20th ce4 直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时；“ If you die, who will get your money？” asked Holmes.5 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时；In the center of the square stands a monument. 名师归纳总结 6 为平稳句子结构,或使上下文连接紧密,而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、 副词或分词提第 2 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载到句首,引起倒装；Gone for

9、ever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil. 2部分倒装在以下几种情形下,只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,构成部分倒装；1little,never ,not ,seldom ,neither,nor ,hardly ,rarely,by no means,at no time ,under no circumstances,in no case 等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时；Little does he care about what others think. 2 在 not.until.

10、,no sooner.than.,scarcely/hardly.when.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等句式中；Neither does he drink nor smoke. 3 当 only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时；Only then did I find I had made a mistake. 4 在 so/such.that.从句中,当so形容词 / 副词或 such名词位于句首时；So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest. 5 当表示前面所说的情形也适用于另一个人或

11、事物时,常用“so/as be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词主语” ,表示“ 也是 ” ；Times have changed and so have I. 6 当 neither,nor 位于句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用“ neither/nor be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词主语” ,表示“ 也不 ” ；They coul dnt understand it at that time,and nor could we. 7 省略 if 的虚拟条件句,把助动词 were,had,should 提到主语前面；Had it not been for your h

12、elp,we shouldn t have achieved so much.8as 和 though 引导的让步状语从句；Try as she might,Sue couldn t get the door open.9 “ may动词原形” 表示希望,通常把 May you succeed. 强调句的核心考点may置于句首,构成倒装语序；1使用助动词 do,does 和 did 对谓语动词进行强调；First impressions really do count. 2运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分；强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was 被强调部分that/who

13、其他成分； 可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分；在复习强调句型时,要留意以下几个方面：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载1 强调句型中的主谓一样 在强调句型中,当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时,无论被强调的主语是单数仍是复数,主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was.,同时, that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一样；It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble. 2 当对地点状语

14、、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时,只能用连接词 that ,而不能用 where,when, why 或 how等；It was on August 8,2022 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing. 3 强调句型的疑问句在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was 被强调部分that 其他成分” 改为“Is/Was it 被强调部分that其他成分？” 或“ 疑问词is/was it that其他成分？” 结构；Was it her failing

15、 her exam that made her parents unhappy. When was it that she changed her mind. 4 在对 not.until. 结构中的 until 时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的；留意 that 从句中的谓语动 not 移至 until 之前,构成： It is/was not until.that.词要变成确定形式,而且不再采纳倒装语序；I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was no

16、t until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 留意事项：1假如由特别疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必需使用陈述语序,不行用疑问语序；He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 2强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式；在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必需与主句It is/was.t it.保持一样；It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about th

17、at matter,isn 3强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用；在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结 构更加复杂；我们要留意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构；It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. 4强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析；名师归纳总结 当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was ” 和连词“that ” ,原句仍旧完整；而在时第 4 页,共 12 页间状语从句中,如去掉“it is/was” 和连词“when/before ” ,原句不完整；- - - -

18、- - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It was at 14学习好资料欢迎下载强调句型 ：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.状语从句 省略句的核心考点1状语从句中的省略由 when,while ,if ,as if ,although/though,as,until,once ,whether ,unless ,where等引导的状语从句中,假如其谓语动词为be,而主语与主句的主语相同时,就从句的主语和be 可省略；或

19、从句的主语为it ,谓语动词为be 时,也可省略从句中的it和 be；When I am in trouble,I always turn to my classmates for help. If it is possible,this machine can be fixed at once. 2不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to 代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect , forget ,hope,intend ,like , love ,mean,prefer ,refuse , try ,want ,wish 等词后；或放在表心情的词后,代替被省略的动词,常

20、见词有：中含有 be,have, have been ,就要保留glad ,happy,pleased 等；但是,假如不定式 be,have,have been ；Will you please look after my house when Im away.I m glad to.Are you a sailor. No.But I used to be. Your work hasn t been handed in,but it ought to have been. 3常考的几个省略形式if ever,if any,if not better/worse/taller.than等；4

21、并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时,后者的动词可以省略；He is going to Hong Kong,but his brother is going to America. My room is on the third floor and his,on the fifth. 特别句式与语法填空 特别句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一样、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等；考 查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词、以及助动词、替代词或标志性的 词等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

22、 学习好资料 欢迎下载典题试做 1在空白处填入适当的内容 1 个单词 或括号内所给词的正确形式1Yangshuo be really beautiful.2022 全国答案 is 解析 考查主谓一样和动词时态；本段介绍阳朔的自然条件,属客观事实, 要用一般现在时,由于主语是单数第三人称形式,故填 is ；2Bach died in 1750 ,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.2022 重庆 答案 that 解析 考查强调句； 本句是一个强调句型, 其基本结构是：

23、It is/was 被强调部分that/who其他,本句被强调部分是 not until the early 19th century,故填 that ；3 after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.2022 湖南 答案 Only 解析 考查倒装句；only 放在句首,后面跟状语时,使用部分倒装结构；4 Do you think George has passed the driving te

24、st. No.If ,he would have driven h is car to our college yesterday.2022 福建 答案 so 解析 考查替代；“ 假如通过的话” ,用 so 替代前面 George has passed the driving test ；5Call me tomorrow Ill let you know the lab result.2022 大纲全国 答案 and 解析 由语境可知,此处是“ 祈使句and简洁句” 这一固定句式结构,故填 and；6 a strange plant！I ve never seen it before.202

