2022年高考英语分辨同义词或近义词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载1. 所谓辨论同义词或近义词,是指通过辨论四个选项中词形相异但意思相近的词语,当然也有少数同义词的含义是等同或几乎等同的；这类题主要是测试考生对同义词或近义词之间微小差别的把握情形； 同义词或近义词虽然概念相同或相近,但在含义和用法上仍存在差别；2解题思路这类题相对来说比较难,它要求考生不单单把握每个词的含义,仍要从用法、 使用场合和词与词的搭配关系上进行分析,最终作出正确的判定；The shop assistant was dismissed as she was_of cheating customers. A accus

2、ed B charged C）scolded D）cursed 选 A ；此题测试的动词和介词的搭配；accuse sb .of doing sth. 控告某人作了某事情 ; charge sb with sth表示类似的意思；scold sb.for doing 表示斥责某人做某事情；be cursed with 表示遭难的意思；全句的意思是：那位店员由于被指控欺诈顾客而被解雇；2His wife is constantly finding_with him Aerrors Bshortcomings C fault D flaw 选 C；四个词都有“ 错误,短处” 的意思；,which m

3、akes him very angry. find faultwith sb./sth. 是固定搭配,意思是“ 挑 的毛病,找某人的岔；挑剔”；全句的意思是：他妻子对他总是很挑剔,这使得他很愤怒；全句的意思是：他妻子常常挑他的错,这使得他很愤怒；3The Police are trying to find out the_of the woman killed in the traffic accident evdence B recognition C status D, identity 选 D）；identity 身份 ,如： The police are still uncertain

4、 of the murderers identity. 警察尚未证明杀人犯的身份； evidence 证据 ,证物；status位置,身份相对于其他人的位置,状况；recognition 承认,认可；全句的意思是；警方正在全力查找车祸遇害妇女的身份；4.John doesnt believe in_medicine ；he has some remedies of his own. A standard B regular C routine D conventional 选 D ；standard 标准的,权威的,第一流的；regular 规章的,有秩序的,常常的；routine例行的；常规

5、的；conventional 惯例的,常规的,习俗的,传统的；只有 conventional 符合题意,意思是：传统药物；全句的意思是；约翰不信任传统药物（疗效）,他有自己的治疗方法；5The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _supplies petroleum. proficient B efficient Cpotential Dsufficie 选 D； proficient 娴熟的,熟知的 ；efficient 能干的,有效率的 ；potential 有潜力的 ；sufficien

6、t 充分的,足够的 ；全句的意思是：欧盟曾经担忧石油供应不足；6. During the process,great care has to be taken to protect the_ silk from damage A sensitive B tender C）delicate D）sensible 选 C；sensitive 敏锐的, 灵敏的；tender 嫩的,温顺的, 脆弱的,如：tender meat 嫩肉,a tender mother 慈母, tender care 细心的照管, a tender heart 心肠软的,富于怜悯心的等；delicate 精美的 ,精致的,

7、精致的,如：a delicate piece of embroidery 精致的刺绣品 ;sensible 明智的,有判定力的；全句的意思是：在加工过程中,要特别当心,防止精致的丝绸受到损 伤；7The clothes a person wears may express his_or social position A curiosity Bstatus C） determination D）significance 选 B；curiosity 奇怪心, 求知欲； status身份,位置； determination 决心； significanoe 意义,名师归纳总结 重要性；依据题意应选

8、B）；另外, or 后面的 social position 实际上是对前面并列的status 的第 1 页,共 19 页说明, 也是一个重要的选项线索；全句的意思是： 一个人的衣着可以表示他的身份或社会地- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载位；8My father seemed to be in no_to look at my school report feeling B） attitude C）emotion D） mood 选 D；be in the mood/no mood to do something 是固定搭配,表示 情

