2022年高考英语语法精品学案专题八情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个学问点；情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示估计和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “ 必要性 ”等方面的用法；虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用；一、 情态动词表估计的用法情态动词意语气句式语例句备注名师归纳总结 must 义可能确定句境 A： Look , 对现在的行为或状态的推：第 1 页,共 31 页一someo

2、ne is 测定性最may/mightmight可大肯定对coming. Who must/may/might/can/could：can it be. B: do 对过去的行为或状态可能It may be 可能性小于may our 的推测能性较句、否具小,尤定句体headmaster. must/may/might/can/could A: It can have done 其 可 能事be him. He mighthas gone to - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 最不不 学习必备欢迎下载实Shanghai. B: can/could co

3、uld可确定疑问的It must be 判Mr. Wang. He looks like 可能性小于can 能句、否断our 定句headmaster. That may 不 可not be true. 能 、 He couldcouldnt 有时也have discovered 用于肯the truth. 定句 有 确定句时会情态动词意义语气句式语境例句备注should 应当 ,理论上Its 8 oclock 常表示在一段时间/ought to 理应now. He should be in 内可能发生的事或the office now. Hi, Mum. Im on 某人的期望； 一般句末有

4、时间状语, 或有语境示意；所表示的the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes. 推测发生的可能性名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载很大；留意： should ought to 表示估计是高考考查的重点和难点；如：When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00. Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed 【解析】B

5、 A 项表示估计常常用于否定句和疑问句中；C 项表示估计语气不太确定；should 意为 “按理说,理应 ”,既回答了顾客的询问,不失礼貌,又为照片有可能尚未洗好,顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地,表达了店主的精明与用词经过认真推敲；二、情态动词的其他用法1can, could, may, might 情态动词意义例句备注名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - can/could 才能I can see 学习必备欢迎下载表some could 表示泛指过去的某一才能；birds flying in the 示过去有才能并且

6、胜利地做了某sky. 事,通常用was/were able to do,Could the girl read before she 相当于 managed to do/succeeded in doing ；如：Because he practised went to school. hard, he was able to pass the driving test. 情态动词意义例句备注can/could 答应 有时Can/May I have a look can 与 could 、may 与 might 不表时态可与mayat your photos？差 异 , 只 是 语 气 上

7、的 差 别 ,互换 Can/Could you lend could/might比 can/may更委婉；注意在回答时不能用could/ might；恳求me a hand ？ Yes, I can. 情态动词意义例句备注名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - may/might 允 许 或 请学习必备欢迎下载You may take this if can 与 could 、may 与 might 不表时态求you like. I ask 差 异 , 只 是 语 气 上 的 差 别 ,May/Might for a p

8、hoto of your could/might比 can/may更委婉；注baby ？意在回答时不能用could/ might；2.must, should 情态动意义例句备注词must 必需We must help each other to must表示主观意志,overcome the difficulties. Must have to 表示客观；如：I finish the work today ？No, you They had to speed up, neednt/you dont have to./Yes, you for the weather turned 偏要must

9、. You mustnt take photos terrible. Must here, and it is forbidden. I/we？ 的 否 定 回 答 不Why must you always interrupt 能用 mustnt；表示与说话人愿望相反硬要me？及不耐烦；非要Can I borrow your car, Mum ？If you must. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情 态 动意义例句学习必备欢迎下载备注词should 应当 常You should be polite to t

10、he old. ought to 的否定式：ought 与not tooughtnt to；疑问oughtto式： Ought to ？通用 竟然It is strange that he should react in 表示惊奇、意外等语气；this way. 万一Should anyone phone, tell them I 用于 if 从句中强调 “万一 ”,will call back later. If anyone 或用于虚拟语气；should phoneIf I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. 3. need,

11、dare 情 态 动例句留意事项词need I neednt go at once. need可以作实义动词,用于各种句式；？Need you go at 如： I need to go at once.I dont need to once ？ Yes , I must. go at once. Do you need to go at once/No, I neednt. Yes ,I do.need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - dare He darent cross

12、 the 学习必备欢迎下载dare 和 need 一样,既可以作情态动词,也river. How dare you say that to me？4.shall/will/would 可用作实义动词；用作情态动词时,主要用 于否定句、疑问句和条件句；用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式；如：He didnt dare toto go out alone at night. 在否定句中有时可省略 情态动意义例句备注词shall 表示征询看法；Shall I help you？用于第一、第三人称疑问句中；表示说话人的意You shall do as I say. 命令 允用于其次、愿,有“命令, 允Yo

