2022年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 专题七 非谓语动词一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类：分词现在分词和过去分词、动名词和动词不定式；它们具出名词和形容词的某些特点,因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语；1分词 1感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,不定式作补语表示动作发 生的全过程；I saw him walking across the road. 正在穿过大路 I saw him walk across the road. 看到过了大路的全过程 being done都有被动意义, 前者表示2及物动词的过去分词done与现在分词的一般被动式动作完成,后者表示动

2、作正在进行；The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. 已经被钉在墙上了 The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. 正被钉在墙上 留意：不定式有表将来之意；The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. 将要被钉在墙上 3分词的独立主格结构：假如分词短语的规律主语与句子的主语不一样,需用一个独立结构即保留分词的规律主语或者由一个with / without 引导的介

3、词短语表达；Time permitting, well do another two exercises. His work finished, he prepared to go home. With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 2动名词 1动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途,而现在分词表动作或状态、特点；2动名词的复合结构作宾语,动名词的规律主语可用宾格代词或不带全部格；但作主语不 行；Do you mind my / me / Tom smoking here. My / Toms smoking here annoyed her. 3

4、动名词作主语仍可用于“There be no动名词 ”结构和布告形式的省略中；There is no knowing what he will do next. No smoking. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3动词不定式1不定式作介词宾语时,如前面有实义动词do各种形式 ,就不定式不带to；否就不能省to；He did nothing all the morning but watch TV . He said nothing but to sleep. 2不定式作定语时,假如不定式与所修饰的名词有规律

5、上的动宾关系,且不定式的动词是 不及物动词,不能漏掉介词；I want a small room to live in. I need a nice pen to write with. 3不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词let, make 的宾补,动词不定式不带to,但句子变成被动语态时,要带to；I saw him go into the room. 二、过去分词 He was seen to go into the room.过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式,它在句中可作定语、 状语、表语和宾语补足语；1过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句；Whats the langu

6、age that is spoken in that area. 那个地区讲的是什么语言？The book,which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书写于1957 年,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事；2过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语,可以表示缘由、时间、条件、方式和相伴情形；Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 有了闻名的侦探的 指点,年轻的女士不再可怕了；When heated, water can b

7、e changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸气；Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 假如多留意一些, 这些大白菜仍可 以长得更好；The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子,后面跟着他的狗；He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内；三、动词不定式名师归纳总结 1省略 “to ”的动词不定式第 2 页,共 48 页- - - - - - -精

8、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - to 是动词不定式常常带有的小品词,是动词不定式的标志； 但在以下情形下它常常被省略掉：1 作感官动词 see,watch,hear,feel,notice 等的宾语补足语时；We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇动；2 作使役动词 make,let,have 等的宾语补足语时；She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她；3 help 后的宾语补足语前可带 to 也可不带 to；She helped her mother to prepare for Christmas.

9、 她帮忙母亲为圣诞节做预备；2疑问词动词不定式 疑问词 what,which ,how,where,when 等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语；“ 疑 问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等；When to start off hasnt been decided yet. 作主语 什么时候动身仍没打算；The question is which bus to take. 作表语 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车；四、动词 ing 形式动词 ing 形式 包括现在分词和动名词有一般时和完成时两种形式,并且也都有被动语态,在句中可以作主语、宾语、状语和补语等成分；高考英语试题中对动词ing 形式考查

10、主要集中在以下几个方面：1动词 ing 形式作宾语 在某些 finish, enjoy, appreciate, avoid, suggest, consider, imagine, stand, excuse, delay, escape, risk, miss, admit, permit, allow ing 形式作宾语；My brother is now considering changing his present job. The bird was very lucky because it missed being shot by the hunter. 2动词 ing 形式作

11、宾语时和不定式的区分动词的后面只能接动词在 forget, remember, regret 等动词后接动词ing 形式和不定式作宾语在含义上有区分；Remember to put the book on the desk when you leave the room. 记得去做某事 I remember putting the book on the desk, but its gone now. 记得做过某事 3动词 ing 形式作状语 动词 ing 形式可以作时间状语、相伴状语、缘由状语等；“We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, look

12、ing out of the window. The secretary stayed up late last night, preparing a report for the manager. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4动词 ing 形式作宾补 动词 ing 形式作补语时和前面的名词有规律上的主谓关系；It is generally considered bad manners to sit with your feet pointing to others. You will be fired i

13、f you are found smoking in the kitchen. 5动词 ing 形式的完成时和语态动词 ing 形式的被动式由“ being done” 构成,它作定语时表示正在进行或和谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作；动词ing 形式的完成时由“ havingdone” 构成,表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；The stadium being built can hold 50,000 people when completed. Having being shown around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground

14、. 纵观近年的高考题,考查点是非谓语动词作定语、宾语补足语和状语的区分；一、非谓语动词作定语时的区分现在分词 doing 作定语,表示一个主动的或正在进行的动作；现在分词的被动语态 being done 表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；不定式 生的动作；to do 作定语表示一个将要发The meeting which is being held now is very important. 正在召开的这个会议很重要；The meeting which was held yesterday is very important. The meeting which will be held to