9、” ；依据题意,只有 D符合题意要求；其他三个名词都不能形成“ 有（没有）做 的心 be in no 搭配；全句的意思是：我父亲似乎没有心情看我的学习成果单；9.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial_. mark B）feature C trace D appearance 选 B；留意原句中的两个形容词：memorable（令人难忘的）和 facial（面部的）；然后再从四个选项中挑出可以被“ 令人难忘”和“ 面部的” 修饰的名词；四个名词的意义分别是： mark 标记,记号； feature 特点； trace 痕迹,

10、踪迹； appearance外貌,外表；惟有 B）最合题意；全句的意思是：特殊的尖下巴是他最令人难忘的面部特点；10. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen They are a thorough_. A nuisance B trouble C worry Danxiety 选 A ；nuisance 意为“ 令人厌恶的人 （东西, 情形等）”（a person,thing or situation that annoys you or causes problems）；trouble 意为“ 麻烦,苦恼”（ problems that m

11、ake something diffcult, spoil your plan, make you worry, etc.）；worry 意为“ 担忧,发愁；anxiety 意为“ 焦虑”,与worry 意义相近；蚂蚁是“ 令人厌恶的东西”,而不是“ 问题,难题（problem ）” ,更不是“ 担优” ,“ 焦虑” 等；故A是正确答案；全句的意思是：大量的妈蚁老是进人我的厨房,蚂蚁是特别令人厌恶的东西；11 When people become unemployed,it is_which is often worse than lack of wages. laziness B pover

12、ty C idleness D inability 选 C）；laziness 懒散； poverty 贫困； idleness 无事可干,闲待；inability 无才能,无方法；失业引起的什么状况比失去工资更糟糕呢？不行能是 poverty,更不行能是 laziness或 inability,由于失业本身就可能意味着贫困,而懒散和无能是某些人的本性,不是失业引起的；所以是idleness；全句的意思是：当人们失业时,无所事事比失去工资更糟糕；12 In previous times ,when fresh meat was in short_pigeons were kept by man

13、y households as a source of food. Astore B ）provision C reserve D supply 选 D）；store 意为“ 储存的东西” 或“ 商店”,短语 in store 的意思是“ 储备备用”；provision意为“ 供应,供应”,常与 of 搭配,但没有 in short provision 这样的搭配； reserve 意为“ 储备物,储量” ,in reserve 的意思是“ 留待后用”；supply 意为“ 供应,供应量”,短语 in shoat supply 是“ 供应短缺” 的意思；依据原句句意,D是答案；全句的意思是 :

14、在过去,当鲜肉短缺时,很多家庭靠养鸽子作为食物的来源；13 Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists A motivation B perspective C impression D impact 选 D ； motivation 动机； perspective 看法,观点,观看,前景；motivation 印象； impact影响,冲击；依据辨析可见,选项 impact 符合题

15、意要求；全句的意思是：泰勒教授的谈话已说明,科学已对科学家以及非科学家的日常生活产生了很大的影响；14. The manager spoke highly of such_a loyalty ,courage and truthfulness shown by hisemployees. A virtues B features C properties D characteristics 选 A ）；四个名词的意义分别是：virtues 美德； features 特点 ; properties 特性,财产；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - -

16、- - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载characteristics性格等方面的 特点；原句中loyalty 忠诚 ,courage士气 和 truthfulness 诚恳 等词都属于“ 美德” 的范畴,A 是正确答案；全句的意思是：经理高度颂扬他的雇员表现出来的诸如忠诚、士气和坦率等美德；15 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_. Acapacity Bstrength C length D possibility 选 A ）；capacity 才能,才

17、能； strength 力气； length 长度； possibility 可能性；依据题意,选项 A 是正确答案；选项 B的干扰性最强； strength 指的是人的“ 力气,体力”,也可以指人或团体的“ 实力”、此题表达的是要发挥才能,而不是施展力气；全句的意思是：不外出上班的家庭主妇们往往觉得没有充分发挥自己的才能；16 The newspaper did not mention the_of the damage caused by the fire. range B level C extent D quantity 选 C）；range“ 范畴,区域”,表示可以达到或探测到的最大