13、u shall have the book tomorrow. 第三人称；诺,警告, 决心 ”诺 等意思；If you dont get out, I shall knock you down. 警告 4.shall/will/would 情态动词意义例句备注名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - will/would 表示学习必备欢迎下载I will do everything for you. 意愿None is so blind as those who 用于疑问句中； would 更委婉表请wont see. W

14、ill/ Would you please close 求the window？used to表示与现在的情形Fish will die without water. 表示某种Every time she was in 相反,表示 “过去如此而现在倾向trouble,she would turn to him 不再这样 ”；其后既可接表动或习for help. would指过去某一段时作的动词,也可接表状态的间的情形,常与表示过去的时间惯性动词；如：There used to be 状语连用, 意为 “ 总是,总会 ”,后动作面只能接动作性的动词； an apple tree in front

15、 of the house. 4.shall/will/would 情态动词意义例句备注will/would 表 示 功 能If you dont have a pen, a 与否定词连用常表示“ 拒能,行 pencil will do. We tried the 绝 ”；door again , but it wouldnt open. 名师归纳总结 表 示 推 测This will be the house you 第 8 页,共 31 页可能、大are looking for. I would be about ten when my father left 概 home. - - -

16、- - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载二、 情态动词 have done 情态动词意义例句备注must have 肯定 确定句 ；可You cant/couldnt 对过去的事情的估计done；能 确定句和否定have met my may/might 句 ；可能 疑问句grandmother. She have done ；died before you were 和否定句 born. can/could have done might have 原来可能做 而He might have 与过去事实相反的虚拟done; 未 做 ； 本 可 以giv

17、en you more help, 表达couldhave 做 而未做；本even though he was done ； would very busy.We could have done 来会做 而未做have walked there, and it was so near. 情态动词意义例句备注should/ought 本应当做 而未Your brother has 表示批评to have done 做failed English exam again. You ought to have given him more help. neednt have 本不需要做 但You ne

18、ednt have done 却做了wakened me up; I dont have to go to work today. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或估计；1 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法if 从句 主句与现在事实相反if 主语动词过去式主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语 had 过去主语分词should/would/could/might have 过去分词1

19、if 主语动词过去式与将来事实相反2if 主语 were to主语动词原形should/would/could/ might 动词原形3 if 主语 should 动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 了； 明天的情形仍不知道 If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 就好过多了； 惋惜当时没能准时做 留意：假如明天下雨的话,我就不开车假如我准时做的话,日子名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - -

20、 - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1 主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称,would 可用于任何人称；2 条件句中假如动词是 be ,其过去式全部人称的单复数都可用 were ；在第一、 三人称单数的口语中,可用 was 代替 were ；但在 if I were you 中,不能说成 if I was you；3 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一样时,主从句中动词的形式要依据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整,这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气” ；如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 假

21、如他们以前努力学习的话,现在干得就会简单些了；If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 假如他不听我的建议,他就不会干得这么好了；4 在条件句中, 假如有 were, had, should等,就可省略 if ,但应留意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前；如： If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.

22、假如他来,我将和他一道参与争论；5 有些虚拟条件句没有从句,虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的；如：But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 球上就没有生命；介词短语but for供应了虚拟条件 With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 完成任务； 介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句 2 虚拟语气在wish 从句中的用法专题八 正面解读要是没有空气和水,地要是有你的帮忙,我们就可以早些名师归纳总结 I wish 宾语从句愿望第 11 页

23、,共 31 页主语动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载过去不能实现的愿望主语 had 过去分词主语 would/might动词原形 将来不能实现的愿望I wish I were a doctor. 我期望我是个医生就好了；现在 I wish that the rain would stop. 我期望雨能停下来；将来 I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我期望他不要把事情搞大了；过去 3 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用1 在 insist ；comm

24、and ,order ；demand ,request ,require ,desire ；advise, propose, suggest ,recommend 等表示 “命令、要求、建议 ”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气；如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once. 他要她立刻离开这所房子；He proposed that we should deal with the problem by the view of development. 他建议我们应当用进展的眼光处理这个问题；2 与上述动词相对应的名词suggest

25、ion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气should 可省略 ；如：My proposal is that we should set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我的建议是为这个方案设定一个上交的期限；3 在 It be suggested ordered, demanded, proposed, 结构中,主语从句中 that 也要使用虚拟语气；如：Its required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个同学准时到校；名师归

26、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4 在 do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时,句子的动词也使用虚拟语气,即 “ should动词原形 ”的形式,其中 should 可以省略；如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we should buy. 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？5 在 Itsnecessary ,essential ,important, strange, natural 等形容词that

