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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考常用词汇、词组辨析本部分将常用易混词和词组归纳为127 例,进行具体的辨析,并举例说明,以便于考生把握使用;以下这些词大部分显现在大纲词表上,考生应在学习中特殊留意加以区分;(1)abroad adv. /aboard adv. /board n.&v. 前两个词是副词,词形相近,简单记混;这两个词的意思差异很大;abroad 意为“ 在国外”;而aboard 的意思是“ 登(机) ,上(车船等) ” ,与动词 go 搭配来表示登机等;最终一个词 board 常用来表示“ 登机,上船”,是动词;例: I have deci
2、ded to study abroad next year. 我已打算明年去国外读书;It is time to go aboard. 现在该登机了;We are asked to board half an hour before departure time. 起飞前半小时之内,我们必需登机;(2)absorb v. /concentrate v. absorb 原义为“ 吸取”,引申词义为“ 吸引(留意力,精力等)” ,常用于 be absorbed in sth. 表示“ 被 吸引住,用心于”;concentrate 的意思是“ 集中精神,全神贯注,全神贯注”,多与 on 或 upon
3、 连用;例: The picture absorbed my attention. 我被这幅画迷住了;He found his brother absorbed in the watching of the match. 他发觉弟弟在全神贯注地看竞赛;She tried to concentrate on her work in the university. 她试图用心致志地在高校里工作;(3)accomplish vt. /complete vt.&a. /achieve vt. accomplish 的词义是 “ 成功地完成每项任务”,特殊指经过肯定努力后完成;complete 主要指“
4、 全部完成了, 没有剩下” ,另外 complete 也是形容词, 意为“ 完整的, 完全的” ;achieve 与 accomplish 相近,指“ 经过努力最终达到预期的目标”;例: I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing. 我知道在北京的第一年我已经取得了一些成就;I have just completed the revision of this report. 我刚刚完成对报告的修订;He went to London without having achieved any su
5、ccess. 他一事无成便去了伦敦;(4)accurate a. /correct a. /exact a. accurate 的意思是“ 精确的,精确的”;correct 的意思是“ 正确的,没有错误的”;exact 的意思是“ 准确的,正好的”;例: I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle. 我需要有关战事缺失的精确数字;This is not the correct answer to that question. 这不是那个问题的正确答案;These are the exact tools those p
6、eople used several thousand years ago. 这些人几千年前用的就是这种工具;(5)acquire v. /require v. /inquire v. 这几个词词形、发音相近,简单记混;acquire 的意思是“ 经过自己的努力获得,习得”;require 的意思是“ 要求”;inquire 的意思是“ 调查,询问,打听”;例: She has acquired a new set of interests. 她现在又有了一些新的爱好;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢
7、迎下载The rules require us all to be present. 按规定我们都要出席;Why don t you inquire by telephone. 你为什么不打电话询问一下呢?(6)actual a. /genuine a. /original a. /real a. /practical a. actual 指“ 实际上”、“ 事实上” 存在或发生的事情,或人所共知的客观事实;genuine 指与真实 情形“ 一模一样”,“ 名符其实”,“ 真心的” ; original 指信息或消息等“ 原原本本” 的情形,见 解等“ 独到而非抄袭别人”;real 指“ 真实
8、存在的,不是假的或捏造的;practical 指从实践、实 用角度讲“ 实事求是的,可行的,有实际体会的”;例: The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected. 实际的修理费用比我们预期的要低得多;This ring is genuine gold. 这枚戒指是真金的;This is an original play, not an adaptation. 这是一本原创剧本,不是改编而成的;He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for th
9、e first time. 他只是一个刚毕业首次体验现实世界的毕业生;This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes. 这种产品毫无有用价值;(7)adapt v. /adopt v. 这两个词拼写只差一个字母,是“ 收养,接受,接受”;特别简单记混; adapt的意思是 “ 改编, 改作 用, 适应” ;adopt例: I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions. 我建议他要适应新的环境;This play has been skillfully a