18、范畴；level“ 水平,程度”,指一个量表或序列中的位置；extent“ 程度” ,the extent of the damage 意为“ 缺失的程度”；quantity“ 数量” ；依据此题句意,要表示的不是火灾的范畴,水平和数量,而是火灾造成的损坏程度；全句的意思是：报纸没有报导这次大火造成的损坏程度；17 Shall had prepared carefully for her bidogy examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_ intention B attempt C purpose D

19、 desire 选 B）；intention 意图,意向； attempt 试图,努力； purpose 目的,意图； desire 愿望,欲望；全句的意思是：雪莉为生物学考试做了细心预备,以便有把握地一次通过；18. I caught a_of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street A vision Bglimpse C look D scene 选 B）；vision 视力,洞悉力 power of seeing or imaging ” ；glimpse“ 一瞥 quick ,imperfect vi

20、ew of something/somebody ” , catch a glimpse of 瞥见 ,这是一固定搭配；look “ 外观 ,脸色appearance;scene” 景象 view ,something seen ；全句的意思是： 那辆出租车在街道拐角处消失之前我瞥了它眼；19 The manager lost his _just because his secretary was ten minutes late. A mood B temper C）mind D passion 选 B；mood“ 心情、心情”;temper 意为“ 脾气、心情”,lose ones tem

21、per 意为“ 发脾气,愤怒” ；mind “ 头脑,精神,理智”lose ones mind 意为“ 发疯,发狂”；passion “ 剧烈的感情,热忱”；全句的意思是：仅仅由于秘书迟到了 10 分钟,经理就发脾了；20. A_to this problem is expected to be found before long. A）result Bresponse C settlement Dsolution 选 D；result 结果,成果, 答案 ; 产生, 起于,致使； response 反应,回答, 响应；settlement；解决,处理 ; solution 解决,解答； so

22、lution 和 to 搭配,表示“ 解决某问题的方法”21 You have nothing to_by refusing to listen to our advice. Again B grasp Cseize Dearn 选 A；gain 得到,获得,获利；grasp 抓住,紧握,领悟；seize 抓钱、突然抓住 ; earn赚得,获得,博得；句中的 by refusing to listen to our advice 求选择 A）；全句的意思是：拒绝听取我们的建议,你得不到任何好处；22 He made such a_contribution to the university t

23、hat they are naming one of the new buildings after him. A）generous B minimum C）modest D）genuine 名师归纳总结 选 A ；generous.大方的,大量的；minimum 最少的,最低的; modest.谦逊的,羞怯的,第 3 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载适度的； genuine.真实的,真正的,恳切的；全句的意思是：他给了高校大量的捐赠,高校 也因此以他的名字命名了一座大楼；23.Mose nurses are wom

24、en , but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _ scarcity B） minority Cminimum D shortage 选 B；scarcity 缺乏,不足,缺少；minimum 最小量； minority 少数,少数民族；shortage 不足,缺乏； be in the minority 是习惯用语,一,意思是：占少数；24 President Benchs background as a doctor has given him_into the medical problems t

25、hat face the country. A） a view B）a vision C an insight D）a sight 选 C；view 视野 ,风景,见解； insight 洞悉力,学问； vision 视觉,：先见之明,光景；sight 景观,视力,眼界；have/give/gai an insight into 是固定的搭配,意思是：对 有深刻的 见解；25.However,at time this balance in nature, is_,resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects A troubled B

26、disturbed C confused D puzzled 选 B；troubled 麻烦的,纷乱的,不安静的；disturbed 被扰乱的,阻碍；confused 困惑的,B）；苦恼的； puzzled 困惑的；依据句子主语 this balance in nature 的提示,应当选择 26.The newcomers found it impossible to_themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the countryA suit B adapt C rebate D）coordinate

27、 选 B；suit 适合,取悦,满意；adaptto使 适应, regulate 规定,调剂； coordinate 和谐,整合,综合； adapt oneself to 是固定搭配,意思是：使某人适应 ；27.As a result of careless washing the jacket_ _to a childs size.A compressed B shrank C dropped D decreased 选 B；通过缘由“careless washing” 推出正确选项；shrank,意思是“ 收缩”；留意四个选项中只有 B项表示“ 衣服缩水” 的意思：其他各项的意思是：削减；