15、morrow is very important. 二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区分昨天召开的会议很重要；明天将要召开的会议很重要；不定式与宾语的规律关系是主谓关系,强调动作将发生或已经完成；现在分词与宾 语的规律关系是主谓关系,强调动作正在进行, 尚未完成； 过去分词与宾语的规律关系是动宾关系,表示动作已经完成,多强调状态；I expect them to win the game. 我期盼他们赢得这场竞赛；I heard him call me several times. 我听见他给我打了几次电话了；I found her listening to the radio. 我发觉她正在听收

16、音机；三、非谓语动词作状语的区分过去分词表示被动和动作完成；现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行；不定式表示目的；Discussed Having been discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 在争论了多次 之后,问题最终解决了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Having finished his work, he went out to play. 完成了工作后,他出去玩了；To catch the first bus, he got u

17、p early. 为了赶上早班车,他起得很早；高考真题探究（ 20062022 年）【2022 全国卷 ,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法；【解析】 句意为 “ 接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来；” rise 升起来和 see看到这两个动作是同时发生的,因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生；选 B；【2022 全国卷 II,15】The island, to t

18、he mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 由于有一座桥与大陆连接,那个岛屿很简洁去；” join 是及物动词,但空格后没有宾语, 故使用 join 的过去分词形式, 充当表示状态或性质的形容词用,选项 A、B、D 都是主动式,需要后接宾语,因此排除；选 C；【2022 全国卷 II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argum

19、ent. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 【答案】 D 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Sarah 假装高兴,对那次争辩什么也没说；” A和 B 项是谓语动词形式,句中没有连词,故排除；C 项是作目的状语,而句中是相伴状态,应选 D；【2022 北京卷 ,25】It s important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 常常更

20、新这些数值很重要；” B 和 D 项表示发生过的某件详细的事,但句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 尾的 regularly 表示常常发生的事, 故用一般现在时； for 引出的规律主语 the figures 与 update存在着被动关系,应选 A；【2022 北京卷 ,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have ke

21、pt 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Emma,你坐下吧；老这么站着你会累的；” A项 to keep 是表示将来； C项 having kept 和 D 项 to have kept 表示动作先发生； make yourself more tired 与 keeping on you feet 同时进行,应选 B；【2022 天津卷 ,7】Passeagers are permitted plane. only one piece of hand luggage onto the A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. be

22、ing carried 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】 句意为 “ 旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机；” permit sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事,句中是被动语态,Passeagers是 carry 的规律主语,用主动式,应选 A；【2022 天津卷 ,12】into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 【答案】 B 【考

23、点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 翻译成英语后,发觉这个句子的词序全变了；间存在着被动关系,故用过去分词,答案 B；” the sentence与 translate 之【2022 上海春招 ,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished. A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Mike 在他屋子外的大街上发觉了他丢失的汽车,看上去刚擦得干洁净净

24、,仍打过腊；” A项 looked 是谓语形式, 但句中没有连词； B 项不定式 to look 和 D 项 to be looking名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 假如都表结果,那只能由Mike 执行这个动作,与题意不符；C 项 looking 说明车子的特性,作相伴状语,应选 C；【2022 上海春招 ,36】riginal fun park. in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the A. Opened B. Having o

25、pened C. Opening D. Being opened 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 很多人认为1955 年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园特别好玩；” open开业,与 Disneyland 之间存在着被动关系；生,应选 A ；D 项 Being opened 表正在进行,但开业的事实已经发【2022 上海春招 ,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have wor

26、ked D. to have been working 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford 被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一；” “做过木匠 ”这事发生在过去,不定式应当用完成式,表示发生过,排除 星,排除 D 项,选 C；A 、B 项；由于现在是明【2022 山东卷 ,27】Look over there there s a very long, winding path up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“

27、看那儿,有一条长长的曲折小路向上延长到那座房子；” leading 作为 path的后置定语,相当于 which leads；选 A；【2022 江苏卷 ,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词；名师归纳总结 【解析】 句意为 “ 最近一项调查引起了市民们的猛烈争论,该调查

28、是比较在两个不同超市里第 7 页,共 48 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的相同商品的价格； ” 句子的主语是a survey,谓语动词是has caused,宾语是 heated debate；由此可见,原句不缺主干成分,“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets 该部”分是来修饰 survey 的,做后置定语；排除 C 作谓语动词的选项；由于 prices 作 compare 的宾语,是主动形式,所以选 B；【2022 福建卷 ,23】Tsinghua University

29、, figures. in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 建于 1911 年的清华高校培育了一大批杰出的人士；” Tsinghua University与 found 之间存在着被动关系,to be founded 不定式表将来；founded 过去分词表被动,也表动作已完成,应选 C；【2022 福建卷 ,27】The difference in thickness and w

