2022年高考英语形容词和副词详解及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 英语高考专题复习讲与练形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语；而副词就用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首；以下属几种特殊情形,须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语,定语后置；a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high （2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive 等）作定语,定语后置；如

2、a man alive；有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 又可作定语, ill 如作定语意为 “ bad”；well 、 faint、ill 只作表语； sick 既可作表语（3）用作定语, 修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some 和 every 构成的复合词如anything 、something 等时,通常后置；如：I have something important to tell you. （4）else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语；（5）enough、nearby 修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面, enough修饰形容词、副词时,必需后置；（6）几个副

3、词并列作状语时,其次序较敏捷,但一般是：方式 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 地点 时间；如：（7）频度副词如 often 、always、usually 等在 be 动词后,行为动词前；（8）副词作定语,定语后置；如：The person there is waiting for you. （9）几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为：限定语（The、A ）+ 描画性形容词+ size（大小）+ shape（外形） + age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、 来源）+ material（材料） +

4、purpose（目的） + 名词；如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings（10）以 -ly 结尾的词性辨析；以下单词以 -ly 结尾,但却是形容词而非副词：ugly、silly 、 likely 、brotherly 、timely 等；表情愿（无 -ly）和引申意 有-ly 的副词：lively 、lonely 、lovely 、deadly、friendly 、deep 深wide 宽广high 高low 位置低deeply

5、深化地widely 广泛地highly 高度地lowly 位置卑微有无 -ly 意义大不相同的副词：dead 完全,确定 be dead asleep deadly 特别 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that prettily 美丽地 be prettily dressed close 近 Dont sit close. closely 亲密地 Watch closely. late 晚、迟 arrive late, come late lately 最近 I havent seen him latelyrecently. 1 名师归

6、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词+ 名词+ ed kind-hearted 好心的, white-haired 白发的2形容词 + 形容词red-hot 酷热的, dark-blue 深蓝的（3）形容词 + 现在分词good-looking 好看的, easy-going 随和的（4）副词 + 现在分词hard-working 勤劳的, fast-moving 快速转动的（5）副词 + 过去分词hard-won 得来不易的, newly-made 新建的（6）名词 + 形容词life-l

7、ong 终生的, world-famous 世界著名的（7）名词 + 现在分词peace-loving 爱好和平的, fun-loving 爱开玩笑的（8）名词 + 过去分词snow-covered 白雪掩盖的, hand-made 手工的（9）数词 + 名词 + ed four-storeyed 4 层楼的, three-legged 3 条腿的（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10 年的 ,two-man 两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法；构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身；用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特点等某方面相等时,用“ as + 原级形容词 /

8、副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时,用“ not soas + 原级形容词 /副词 + as ”的结构；表示一方是另 一方的如干倍时,用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词 /副词 + as ”的结构；如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so ashigh as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. （2）比较级和最高级的构成；把握比较级和最高级的变

9、化规章,熟记少数不符合规章的特殊形容词和副词；（3）比较级的用法；对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“ 比较级+ than ”的结构表示；如：This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时,用“ less + 原级+ than ”的结构表示；如：This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如 even、a lot、 a bit、a little 、still 、much、far、yet、by far 等修饰；如：He wor

10、ks even harder than before. He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 留意：英语的比较级前如无even

11、、still 或 yet 等时,译成汉语时可用“较” 或“ 一些 ” 或不译出,一般不行有“更” ；如：She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow. 另留意： by far 通常用于强调最高级；用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“ the ”；如：He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“ the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语

12、）, the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语） ” 的结构（意为 “越 越 ” ）；如：The harder he works, the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的转变时,用“ 比较级+ and + 比较级 ” 的结构；如：The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 某些以 -ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to 代替 than；这些词有 inferior （劣等的,次的）、 superior（较好的,优于 ）、 junior （

13、资格较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior （在 之前）等；He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 在比较从句中为了防止重复,我们通常用 thatthose、oneones代替前面显现的名词；that 指物 ,one 既可指人又可指物；that 可代替可数名词单数和不行数名词,而 one 只能代替可数名词；The book on the table is more interesting than that 或 the oneon the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made