10、dapted from the original novel. 改编者很娴熟地将原小说改编成一部戏剧;We can adapt this old house for use as a garage. 我们可以将这座旧房改造成一个车库;Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude. 她母亲实行了不赞成的态度;They have decided to adopt me as their own daughter. 他们已打算收养我做女儿;(8)adequate a. /sufficient a. adequate常用来表示“ 充分的,完备的,完善的,
11、胜任的”;sufficient 就表示“ 在数量上是足够的,多的” ;在表示充分的含义上前者更强调足够用来做某事,而后者就表示多,不缺乏;例: His wages are adequate to support these people;他的收入足以养活这些人;Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party,dont buy more. 两磅柑桔就够聚会用的了,不必再多买了;(9)administration n. /management n. 这两个名词都是与治理有关的名词;administration 的主要含义是“ 行政治理,政
12、府等”,而management 比前者的含义广,它可以指 “ 包括企业治理在内的各种治理,经营” ,也可以指 “ 行 政治理” ;例: An executive should be experienced in administration. 一个治理者应有行政治理的体会;Nothing was done by the last administration. 上届政府什么事也没干;The management of the business has been done very well. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -
13、- - - 学习必备 欢迎下载这个企业治理得很好;She is going to report the whole thing to the management. 她将向领导做全面汇报;(10) admit v. /allow v. /permit v. /approve v. 这几个词都有“ 同意,批准,答应” 的意思,要留意区分运用;许进入” (常与 to 连用);allow 泛指“ 一般的同意,答应”admit 的意思是“ 同意进入,允;permit 常用来表示“ 上下级之间的答应,批准”;approve 的主要意思是“ 批准(条文,协议等),赞同” (常与 of 连用);例: Thi
14、s ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition. 这张展览会开幕式的入场券可答应两人入场;His mother didnt allow him to watch TV before he fi nished his homework. 不做完作业,他母亲不许他看电视;This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages. 本州答应销售酒精类饮料;Do you think my father would permit this. 你认为我父亲会同意这样做吗?Cong
15、ress approved the budget. 国会批准了该预算;I do not approve at all of his moral character. 我根本不赞同他的道德品行;(11) advantage n. /merit n. /virtue n. advantage 的主要意思是“ 优势,好处”,为可数名词,常用于短语 take advantage of sth.;merit 的主要意思是“ 优点,特长,好处,可取之处”,是可数名词,也是不行数名词;virtue 的主要 意思是“ 美德,品德,优点”,主要从事物的品质或价值的角度讲优点;例: I said we could
16、 see certain advantages in a change. 我是说我们可以在转变中看到其优势;He knew the merit of his work. 他明白他的工作的优点;One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. 他的美德之一就是他从不愤慨;(12) affair n. /event n. /incident n. affair 的意思是“ 有关的事,事务,活动等”,如 foreign affairs(外事),也常指婚外恋;event指“ 每日里发生的大事,事或活动,竞赛项目”;incident 同 event 意思相近
17、,指“ 大事,事”,尤指较重大的、有影响的政治大事等;例: They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran. 他们无权干涉伊朗的内政;The affair remained a complete mystery. 那件事至今仍是个谜;The important event of the week was the big storm. 那一周中的大事就是那场大暴风雪;Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school