25、2 辽宁 答案 What 解析 由于空后的中心词 plant 是名词, 所以用 what 引导该感叹句； What a strange plant ！也可表达成 How strange a plant,即 how后的中心词为形容词或副词；故填 what ；应计策略 1留意分析句式结构,确定为何种特别句式,再依据特别句式的结构特点填入适当的词； 特别句式与短文改错短文改错中对于特别句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一样、以及含有助动词的谓语结构错误、替代词的错用等；典题试做 2单句改错 每道题 1 处错误 名师归纳总结 1Hard work have made him very ill.2022 辽宁 第

26、 6 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案havehas学习好资料欢迎下载解析 考查主谓一样；work 为不行数名词,谓语动词用单数；2Finally,there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.2022 陕西 答案werewasThere be 应当与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一样；解析考查主谓一样；3In early January this year ,the rate of UFO reports week.2022 辽宁 答案 wer

27、ewaswere steady ,around three per 解析 考查主谓一样；主语为 the rate,为第三人称单数形式,故 were 改为 was；4I couldn t believe my luck not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt！2022 陕西 答案 hadhave解析 考查倒装句的谓语结构,“did 主语动词原形” ,故 had 应改为 have；5Luckily I had all my money in my pocket had on.202

28、2 新课标全国 答案 waswere,but the only clothes I had was those I 解析 考查主谓一样；该句谓语应当与主语 the clothes 一样,故 was 应改为 were；6After we left,I said,“ That was very nice of you, Mother .But I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “ Neither did me,” said Mother cheerfully.2022 浙江 答案 meI解析 考查倒装句；“neither 助动词主语” 结构中,主语应当

29、用主格形式,故 me应改为 I ；应计策略 2遇到特别句式,要留意主谓一样、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点； 书面表达中特别句式易错点聚焦在书面表达中适当引入特别句式,可提高表达的层次,增强交际成效；但是同学在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：1主谓不一样 误Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money. 正Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money. 误Many a scientist have sacrificed their

30、 lives for science. 正Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 误Mr.Wang, together with his wife,have gone to Australia. 正Mr.Wang, together with his wife,has gone to Australia. 误Each of the boys have their own books. 正Eac

31、h of the boys has his own books. 误The blind is not able to walk without sticks. 正The blind are not able to walk without sticks. 误Five years have passed since then. 正Five years has passed since then. 2缺乏运用意识语言输出时,多用正常语序的简洁句、并列句等；而缺乏运用特别句式的意识； 简洁句积累 I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am

32、from ChenguangHigh School. 同位语 I am Li Hua,chairman of the Student Union,from Chenguang High School. t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class 一般表达 I didnin my senior middle school. 倒装句 Not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did I realize its impo

33、rtance. 强调句 It was not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school that I realized its importance. 3运用中显现语法错误 误Only work hard can you achieve your goal. 正Only by working hard can you achieve your goal. 误There have some problems exist in our school. 正There exist some problems in

34、 our school. 误Only after the war learned he the sad news. 正Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 误It was at midnight when I got back home yesterday. 正It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 正It was midnight when I got back home yesterday. . 单句语法填空 1One day,he came up with an idea

35、that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载did the next day. 答案so 替代的是上文同位语从句中的动词短语pluck up all of his crop a few 解析句中 did soinches ；2Film has a much shorter history music and planting. 答案 compared ,especially when compar

36、e to such art forms as 解析 本句实际上是 when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting 的省略,省略掉主语及 be 动词；3Her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes . 答案 to 解析 句意为：她父母不让她去参与聚会,但她仍旧期望去参与；此句为省略句,补充完整应为： .,but she still hopes to go to the party.；4 with hard work can you

37、expect to get a pay rise. 答案Only 可知,这是倒装句,依据倒装结构“only 状语with hard 解析由 can you expect to.work ” 可知应填副词only ；5Not I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down. 答案until not until位于句首,句子要解析句意为：直到我在人群中观察我的老师我才安静下来；部分倒装；6Either you or the headmaster be to hand out the prizes to those gifted s

38、tudents at the meeting. 答案is 一样,故 be 用第三人称单数is ；解析谓语与 the headmaster7The teacher ,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class earthquake struck. 答案 was visiting , visit a museum when the 解析谓语与 the teacher一样,又依据惯用句型结构was/were doing.when.可知,用过去进行时态；8Two fifths of the land in that district be covered with tre

39、es and grass. 名师归纳总结 答案is 一样,用单数；of good earth wash away each 第 9 页,共 12 页解析谓语与 the land9With more forests being destroyed ,huge quantities - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载year. 答案are being washed 与 wash 之间是被动关系, 需用被动式,解析因 quantities of 作主语, 谓语用复数； earth指近些年或近阶段正在发生的事,用现在进行时；10He is

40、the only one of the students who be a winner of scholarship for three years. 答案has been the only one一样,又由for three years可知用完成时；解析谓语应与. 单句改错 每道题 1 处错误 1The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party. 答案 dancer 前加 the 或 are is2They each has an apple. 答案 hashav e 3He joins the football team who

41、is all famous footballers. 答案 is are4Dr.Smith , together with his wife and daughters summer. 答案 are is,are going to visit Beijing this 5As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing. 答案 needsneed 6Those who likes to sing can join us. 答案 likes like 7So loudl

42、y he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 答案he 前加 did ,neither does Tom. 8If you dont go there tomorrow答案doeswill9Hard although he tried, he was unable to make much progress. 答案 although as/though10I can t swim and so can Kate.答案 soneither. 语法填空A名师归纳总结 Dealing with homeless famili

43、es 1.isbe one part of my job.It was from a single 第 10 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载mother 2.that the very first call I had was.She was weeping.Not until I promised to help her 3.did she stop weeping.After being told that she had got into a terrible car accident,I learned that accident made her lose her job.Fell behind with her rent 4.and she was being forced to leave her apart