2022年高考英语语法精品教案:专题动词和动词短语.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查始终是高考的热点;因此在一轮的复习中要留意对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结;突出对其在详细的语境中意义挑选的把握;一、常考的十类动词及词组1连系动词特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态;连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:1 变化类,表事物进展变化的过程,如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等;2 感官类,表人体部位的感受,如 feel, smell, taste, look ,sound 等;3 状态类,表事物所处的状态,
2、如 keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等;4 外表特点类,表外表给人的印象,如 appear, seem, look 等;2感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch 等;感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式1 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 作补足语,表达不同的含义;常考的使役动词有make, have, keep 等;使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不
3、同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义;如:He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput B to be putting Cto put D putting 【解读】Dcatch sb doing sth“发觉、发觉某人做某事 ”,doing sth 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语;可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词仍有: feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave 等;3不用被动语态的动词及动词短
4、语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义;1 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特点,不用被动;这类动词有: sell, wash, write, last, read, wear 等;如:This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用;The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅;Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 由
5、于这篇文章是用简洁的英语写的,所以读起来很简洁;2 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义;2 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 这类动词有: open打开,营业 ,close 关门 ,shut 关闭,cut 切割,weigh 重,act 上演等;如:This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了;Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨;3 某些不及物动词及词组,本身表被动含义,所以它们常
6、用主动形式;这类动词及词组有: happen, occur, cost,come out 出版,turn up 被找到 ,come into being产生,come to ones mind想起,come into use 开头使用 , turn out证明是 ,come about 发生,break out 爆发 ,belong to 属于 ,come up被提出 , be worth 值得做 , be to blame 受批评 等;如:The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came o
7、ut in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于 18 世纪;Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个想法;Who is to blame for breaking the vase. 打碎花瓶应由谁负责?The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题最终在会议上被提出来了;Even the best theory can turn out to be wrong. 3 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - -
8、 - - - - - - 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的;4 “主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中;当形容词说明主语具有某种特点,主语又充当不定式的规律宾 语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义;常用于这一结构的 形容词有: easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive 等;如:The physics problem is easy to work out. 这道物理题很简洁算出来;A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱许多;This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合
9、吃;4接动名词作宾语的动词或词组 常见的有: avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等;如:The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运;He is always practicing playing the piano
10、after school. 他常常放学后练习弹钢琴;5接不定式作宾语的动词agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, 常 见 的 有 : afford, 4 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - decide, demand, determine, offer, pretend, promise, refuseexpect, hope, learn, long, manage, ,want 等;如:He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.
11、 他买不起这么贵的车;Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees. 汤姆胜利地砍倒数十棵数;6表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动含义;它们是:need, want, require等;如: Your sick mother needs looking after. Your sick mother needs to be looked after. 你病弱的母亲需要照料;7接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示 “应当 或命令、建议、要求等”时,其后的宾语从句用 should 加动词原形,其中 should 常可
12、省略;它们是: order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose 等;如:Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成;8表示“方案未能实现 ”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原先的方案未能实现;它们是:intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose 等;如:5 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 29
13、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.9现在表将来类这类动词 词组 常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来;它们是:come, go, leave, start, take off 等;如:arrive, move, begin, fall, see,
14、 stay, Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞;10带介词 to 的动词短语带 介 词 to 的 动 词 短 语 有 : be get used to, lead to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to 等;当它们后面显现动词时,要用 v.- ing 形式;Peter suggested that Tom go there at once. 彼得建议汤姆立刻去那;二、以动
15、词为词源形成的常用动词短语1. 以 break 为中心脱离,逃离break away from break down 出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解break in 闯进,打断6 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - break into 闯入;强行进入break out 爆发,发生break off 打断,断绝,折断;突然终止break through 突破;克服break up 破裂;解散,分解;终止2. 以 bring 为中心bring about 导致,引起,促使bring back 带回,使回忆,使复原b
16、ring down 使下降,打垮,击落bring forward 提出;提前bring in 把 带进来;引进;挣得 收入 bring on 导致,引起,使进展bring out 使显现;出版bring up 抚养,哺育,培育3. 以 call 为中心call at 拜访某地;停靠在call away 叫走;把 留意力 转移开call for 需要,要求;接 某人,迎call in 召集,收集;下令收回call off 取消,下令停止call on 要求,恭请;号召;拜望 某人 call out 下令罢工;呼唤出动7 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 29 页精
17、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - call up 打电话给 ;召集;使想起4. 以 carry 为中心carry away 冲走,带走;冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回,运回;使想起carry off 胜利地应付;获得 奖品 carry on 坚持,连续,进行carry out 贯彻,执行,实施5. carry through 坚持究竟,进行究竟;履行承诺 以 come 为中心come about 发生come across 有时发觉;偶然遇到come back 回来;复原,复原come off 头发、牙齿、纽扣 脱落,离开come on 上演;开头;赶快;进展come o
18、ut 出来;发芽;出版;结果是;说出come over 拜访;突然感到come round/around 清醒;拜望;再次发生come to an end 终止,终止when it comes to清醒就 而论,谈到come to life come to light 明朗化,显现,显露出来come to oneself 复原常态8 / 29 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - come true 实现,成为现实come up 走近;发生;发芽; 问题被提出6. 以 cut 为中心cut away 切去,砍掉cut
19、down 砍倒,削减,缩短cut off 切断,中断;阻碍,阻挡cut out 切下,剪下,裁下;删去cut through 开创出路等 cut up 切碎,切掉;使哀痛7. 以 fall 为中心fall back 撤退,后退fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面fall down 不够好8. fall in love with爱上 fall into 陷入;养成fall off 衰退,削减fall over 被 绊倒以 get 为中心get about 徘徊,走动;流传get across 使被懂得get along 前进,进步;离去,相处get around 走动;传播9 / 29
20、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 29 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - get away 离开,逃脱get back 取回,回来;报复get down to 认真对待,静下心来get out of 由 出来,从 得出;防止;舍弃get over 越过;复原,痊愈;克服;完成get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱get through 拨通;到达;完成;通过;及格get up 起床,起立;忙于,从事9. 以 give 为中心give away 赠送;失去;泄露give back 归仍;使复原give in 屈服,让步,投降give off 发出烟、
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