18、 children. 村里即将发生的大事,就是款待学校的孩子们和舞蹈表演;Our team won the silver medal in this event. 我们队获得该项目的银牌;On the very day before I left, an incident occurred. 大事就发生在我要离开的当天;There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s. 50 岁月两国边疆发生了很多大事;(13) afford v. /offer v. /provide v. 名师归纳
19、总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - afford 的意思是“ 有条件担负,支付得起”学习必备欢迎下载;provide 的意;offer 的意思是“ 赐予,提出,出价”思是“ 供应,供应,为 做预备”,常与 for, with 一起连用;例: John cant afford to give so much time to it. 约翰花不起这么多时间来做这件事;I don t think well be able to afford any travel any more. 我想我们没钱再旅行了;They were frie
20、ndly and even offered assistance. 他们很友好,甚至表示情愿帮忙我们;Mrs. Baines offered no comment on Susans situation. 贝恩太太对苏珊的境况未做任何评论;On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast. 周日,他的房东为他既供应早餐又供应晚餐;He provided for his family by working in a factory;他靠在工厂做工来养家;We must provide for the future. 我们必需
21、为将来做好预备;(14) alarm n.&v. /warn n.&v. alarm 的意思是“ 提示,警告”,有使警觉,使做好预备的意思;warn 的意思主要指“ 警告,告诫” ,有事先告知可能发生的事,警告说 的意思;例: There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place. 当夜,空袭警报拉响了数次,但并没有飞机来袭;He warned us that the road was icy. 他警告我们说道路很滑;(15) alike a.&adv. / identical
22、 a. 这两个词都有长得一样,长得像的意思;alike 是副词也是形容词,只做表语用;identical 是形 be identical 容词,意思是“ 同一个, 完全相同” ,除了作表语, 也可以在名词前做定语,可用于词组with ;例: My brother and I are exactly alike. 我兄弟和我长得一模一样;It s the identical coat which was stolen from my wife. 这就是我妻子丢失的那件上衣;Your pen is identical with mine. 你这支钢笔和我那支完全一样;(16) area n. /r
23、egion n. /zone n. /district n. area通常用于面积可测量或运算的地区,界限明确,但不指行政区划; 如:60 years ago, half French people were still living in the rural area. region 常指地理上有自然界限或具有某种特色(如气候、自然条件)自成一个单位的地区;如:the Arctic regions 北极地区;另外 region 也指较大的行政单位;如: Xinjiang Autonomous Region. zone 通常指地理上的“(地)带” ,尤指图表上的环形地带;如:refugees
24、from the war zone 从战争地区来的难民;district 指行政划分的区,比 region 小,通常指市镇内的一区;如:Hai dian district 海淀区(17) alive a. /live a. /vivid a. /lively a. alive 指“ 活着的,处于工作状态的” 的意思,和 dead 反义,常作表语;live 指“ 有生命的”,即 having life ,“ 正处于工作状态” 的意思;vivid 指人的表情、故事等“ 生动”、“ 逼真” 、“ 活泼”等; lively 指人及生物等布满生气和活力,即“ 活泼的”、“ 布满愤慨的”;(18) aff
25、ect v. /influence v. 这两个词都有“ 影响” 的意思;1)affect vt. 作“ 影响” 讲时可分三种情形: 直接的、有形的力气作用于某事物或大事并使之发生变化;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例: They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer. 他们施肥料以使庄稼长大; 用于表示对某事物或事产生不好的影响;例: Exposure to intense light affects one s eyes
26、adversely. 暴露在强光之下会损害眼睛; 指对另外一个人感情上的影响,感染,感动;例: Music affects some people very strongly. 音乐对一些人有剧烈的感染力;He was much affected at the sad sight. 他深为这一哀痛的情形所感动;2)influence 通常指“ 不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”动树立榜样而对他人产生影响;,往往是间接的,通过说服或以实际行例: He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.
