2022年高考英语阅读理解猜测词意.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年高考英语阅读懂得推测词意高考英语阅读懂得推测词意（词义）解题策略浏阳五中高三备课组在词义推测题中, 所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要依据短文供应的语境, 通过阅读上下文,依据已知的信息或常识来估计尚不熟识的词或词组的含义；定义或者同义说明：作者经常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮忙读者懂得词义,特殊在一些科普类、 社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中,定义说明作者所用词的精确含义；下定义时,作者通常使用信号词,如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to

2、, known as 等等；利用同义说明猜词同义说明形式多样,有的利用下定义,有的利用or ,that isto say, in other words ,namely 等引出后面的说明,有的利用破折号、同位语 从句 、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的说明；1Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 2It will be very hard but very brittle that is, it will break easily.3. This was a very domesticated bird that needed help

3、or it would not survive.A. Having been abandoned B. Having been used to home lifeC. Having been used to life in the wild D. Having been weak and hungry 4. He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.5. She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French eq

4、ually well.6. Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. 7. The schools are reluctant to take time off had trouble getting the day off. even teachers with tickets for the England-Argent. The underlined word “ reluctant” may probably mean_.A. k

5、ind B. unwilling C. free D. careless同义词（近义词）在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了防止语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思相同或相近的词； 因此,考生只要读懂上下文, 知道其中一个词的意思, 就能猜出另外一个词的意思；并列关系 同义关系）提示词： and, also, as 词义 ； as, the same as 利用语境及前后的提示来推测例如： I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2022, Ive done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been

6、 abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor捐献者 to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of t

7、ime.题目 .Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ courier ” in Paragraph1.A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor9. Mr. White loves to talk; his wife is also as loquacious as him. 10. Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym. 11. The new tax law

8、supersedes, or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.12. If you agree, write “ Yes” ; if you dissent, write “ No” . 13. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 利用构词法猜词1 / 9 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,

9、共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年高考英语阅读懂得推测词意英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的,运用构词法判定生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法；依据构词法推测词义英语中的很多词汇,特殊是不断显现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的；因此,把握主要的构词法有助于推测词义；1 Overwork may cause diseases.2 There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes. 合成词 For them, playing we

10、ll and winning are often life-and-death affairs.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her pre

11、sence. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.词性转换（说明意思）He is a man with broad s

12、houlders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. trouble 词性与意义？ 真题演练 A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness ,or worry.利用语境及规律关系猜词利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、说明、定义和举例等关系来推测词义；同时要特殊留心某些词语,如 or,that is,in other words

13、,including,although,but,even if,on the other hand,on the contrary, other than,rather than,more than,instead of等；1重述作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清晰,通常会使用常用、 简明的词或词组对其进行说明,这就是重述；重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开 有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号 或用信号词引导；常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in ano

14、ther way等等；典例In the library, I found my way into the“ Childrens Room.” I sat down on the floor andbooks off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.2 举例：作者经常会通过对

15、某一难词给出具体的例子,帮忙读者懂得该词的词义； 举例常用的信号词有： such as, such .as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等；典例 Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. 1. Tom must be ve

16、ry affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce convertible, and owns a $1,750,000 house in London.2. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, English Learning, or Reader3对比转折法：依据反义词或对比关系推测词义；有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子, 这时就可依据反义词线索推测词义；表示对比或反义的信号词 /词组常

17、见的有：whether.or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand,but, however, although , though,while然而 , rather than, instead of 等标志词；典例 If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you ca

18、n attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.2 / 9 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年高考英语阅读懂得推测词意73The underlined word “ upbeat ” in the second paragraph probably means “ _” . Acheerf

19、ul BaverageCserious Dtemporary1. He had been getting better, However, during the night his condition deteriorated.2. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 3. Though Toms fac

20、e has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.4. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.6. Time is something from whic

21、h we cant escape. Even if we ignore it, its still going by, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, in charge.” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.The underlined word “ ally ”

22、 most likely means somebody or something that is _.A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps youB. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you（4）因果关系法：依据前后句因果关系推测词义；Signal words: because,since ,so, such that, so that, for, ect. I could see nothing because

23、the light was toofaint. I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word “ presumptuous ” is closest in meaning to ” .“Afull of respect B rude and too confident Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet 1. The collision of the two cars caused

24、 a lot of damage to both.a. side-by-side b. striking c. acting2. My dog is hostile to strangers and therefore will bark at you and may bite you until he gets to know you.a. friendly b. kind c. unfriendly 3. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow；4 . Th

25、at museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.5. The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.6）Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants.

26、Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.What do the underlined words “ pack out what you pack in” probably mean.A. Keep everything out of campgrounds.B. Take away everything you bring in.C.

27、Carry all the necessary food.D. Look after your personal belongings.典例 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream

28、 for most apple lovers who fall for it.30What does the underlined phrase “ a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean. 3 / 9 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年高考英语阅读懂得推测词意AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan

29、. DA selfish desire. 典例 This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entir

30、e buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.63The underlined word “ hoist ” in Paragraph 4 means “ _”AchangeBlift Crepair Ddecorate依据语法学问推测词义在英语句子中, 同位语或同位语从句、定语从句 供推测词义的线索；等都起着说明说明、补充或限定的作用,因此也能提典例 Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom

31、. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.65What does the underlined word“ tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to.ACountries where their people ne

32、ed help.BPowerful states with higher civilization. CSplendid empires where people enjoy freedom.DGovernments ruled with absolute power. 依据生活常识肯定生活常识体会：依据自身的直接或间接的体会,运用自己已有的常识 宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词估计出来；, 以及英美国家的风俗习惯、1. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots 嫩芽） , or young leav

33、es of trees.The word “ pruning ” means_A. Regular cutting of the plants B. Frequent wateringC. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain2. Husband：It s really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are almost numb. How about lighting the fireplace. a. dying b. frozen

34、c. hurt3. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter 散射 light,bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an

35、object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.The underlined word “ dead” in Paragraph 3 means _Asilently Bgradually Cregularly Dcompletely4. My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relative

36、s give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnsalesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home

37、 that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately ,I didnt get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “ signed off” in Paragraph 1._Aended all their programs4 / 9 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - -

38、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年高考英语阅读懂得推测词意Bprovided fewer channels Cchanged to commercials Dshowed all night movies 代词指代推测题代词指代题要求考生依据语境的规律关系,判定画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象,包括考查 it指动物、无生命的事物、 特定的大事或人 ,they/them指代人、物、大事的复数名词 ,he/she等人称代词的

39、指代意义,以及指示代词this,that,these,those 等在文章中的指代意义,以考查考生对文章中表达的特定的人、物、大事的再认才能；例 Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputat

40、ion for providing a great riding experience.What does the underlined word “ They” refer to._AFlooded waters. BWildlife journeys.CSafari camps. DUnique rides.例 However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to g

41、et really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “ that ” refers to _.A. being good at something C. putting in more timeB. setting a practical goal D. succeeding in life例 It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But

42、he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.When did Lisa become conscious

43、again.A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform.C. After the police and fire officials came. D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.例 Twain racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography 自传 about how mu

44、ch he loved what were called “ nigger shows” in his youthwhite men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness tha

45、t they did not. What does the underlined word “ they ” refer to.A. The attacks B. Slavery and prejudice C. White men D. The shows例 Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once theybeyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and p

46、ulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.What does “ it ” refer to.A. The beach B. The waterC. The boat D. The wind例 However,physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way,who led t