2022年高考英语考点：时态语态及情态动词复习.docx

《2022年高考英语考点：时态语态及情态动词复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高考英语考点：时态语态及情态动词复习.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考时态语态及情态动词复习动词I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有 16 种,以 ask 为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/wou

2、ld have asked 完成进行 have/has been had been asking shall/will have been should/would have been asking asking asking 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：1 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加 用过去,说明现在；如：“ 已经 ” 等词；简言之,利I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. 已经看过,且

3、明白这本书的内容 2 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“过” ,“了” 等词；简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在；如：I read the novel last month. 只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住 I lived in Beijing for ten years.只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区分：两者都可以表示“ 从过去开头始终连续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时, 如着重表示动作始终在进行,即动作的连续性时,就多用现在完成进行时；一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于

4、现在完成进行时；I have read that book.我读过那本书了；I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上始终在读那本书；第 1 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4. 一般将来时的表达方式：1 将来时用法例句will/shall+ 动词原表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year. 形2 be going to+ 动词含有 “准备,方案,即将” 做某事,或It s going to

5、clear up.原形表示很有可能要发生某事Were going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 进行go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词He is moving to the south. 可用进行时表示按方案即将发生的动Are they leaving for Europe. 时表示将来作I was about to leave when the 4 be about to + 动表示支配或方案中的立刻就要发生的bell rang. 词原形动作,后面一般不跟时间状语The meeting is about

6、 to close. 5 be to + 动词原形表示按方案进行或征求对方看法Were to meet at the school gate at noon. 第 2 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The meeting starts at five 6 一般现在时表示时刻表上或日程支配上早就定好的事oclock.将来情,可用一般现在时表示将来The plane leaves at ten this evening. II. 动词的被动语态：1 常用被动构成6 常用被动语态构成语态一般现在am/is

7、/are asked 过去进行时was/were being asked 时2 一般过去was/were asked 7 现在完成时have/has been asked 时3 一般将来shall/will be 8 过去完成时had been asked 4 时asked 9 将来完成时will/would have been asked 过去将来should/would be 5 时asked 10 含有情态动词can/must/may be asked 现在进行am/is/are being 时asked 的第 3 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8

8、 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 被动语态的否认式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不行漏掉其中介副词； 固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时, 只需将其后 的动词变为被动态；如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 注意汉语有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般

9、可用被动结构表示；如：事It is believed that项It is generally considered thatIt is said thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. 第 4

10、页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The door wont shut. / The play wont act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, ha

11、ve, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等第 5 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否认式t do疑问式与简答can 才能体力,智力,can not / cannot /can技能could 答应或许可口语中couldn t doCan d

12、o .t.常用Yes, can.可能性表推测,用No, can 于否认句或疑问句中may 可以问句中表示请may not do May do . Yes, may.求No, mustn t/cant.可能, 或许表估计Might do . Yes, mightmight 希望用于倒装句中might not do No, might not.必需,应当表主观must 要求must not/mustnt doMust do . Yes, must.确定,想必确定句No, needn t/don t have to.中表估计have to 只好,不得不客观dont have to doDo have

13、 to do .t.的必需,有时态人称ought to 变化ought not to/oughtnYes, do. No, dont.Ought to do . t to 应当表示义务责任,口语中多用should do Yes, ought. No, oughtn 将要,会 Shall do .shall 用于一三人称征求对shall not/shant doYes, shall. No, shan t.方看法第 6 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用于二三人称表示许 诺、命令、警告、威 胁等应当,应

14、当表义务should 责任should not/shouldnt doShould do .本该含有批评意味will 意愿,决心will not/wont dot.Will do .would 恳求,建议,用在问would not/wouldnt do Yes, will. No, wont.句中 would 比较委婉dare 敢常用于否认句和dare not/darenDare do .t do疑问句中Yes, dare. No, daren 需要Need do .need 必需常用于否认句need not/neednt doYes, must. No, needn t.和疑问句中Used

15、to do .used to 过去经常现在已不used not/usednt/usent to Yes, used. No, usednt.do 再didn t use to doDid use to do .Yes, did. No, didn t.第 7 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - II. 情态动词 must, may, might, could, can 表示估计：以 must 为例； must + dobe是估计现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 估计可能正在进行的事情

16、；must +have done 是估计可能已经发生过的事情；1. must “确定,肯定 ” 语气强,只用于确定句中；He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there. 2. may 和 might “或许 ”,后者语气弱,更没有把握；可用于确定句和否认句；He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can 和 could “可能 ” ,could

17、 表示可疑的可能性,不及can t语气强,用于确定、否认、疑问句中；The weather in that city could be cold now. We could have walked there; it was so near. 估计某事原来可能发生,但实际上没有发生Can he be in the office now. No, he can w.语气很强,常用于疑问句和否认句中 III. 情态动词留意点：t be there, for I saw him in the library just no1. can 和 be able to: 都可以表示才能； 但 be able

18、 to 可以表达 “ 某事最终胜利 ”,而 can 无法 表达此意； Be able to 有更多的时态；另外,两者不能重叠使用；2. used to 和 would: used to 表示过去经常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而 would 只表示过去 的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在；3. need 和 dare 作情态动词和实义动词的区分：两者作情态动词经常用于否认句和疑问句；其形式为： neednt/daren do；Need/dare do .做实义动词时可用于确定句,否认句和疑问句；其形式为：red to do, dontdoesnt/didn need/dare to do第 8 页 共 8 页needneeds/needed/daredares/da名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页