30、eight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable . D. to hold A. held B. holding C. be held 【答案】 D 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“iPad 2 与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同,拿在手里很舒适；” 在用 easy, difficult, hard, comfortable 等形容词构成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语；hold 与前面的 the iPad 2 有规律上的动宾关系,故用主动式；因此,选 D；【2022 安徽卷 , 30】Tom asked the

31、candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 【答案】 D 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】 句意为“ Tom 问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更简洁扳成小块；” 在用 easy, difficult, hard, comfortable 等形容词构成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语；在着动宾关系,故用主动式的不定式,选 D；to break 与 the chocolate 存【2022 浙江卷 ,3】Bats are

32、surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A.having B had C. have D. to have 【答案】 A 【考点】考查独立主格结构；【解析】句意为“ 令人惊奇的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20 年左右； ” had和 have是谓语动词形式,题中没有连词,无法并存两个句子；to have 表将来； having 表相伴,因此,选 A；【2022 浙江卷 ,14】E

33、ven the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发觉他们难以用文字表达自己；” lose 是及物动词, A、C、 D 项都是主动式,空格后没有 lose 的宾语,故用过去分词 lost 当形容词用,作 find themselves 的宾语补足语；选 B；【2022 浙江卷 ,19】If they win the final tonight, the team ar

34、e going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 假如他们赢了今晚的决赛,队员们将会巡游全城, 接受热心支持者的欢呼；”A 项 being cheered 正在进行； B 项 be cheeresd是谓语原形； D 项 were cheered也是谓语, 但句中已有谓语 are going to；C 项 to be cheered

35、 表示将来, 同时也表示被动； 依据语境, 选 C；【2022 四川卷 ,2】Ladex does t feel like abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Ladex 不情愿去国外留学,由于她的父母年纪大了；” feel like doing sth.想要做某事,习惯表达法；因此选 B；【2022 四川卷 ,11】Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it co

36、uld fly. A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep 【答案】 D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】 句意为 “ Simon 制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞起来；” make a big bamboo box 的目的是为了 keep the little sick bird ,因此选 D 表示目的状语；A 项构成使役用法,大竹盒无生命力,不能执行这个动作；B 项是谓语词,与句中 made 冲突； C 项是相伴状语,表示 made 与

37、keep 同时进行；依据句意选 D；【2022 四川卷 ,16】an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ Andy 在一部新影片中扮演重要角色,这就有了成名的机会； ” offer sb. sth.主动供应某人某物；句中Andy 与 offer 之间存在着被动关系,应选C；【2022 重庆卷 ,29】More TV programs, according to g

38、overnment officials, will be produced A.to raise people s concern over food safety.C.to have raised D. having raised B.raising 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“ 据政府官员说, 为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注,将制作更多的电视节目；”raising 表示相伴； to have raised 表示动作已发生；having raised 表示动作先发生；to raise 表示目的状语,事情仍没有发生,是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的,因此,选 A；【

39、2022 重庆卷 ,33】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】 句意为 “ Michael 在他的床头贴了姚明的照片提示自己不要忘了自己的理想；”空格前的 himself 与动词 remind 之间存在着被动关系；应选 C；【2022 陕西卷 ,14】Claire had her luggage an hour bef

40、ore her plane left. A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked 【答案】 D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】句意为“Claire 在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查；” have sth. done让 被做” ；规律主语是her luggage,和 check 的关系是被动关系,所以答案选择D；【2022 陕西卷 ,20】More highways have been built in China,_ to travel

41、 form one place to another. it much easier for people A. making B. made C. to make D. having made 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词；【解析】 句意为 “ 中国修建了越来越多的高速大路,人们更加便利从一个地点到另外一个地 点；” 空格后面是 it,说明是主动关系,排除 B；不能选择 C 的缘由是 to do 做目的状语,不 符合句意；答案选择 A ,表示结果；【2022 湖南卷 ,21】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself

42、A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法；【解析】句意为“ 想法重要,提出想法的才能也同样重要；” express 修饰的是 ability, 为主动关系,排除 B 和 D 表示被动的选项；ability 作为一个抽象名词,通常使用动词不定式做定语,联系到短语 be able to do sth,不难推断正确选项为 C；【2022 湖南卷 ,23】The players this summer game . from the whole country are expecte

43、d to bring us honor in A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法；【解析】 句意为“ 人们期望着从全国各地选择出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉；” select 修饰 players, 为被动关系,只有C 选项表被动；应选C；【2022 湖南卷 ,29】Do you wake up every morning day. energetic and ready to start a new A. feel B. to feel C. feeling

44、 D. felt 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 48 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解析】句意为“ 每天早上醒来后,你是否感到精力充足,并为新的一天作好了预备？”wake up 作句子的谓语, 句中没有连词,排除谓语动词feel；to feel 表将来, 与 wake up 组成一先一后的动作关系,felt 作为过去分词表被动,与 you 这个规律主语冲突, 应选 C,feeling作相伴状语；【2022 辽宁卷 ,30】around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 【答案】 C 【考点】考查