28、A紧压,压缩； c）下降 ; D28 It was felt that he lacked the_to pursue a difficult task to the very endA petition B engagement C commitment D qualification 选 C；在这道题中, 四个选项均属于含义抽象的英语单词；选项 A petition 意为“ 请愿书”、“ 请求” 、“ 祈祷” ；选项 D qnalification 意为“ 资格,品行” 上述两个选项其实都是陪衬,其含义均与正确选项 C commitment 献身、介人；承诺 差之甚远； 只有选项 Beng

29、agement允 诺、约 有些相近,但其含义重在“ 预约”、“ 订约” ,而不在于精神上的“ 献身”、“ 投身” 或“ （事实上的）承诺、保证；”四 常用动词、形容词与名词、介词短语的搭配1.考点分析 固定搭配、 动词词组、 介词词组等都是英语的习惯用法；众多的英语学者认为英语的习惯 用法无规律可循,其实不尽其然；例如,如从构词法、冠词、介词的某些用法规章入手,亦 有助于把握一些英语的固定搭配；2解题思路从搭配关系人手查找正确答案；如难以判定,有时可利用 3.例题祥解and ,or 或 but 等连词推理之；All her energies are_upon her children and

30、she seems to have little time for anything else. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载A guided B aimed C directed D focused 选 D）；这也是一道测试动词和介词搭配题；Focuson使集中在焦点上；guide 带领,引导；directto 指明方向,指导等；aim at瞄准,对准；全句的意思是：她把全部的精力都集中在她的孩子们身上,因而她似乎没有时间做别的事情；The film provides a deep_int

31、o a wide range of human qualities and feelings. Ainsight B imagination C fancy D outlook 选 A ；insight 洞悉力,学问；imagination 想象,空想； fancy 沉迷,想象力；outlook 见解,展望, 前景,其中只有 insight 能和 into 搭配,takehavean insight into 意思是“ 明白, 熟识；看透等”全句的意思是：这部电影使我们更深刻地明白到范畴广泛的人类品德和感 情；3 You would be_a risk to let your child go

32、 to school by himself A omitting B attaching Baffording Drunning 选 D）；此题测试固定搭配run/take a risk s ,意思是冒险；omit 省略,遗漏 ； attach附加,附属等 ；afford 供应,买得起 ；全句的意思是：让孩子独自一人上学是一种冒险；4 I can_some noise while Im studying ,but I cant stand loud rises .A come up with B catch up with C put up with D keep up with 选 C；co

33、me up with 提出； 拿出； catch up with 赶上； put up with 忍耐； 容忍； keep up with 跟得上；全句的意思是：在学习的时候,我可以忍耐一点噪音,但是我不能忍耐剧烈的噪 音；5 I have had great deal of trouble_the rest of the class coming up against B making up for C keeping up with D living up to 选 C； come up against 遭受； make up for 补偿； keep up with 跟得上； live

34、up to 遵守；配 得上；全句的意思是：跟上班里的其他同学,对我来说,很辛苦；6 We had to_a lot of noise when the children were at home Ago in for B hold on to C put up with D keep pace with 选 C；put up with 忍耐； go in for 爱好；参予； hold on to 握紧；等候； keep pace with 保持相同步调；全句的意思是：孩子在家里时,我们不得不忍耐吵闹；7Advanced computer technology has_an answer to

35、 accurate weather forecasting. set up Bcome up with C filled in D faced up to 选 B；set up 建立；提出； come up with 提出；拿出； fill in 填写； face up 大胆面对 ;承认；全句的意思是：先进的运算机技术已经能够做出精确的天气预报；8 Very few scientists_completely new answers to the worlds problem. Acome out Bcome up with C）come round D）come up to 选 B；come