14、of wood. 倍数表达法；（A）A is threefour, etc.times the sizeheight, length, depth, width, size ,weight etc.of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）；The new building is four times the sizethe heightof the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）；（B） A is threefour, etc.times as bighigh, long, etc.as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚

15、洲比欧洲大三倍；（C）A is three four, etc.times biggerhigher, longer, etc.than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍；用 可以用 twice 或 double. 比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义1-What do you think of her performance times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍-She couldn t behave better. /I haven t seen such a better one before. 2

16、-How do you like the movie. -It can t be _. It is so boring A. good B. bad C. worse D. better 4最高级的用法；三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用 般常有表示比较范畴的介词短语；如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He worksthehardest in his class. “ the + 最高级 ”的结构表示；这种句式一名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 最高级可被序数词

17、以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really 、nothing like 等词语所修饰；如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did the secon most expensive hat cost. 表示 “ 最高程度 ” 的形容词,如 比较级；excellent、extreme、perfect 等,没有最高级

18、,也不能用形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略；如：He is the tallestboyin his class. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词；如：Of all the boys he cametheearliest. 5形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情形；形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词；形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“特别 ”；如：He is a most clever young policeman.a most=very The film is most interesting.most=very 表示

19、两者间 “较 的一个 ”比较级前加 the；如：who is the older of the tow boys. 在 “ the + 比较级 ,the + 比较级 ” 结构中；在 same 前一般要加 the；有些形容词前加 the 成为名词；如 the poor、the rich 等；（6）由 as / so组成的形容词或副词短语； as much as + 不行数名词数量；Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. as many as + 可数名词数量

20、多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. as far as远到；就 而知（论）We might go as far as 走到 the church and back. As far as I know （就我所知）,he has been there before. may might, couldas well 不妨、不如Then you might as well

21、stay with us here. as as can be到了最 的程度,极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不行信；as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could. as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 7几组重要的词语辨析；very 和 much 的区分；（ A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much；B表示状态的过去分词前用 very；a very frightened bo

22、y, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情形下, 以-ing 、-ed 结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly 等修饰； 如：4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jackttitude；C已转s a化为形容词的现在分词前用very；如： very interesting / worryin

23、g / exicting；（ D）too 前用much 或 far,不用 very；You are much / far / a lot too nice. 另外,在 too many / much, too few / little前用 far； Theres far too little opportunity for adventue these days.Weve got far too manyand far too few egg cups. （ E）关于原级形容词要记住以下固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰确定意义的形容词, 一般不用 very,而用 quite completely 、

24、well 、entirely ；如：quite wrongmistaken, sure、completely dead、quite impossible 、quite perfect 等；（b）修饰以 a-开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid；c修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：terribly cold / frightening ；be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, so

25、 that 与 such that 的区分；so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + an+ 形容词 +单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不行数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 留意：以下结构中只能用 so 不行用 such,当名词前有 many、much、little 、few 等表示 “ 多、少” 的词修饰时,如 so much progress、so many peopl

26、e、so little food 、so few apples 等；但当little 表示 “小 ”时用 such；如： These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather；其他几组词的辨析；（A）ago、 before:ago 表示以现在为起点的“ 以前 ”； before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的 “以前 ”；泛指 “以前 ” 用 before 而不用 ago；（B）（ B）alrea

27、dy、yet、still:already 表示某事已经发生；yet 表示期望某事发生；still表示某事仍在进行,主要用于确定句；Ctoo 、also、either:too 和 also 用于确定句, too 多用于口语, also 多用于书面语, either用于否定句；Dgood 、well: 与 good 不同的是, well 作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好 ”,也作副词修饰动词；Equick 、fast:作形容词皆表 “ 快”；fast 多指运动的物体,含连续的意思；quick 多指一次动作的灵敏、突然,而且连续的时间较短；Freal、true:形容词表 “ 真的 ”

28、； real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语；true 指与事实标准和实际情形相符合,在句中作表语或定语；Ghard 、difficult: 均表 “ 困难 ”,但 hard 通常指体力上困难；difficult就指智力或技能上的困难,困难程度大于hard；它们都可作定语和表语；二、精典名题导解挑选填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. （NMET 2001 ）A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an

