2022年高考英语动词词义辨析练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神语法复习九：动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大, 并逐年增加； 动词辨义主要指： 1、外形相同的动词之间辨义；如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 等；2、意义相近的动词之间辨义；如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish 等；3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相像的词的辨义；如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, pas

2、t 等；4、意义不同,但简单混淆的动词的辨义；如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等；5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义；如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等； 6、某些常用动词短语的辨义；如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等；（一）易混动词1、lay（放） , lie （躺）与 lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分词

3、 现在分词 说 明放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词2、rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物动词,其过去式是 rose,过去分词是 risen,而 raise 是及物动词,是规章动词；3、hear 与 listen to ：hear 侧重点是听到,听见什么,而 listen to 是侧重于听的倾向,但 hear用于无意中的听见,而 listen to 却用于集中留意力的听；4、see, watch 和 look ：see用作看电影,剧目；watch 就用作看电

4、视竞赛,而 watch 仍有在旁观看之意；如： Are you going to play or only watch. ；look 一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如：The little boy looked me in the face. （小男孩直盯着我的脸；）5、wind 和 wound：wind 意为曲折而行, 其过去式与过去分词都是 wound,而动词原形 wound意为损害,其过去式、过去分词都是 wounded；6、hang 的用法： hang 有两个意思： 一为悬挂, 是不规章动词, 过去式、 过去分词都是 hung；二为绞刑,是规章动词,其过去式、过去

5、分词都是 hanged；7、hear 的过去分词 born 与 borne：bear 作为诞生讲有两个过去分词 born,borne；只有当be+born 短语后没有 by 介词短语时, 才可用 born；如 :He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne；如： She has borne five children. 但假如作忍耐讲,就一律用 borne；8、sit 与 seat： seat 为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit 只是表示一动作；seat 假如表示就座时要用 be seated；如： They were seated at their desks. 或

6、用 seat oneself, 比如 :I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend 与 keep：借入英文中用borrow ,借出用 lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬时动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用 keep；10、win 与 beat：win 作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人, 假如接人就有另外的含意；如 :I have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感；而 beat 是及物

7、动词为击败、赛过讲,直接接人、队；11、steal 与 rob：steal 为偷； rob 为抢,其用法不同；rob 其后接人 +of+抢的物品；steal 其后接物 +from+ 某人、某地,而名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神12、fit 与 suit：fit 与 suit 均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方；如 fit 用于尺寸大小的合适,而 suit 就多用于颜色式样的合适；13、take, bring 与 fetch：英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来 即双程 ；所以拿来,

8、带来是 bring ,拿去带走是 take,而去取回来是 fetch；14、shut 与 close：shut 与 close 有时是可以互换的,但有些地方就不行这样做；如 :在正式场合多用 close,而在命令, 态度粗暴的场合就用shut；如:Shut your mouth. 闭嘴 ；又如 :Shut up. 在指铁路、大路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,就要用 close；15、answer 与 reply：作为回答讲answer 是及物动词, 如作不及物动词, 就意义不同, 如 answer for ,意为向某人或向某事负责；而reply 作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to；16、

9、reach,arrive 与 get to：reach 当到达讲是及物动词,而当延长和拿得到、拿不到时讲,就是不及物动词；作到达讲时仍有 get to, arriveat/in ；17、cost,spend 与 take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法； cost 作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而 spend 的主语不能是物；如 : she spent all his money on stamps.而 take 作花费讲时, 可用人也可用物做主语；更多的用法是用形式主语 it ,如 It takes me three hours to finish th

10、is work. 18、lost, gone 与 missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用 lost, gone,但要用 miss时就不能用 missed, 而要用 missing. 19、have on, wear, put on 及 dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种；have on 与 wear作穿着状态讲 ;但 have on 不用进行时态,而 wear 就常要用进行时态；put on 是动作,但 dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如 :He was dressed in a b1ue suit 作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物

11、而要接反身代词或表示人、in the morning every day. 20、begin 与 start 物的名词,如：I dress my children begin 与 Start 均可作开头讲,并无多少区分,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合 多要用 Start：1机器的开动发动； 2旅途的开头； 如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street ；21、allow 与 permit allow 与 permit 其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词就要用不定式,所

12、以用在被动语态时肯定要用不定式；如：22、find 与 found find 找到的过去式和过去分词都是People are not allowed to spit. found,而 found 是动词“ 建立” 的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如： The People s Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与 tell 英文中讲有 4 个词, speak, say, talk, tell ,但其中 speak, talk 多用作不及物动词,但 speak 后加语言名词时就用作及物动

13、词,如：Please speak English；而 say 与 tell 是及物动词,其中 tell 常用作接双宾语,如：Tell me a story；但也有些特定的习惯用法,如：在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly；在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为 It said ；在作辨别不同讲时是 tell ,如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如： The father always

14、speaks well of his son. ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神24、excuse me 与 sorry 歉；excuse me 用于来打拢对方前以提示对方留意的提示语,而 sorry 就表达因作了某事向对方道25、care for 与 care to do care for 其后要接不定式时就要省去for 或换用名词,如：Would you care for a cup of tea ？但care for 作照管讲时与 look after 相同；26、与名词易混的动词有：