36、 out 显现；真相大白； come up with 提出；拿出； come round 拜望,清醒； come up to 达到；全句的意思是：很少有科学家能就世界的全部问题提出完全新奇的解决方法；9 If you happen to_my lost papers while youre locking for your book, .please let me know at once by telephone. come across Bcome to C）come up D） come over 选 A ）；come across不期而遇； 交付； come to 想起；共计； com

37、e up 上升； 争论, 显现； come over 过来,抓住；全句的意思是：假如你在查找你的书本的时候,碰巧看到我遗失 的文件,请立刻电话通知我；10 The car _halfway for no reason. A broke off B broke down Gbroke up D broke out 选 B；brake off 终止； break down 抛锚； 损坏, 不能抑制感情； break up 打碎； 停止, 解散；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载break out 突发

38、；发生,打开；全句的意思是：那辆车不知什么缘由中途抛锚了；11 . Having decided to rent a flat ,we_contacting all the accommodations in the city. A set about B set down C set out D set up 选 A ）；set about 开头；着手； set down 放下；制定； set out 启程；展现； set up 建立；提出；全句的意思是：打算下来租一套公寓之后,我们着手联系城里全部的膳宿机构；12 . We love peace,yet we are not the kin

39、d of people to yield_any military threat Aup Bto Cin D）at 选 B）；yield to 是固定词组；意思是：屈服,让步,对 妥协；全句的意思是：我们喜爱和 平,但是我们不会向任何军事威逼 屈服；13 It is not easy to learn English well ,but if you_,you will succeed in the end. A） hang up Bhang about C hang on D）hang onot 选 C）；hang up 吊起 ;hang about 留在邻近； hang on 坚持下去,紧

40、握不放； hang on to 紧紧 握住；全句的意思是：学好英语并不简洁,但假如你坚持不懈,最终就会成功；14 I didnt know the word I had to_a dictionary A）look out B make out C refer to Dgo over 选 C；look out 当心；照管； make out 做；明白； refer to 查阅,提到,谈到,打听 ;go over越过；检查；全句的意思是：我不熟识这个词,我得查字典；15 The early pioneers had to_many hardships. to settle on the new

41、land. A go along with B go back on Cgo through Dgo into 选 C；go along with 结伴而行； go beck on 毁约；背叛； gothrough 经受, 经受 .审查； go into 从事,争论；全文意思是：早期的美洲移民不得不经受了很多艰辛才在新大陆上安排 下来；16. A lorry_Janes cat and sped away. A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down 选 A ）；run over 辗过； run into 陷人； run through 铺张；

42、刺人； run down 诽谤；向下跑 流；被耗尽； 削减； 全句的意思是： 一辆卡车碾过一只猫后,加速开走了；17The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could_. stand up to Bmake up for Ccome up with D ）put up with 选 B；stand up to 英勇地抗击； make up for 补偿； come up with 提出；拿出； put up with 忍耐；容忍；全句的意思是：对这些财宝的破坏是人类的一大

43、缺失,这是任何金钱都无法 补偿的；18. Then the speaker_the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. Awent after Bwent for C went into D put up with 选 C；go after 追求； go for 攻击；尽力想求得；go into 从事；争论； put up with 忍耐,容忍；全句的意思是：接着讲话者具体阐述了导致目前经济危机的各种因素 19 He does nothing that_the interests of the collective r

44、uns for B ）runs against Cruns over Druns in 选 B；此题四个选项的主干动词均是 为选项 B）, runs against 的含义为runs,用法区分主要靠动词后的介词打算；正确答案“ 与 背道而弛” 其含义不难设想出来；难度亦属一般；Runs into“ 不期而遇”; ran over车辆 碾过” ；run for “ 竞选” ；20 Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave_. A on the spot B at the spot Cin the spot Dfer tbe spot 名师归纳总结 选 A ）；全句的意思是： “ 任何人违反规定将被要求离开；” 四个选项均为介词和the spot 第 6 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的组合,测试考生辨认成语名师精编欢迎下载短语动词主on the spot （当场、现场、陷于