27、从句或 Its a pity,a shame 等名词that 从句中,谓语动词可以使用 should do ；如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必需立刻治疗；Its a pity that you should be so careless. 你竟然如此马虎,真是惋惜；4 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在 as if/though 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情形；用过去完成式,表示与过去相反的情形等；其变化与 Ive loved you as if

28、 you were my relative. 我始终爱你似乎你是我的亲人；5 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法wish 后的宾语从句的变化相同；如：1 Its high time that-从句中, 谓语动词可以使用过去式,也可使用 should 动词原形；表示 “早该 了”,其中 should 不行省略；如：Its high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了；2 would rather从句中, 谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情形相反；用过去完成式,表示与过去的情形相反；如：名师归纳总结 I would rather you came tomorr

29、ow. 我宁愿你明天来；第 13 页,共 31 页3 if only要是 多好啊；如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If only you hadnt offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了；If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了；4 其他一些表示希望的句型；如：May you succeed！祝你胜利！Long live the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！1. 【误】The streets are all dry; it mustn

30、t have rained last night. 【正】The streets are all dry; it cant have rained last night. 【解析】 对某一事实的否定估计不能用 must ,而要用 cant 或 couldnt 表示 “不行能 ”；2 【误】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. 【正】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. 【解析】猜

31、的事情发生在昨天,因此要用情态动词have done形式,当动词是be时,很简单忽视它的时态意义,要特殊留意；3 【误】He must be very friendly at times. 【正】He can be very friendly at times. 【解析】句意为：他有时会很友好；可知此处并非对现在的状态进行估计,而是一种理论上的可能性,因此用 can；4 【误】I cant find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - -

32、 - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载yesterday. 【正】I cant find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday. 【解析】表示对过去情形的估计,通常用 must/may/might have done sth. 另外,表示“把 遗忘在某地 ” 应用动词 leave ；5 【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【正】The fire spread through the hotel

33、 quickly, but everyone was able to get out. 【解析】表示在过去胜利地做到了某事,确定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.；6 【误】Will I open the window for you. 【正】Shall I open the window for you. 【解析】shall 与第一、第三人称连用,表示征求看法或恳求指示,这时不行用 will ；will 通常与其次人称连用,即 Will you？7 【误】The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. 【正】The

34、 plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. 【解析】依据第一句可知,植物已经死亡,所以应当是自责：本应当多浇些水的；要用 should have done 形式表示 “本应当做 而未做 ”；8 【误】Hadnt they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 名师归纳总结 【正】Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 第 15 页,共 31 页【正】If

35、 they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解析】当条件中含有学习必备欢迎下载were, had, should等时,可省略 if ,从而把 were, had, should提到主语之前；如条件句为否定句,就只把were, had, should提前, not 仍放在主语之后；9 【误】If only I saw the film yesterday. 【正】If only I had seen the film y

36、esterday. 其谓语动词应用过去完成式,即 if only 【解析】 if only后句子如表示过去的一种愿望,sb. had done sth. ；1Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh ,really ？It _ difficult. Acant have been Bneednt have been Cmust be Dmightnt be 【解析】A 考查情态动词； 对过去进行估计, 表示 “ 肯定不 ”应使用 cant have done；句意为： “我们班上每个人都通过了考试；” “哦,真的吗？那题目肯定不难；”2 2022 安徽卷

37、 Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people. Amust Bmay Cshould Dwould 【解析】B 句意为：有些人不喜爱讲话不肯定是害羞,他们可能是寂静的人；此处用 may 表示 “ 可能 ”之意；3 Why didnt you answer the phone last night. I _ when you called. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习

38、必备 欢迎下载Ahad to have slept Bhad to be sleeping Cmust have been sleeping Dmust have slept 【解析】C 由时间状语和结合语境来看,这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定估计,再结合题意,应当是 must have been doing 结构,选 C；4 When I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. Amight DBmust Cshould Dwould 或过去常常做的事情；【解析】这里描述的是

39、过去常常发生的动作5 This is the first time I _ my first picture with my own hands. It is time that you _ a picture for me. Atook; took Bhave taken; took Ctook; will take Dwill take; have taken 【解析】B This/It is the first time that 中,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；Its hi gh time that 中,从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式 即虚拟语气 ,意为 “该是做 的时候了 ”；6

40、Why hasnt Jack come back yet？_anything have happened to him. Im not sure, but I guess something_. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载AMay ；must have BCan；may have CMust ；may D Dare ； might have 【解析】 B 考查情态动词； 在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表估计常常用 can 或 could ,估计发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式,只能选 B；7It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it_ be rather cold sometimes. Amust Bcan Cshould Dwould ”,表示客观情形或规律上的可【解析】B