15、advisev., advice n.; acceptv., exceptprep.; passv., pastprep.; bathev., bathn.; breathev., breathn.; choosev., choicen.; succeedv., successn.; 27、意义相近的动词：ring 摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike 专指敲钟,打几点,撞击；suggest提出试验性或估计性的建议,advice 表示对体会不足人的一种忠告；look 由视觉得出的印象, seem示意肯定依据的判定,appear 外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay 停留,逗留, remain

16、遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发觉）找到早已存在但未被人所明白的东西,invent（创造）研制出不存在的东西；remember 记忆起以前经受或知道的事,remind 提示某人做某事；28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词 to 的词组有： come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belo

17、ng to, devote to, reply to 30、与 in 相结合的动词有： give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配；有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异；需把握以下要点：1、依据动词短语的不同特点,把握其运用规律；I 动词 +副词 不及物 Harry turned up after the party when ever

18、yone had left. 2动词 +副词 及物 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里显现了；Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉；留意：假如宾语较长,就应防止把副词同动词分开；如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了全部仍在亮着的灯；假如宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之 间；如： She gave them away. 她送掉了它们；3动词 +介词 及物 Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜；留意：当它跟宾语时,

19、不能把介词放在宾语后面；动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾；如： Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应对不了；4动词 +副词 +介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我希望不久就见到你；注：“ 动词 +介词” 、“ 动词 +名词 +副词” 、“ 动词 +副词 +介词” ,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不行漏掉介词；In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. 不能漏掉 after 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼

20、顾了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神2、熟识同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异；1 同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异； 如：hear from 收到 的来信, hear of 听说；look after 照管, look at 看, look for 查找；2 同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异； 如：ring back 回电话 , ring off 挂断电话 , ring up 打电话 put away 放好 , put on 穿,上演 ,

21、 put up 挂起,举起；3 不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异；如：look for 查找 , call for 去取 某物 ,去接某人 , ask for 恳求 , wait for 等候 , send for 派人去叫；4 不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异； 如：break out 发生,爆炸 , carry out 进行,开展 , go out 熄灭 , hand out 分发 , let out 放出 , look out 当心 , sell out 卖完 , set out 动身 , take out 取出 , work out 算出；break down 出毛病

22、, come down 落下来 , get down 下车 , take down 取下 , write down 写下；练习、动词词义辨析 1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words. A. point B.speak C.say D.tell 2.I _ you will write me back soon. A. wish B.hope C.want D.need 3.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him. A. spe

23、nd B. spare C.save D. share 4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. A. have B.let C. agree D. allow 5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy. A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run 6.I can _ you to the railway station in my car. A. send B.pick C.ride D.take 7.If no one _ t

24、he phone at home, ring me at work. A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives 8.1 dont know the restaurant, but its_ to be quite a good one. A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_ them for her. A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch 10. There was a fi

25、ght in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _. A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut 11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results 12. Ive_my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost 13 .The doctor say

26、s a few days rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. make B.do 读书破万卷下笔如有神D.get C.give 14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question. A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran 15. The cooking chicken _ very good. A. smells

27、B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 16. Most children stay at home until they _ school age. A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive 17. A single mistake here could _ you your life. A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost 18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam. A. like B. expect C. think D.need 19. We _ each

28、other the best of luck in the examination. A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished 20. Im afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like to_a message. A.give B.leave C.carry D.take 21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat. A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on 22. The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue

29、skirt. A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy 23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin _ to America for further study. A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent 24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital. A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent 25. The father i

30、nsisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music. A. be B. should be C.was D. would be 26.I _ the television set for 1, 500 yuan. A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent 27.I _ play football than basketball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 28. - What are you doing. - Im look

31、ing_ the children. They should be back for lunch now. A.after B.at C.for D.up 29. The sports meet will be _ till next week because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down 30.I really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can _ it. A. get back from B. get out of

32、C. get away D. get off 31. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through 32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder. 名师归纳总结 A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on 第 5 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学

33、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神33.1 can t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little. A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up 34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four _. A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up 35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at onc

34、e. A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up 36. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight and well go there togethe; A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to _. A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them

35、out 38. Your composition must be _ after class. A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over 39. A new school was _ in the village last year. A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up 40. - When did the plane _. -At 2 oclock. D. take place A. take off B. take up C. take away 41. _. The

36、res danger ahead. A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out 42.Lets_ to clean the house. Its too dirty. A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down 43.I used to _ my teacher when I was in Beijing. A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on 44. He _ from his family and settled down in America. A.

37、broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 45. He had to _ his fathers business after his death, though he didnt really want to continue it. A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on 46. The robbers had no trouble in _ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. b

38、reaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from 47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy_ the crops in the fields. A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in 48. All the students _ their holidays to take part in planting trees. A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gav

39、e away 49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and _ the tools. A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after 50._ this article and tell me what you think of it. 名师归纳总结 A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through 第 6 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神参考答案语法复习九：动词词义辨析名师归纳总结 15 DBBDA 610 CAABA 1115 CBBAA 1620 CDBDB 2125 AADAC 第 7 页,共 7 页2630 AACAB 3135 CDCBC 3640 ADCBA 4145 DBDAD 4650 BDCAD - - - - - - -