29、art as 解析：答案为 D；此题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手；在同级比较 as as句式中,假如 as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时,该冠词须置于形容词之后,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 即形成 “ as + 形容词+ a / an + 单数可数名词+ as ”结构；这道题在名词专题中也有解析,不同的是观看视角不同,应留意培育发散思维；2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the

30、language.NMET 2000 A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially 解析： 答案为 D；此题考查副词的词义辨析；留意把握词语的精确含义,结合语境进行分析； A 项意为 “ 极端地 ”；B 项意为 “自然地 ” ；C 项“ 基本上 ” ；D 项“ 特殊,特殊地 ”；依据句意 “假如你不会讲（它的）语言,在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案；3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.NMET 1998 B.more

31、 C.better D.the most A.the best 解析： 答案为 C；此题考查副词的比较级和最高级；要把握句式之间的联系,抓住句子的隐匿信息,结合语境进行分析；依据句意,句中 but 后应有一词组 be well known for；同时, 应留意到前后两个分句把 professor White 的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比,故应用 well的比较级；形容词与副词1If we had followed his plan ,we could have done the job better with money and peopleA 1ess；less Bfewer；fewer C

32、1ess；fewer Dfewer； less 2It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day A few ；much Bfew ；many C 1ittle ；much Dlittle ； many 3 If you dont like the red coat,take the blue one0K ,but do you have size in blue.This one is a bit tight for me A big Ba bigger Cthe big Dthe bigger 4After the

33、 new technique was introduced ,the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year beforeA as twice many Bas many twice Ctwice as many Dtwice many as 5How did you find your visit to the museum. I thoroughly enjoyed it It was than I expectedA far more interesting Beven much interesting Cso more interes

34、ting Da lot much interesting 6If there were no examinations ,we should have at schoo1A the happiest time Ba more happier time Cmuch happiest time Da much happier time 7On the river there is bridge A an old fine stone Ba fine new wood Ca stone fine old Da new wood fine 8If I had , I d visit Europe,st

35、opping at all the small interesting places A a long enough holiday Ban enough long holiday Ca holiday enough long Da long holiday enough 9It Was raining heavily Little Mary felt cold,so she stood to her motherAclose Bclosely Cclosed Dclosing 10 The means of getting from place to place in the city is

36、 the busAmost commonly useful public Cpublic used more commonly Bmost commonly public used Dmost commonly used public 11.Alice is going camping with girls 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A1ittle two other Btwo other little Ctwo 1ittle other D1ittle 0ther two 12.Where have

37、you been days. Aall last these few Bthese all last few C1ast all few these Dall these last few 13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him Asuch a good Bso good a Ca so good Dsuch good 14.All the people at the party were his supporters. Apresent Bthankful C interested Dimportant 15

38、.This kind of apple tastes and sells Awell ；well Bgood；good Cgood；well Dwell ；good 16 The storm kept me all through the night Aawake B awoke Cawaked Dawaken 17 My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleepA1ate； sound B1ately；wide Cdeeply；far Dfar；late 18 The temperature of a perso

39、n is about 37Aformal Bnormal Ccommon Dusual 19 I m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class Acurious Bnervous Cmysterious Dsad 20 It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o,I know she got up at 9：15Aquite Bvery Ctoo Dmuch 形容词与副词6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA 1-5 CABCA 形容词和副词1. _to

40、take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （ 2000 全国）（C）ABrave enough students BEnough brave students CStudents brave enough DStudents enough brave 2. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. （2000 全国）（ D）Aextremely B naturally C

41、basically D especially 3. It is generally believed that reading is_ it is a science. （01 全国）（ D）A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 4. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. （01 北京春季）（ A ）Amore B much Cmany Dmo

42、st 5. In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. Amore Bother Cbetter Dany （01 北京春季）（ B）6. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a （an）_trick. （01 北京春季）（ D）Aordinary Beasy Csmart Dsimple 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. Boris has brains. In

43、fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.（02 全国）【】 a high a higher the higher the highest 8. All the people _ at the party were his supporters. （02 北京）（ A）A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 9. Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday. Thank you. Id love to, _ Ill be out of town at （02 北京）（ D）A. because B. and C. so D. but 10. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. （02 北京）（A ）A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 11. I m very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a sme