27、 他受到一位中学老师的影响而学了医;(19) allowance n. /tuition n. allowance 的意思是“ 生活费,补贴”;tuition 的意思是“ 学费”;例: They gave her a small allowance but didn t pretend to like her work. 他们给她一小笔生活费,但对她的工作却不甚中意;At this school the tuition is free ,but you have to pay for the books you need. 这所学校免收学费,但书费要你自己负担;(20) amaze v. /a
28、muse v. 这两个词词形相近,简单混;amaze 的意思是“ 使惊愕,使惊奇”;amuse 的意思是“ 使高兴,使兴奋” ;这两个词用于被动式时,后而都接介词at be amazed/amused at sth.;例: She was amazed at the mans sympathy with life. 这个男人对生命的怜悯态度让她感到很惊奇;A clown s job is to amuse the spectators. 马戏团小丑的工作就是逗观众高兴;(21) announce v. /declare v. /claim v. announce 的意思是“ 通知,宣布(结果,
29、打算等)” ; declare 的意思是“ 宣布(公告,法律等),声明” ;claim 意为“ 声称,要求得到,认领”;例: She announced that the singer would give one extra song. 她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌;The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. 中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化;They declared martial law in the mining communities. 他们宣布对矿区实行军
30、事管制;If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it. 请这部相机的失主前来认领;She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis. 她声称自己的钢琴弹得与 Themelis 一样棒;(22) annoyed a. /upset a. annoyed 的意思是“ 不快的,恼火的”(比angry 的程度要低) ,从愤慨的角度讲不兴奋;upset的意思是“ 不兴奋,伤心,不舒服”,从感到别扭的角度讲不兴奋;例: She was annoyed at
31、 your saying that. 你这么说让她很不悠闲;I ll be quite upset now, if you dont come. 假如你不来,我会很担心的;(23) apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载apparatus 主要指“ 器械,装置,仪器,器官”;instrument 主要指“ 仪器,工具,乐器”;device 指“ 器具,装置,外表,手段”;appliance 指“
32、器具,器械,家用电器等”;例: The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film. 摄制组的人架好机器预备开拍;All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 手术前,全部手术器械必需消毒;The television receiver is an electronic device. 电视接收机是一种电子设备;The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances. 厨房装备了现代化的炊事用具;(24) appoint v. /
33、assign v. appoint 的意思是“ 任命,指派,委任”,后多跟职位一类的名词;assign 的相关意思是“ 安排,分派,指定”,后多跟具体的工作;例: They appointed him Minister of Education. 他们任命他为训练部长;She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee. 她被任命为委员会的主席;The problem was assigned to a commission. 这项任务交给了一个特殊委员会去处理;I assign you to wash the dishes. 我安排你
34、去洗盘子;(25) approach n. /method n. 这两个词都可以表示方法;approach 常指“ 针对某一问题的解决处理方法”,后跟介词to;method泛指“ 任何方法”,适用范畴比approach 要广,后常跟介词of;例: There is no very easy approach to mathematics. 数学争论上没有什么捷径;It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. 很奇怪,他们怎么会选择这种方式来打发这个晚上;(26) approve v. /
35、permit v. /admit v. approve 指较正式地对某种事情表示认可、指容纳,答应进入,承认;赞同或批准; permit 指答应、不禁止某人干某事; admit例: The mayoress approved the new building plans. 女市长批准了新建筑方案;She wont permit dogs in the house. 她不准许家中有狗;He was admitted to the commission. 他被该委员会接纳;(27) arise v. /arouse v. arise 是不及物动词, 意为“ 发生, 产生, 显现” ;arouse是
36、及物动词, 意为“ 引起, 激起, 唤起” ;例: A democratic movement has arisen. 一场民主运动应运而生;We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从睡梦中唤醒;(28) assemble v. /resemble v. 这两个词词形与发音相近,assemble意为“ 集中,集合,装配”;resemble 意为“ 相像”;例: People began to assemble on the platform. 人们开头向月台集合;In that factory they can assemble a car in les
37、s than 15 minutes. 在那家工厂,工人们不到 15 分种就装配好一部汽车;Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways. 史密斯各方面都象他的父亲;(29) assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v. assure和 ensure都有“ 保证,确保” 之意;assure指特别确定地向某人保证某事肯定要发生,使名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 28 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载其放心,因此后面往往跟人做宾语;en
38、sure 就强调能保证某种行为或某大事的结果肯定发生;insure 特指保险,替 做保险;reassure意为“ 使人放心,使人安心,再向 保证”;例: I assure you of the reliability of the information. 我可以向你保证这消息是牢靠的;Ensure that it is written into your contract. 你得保证把这一点写到合同中去;Is your house insured against fire. 你的房子做了防火保险了吗?The woman was worried about the dangers of tak
39、ing aspirins, but her doctor reassured her. 这名妇女担忧服用阿司匹林会带来危急,她的医生让她放心,不会有危急的;(30) assess v. /access n. 这两个词词形与发音很相近,简单搞混;assess是动词,意为“ 评估,估价”;access 是名词,意为“ 通路,能接近或使用”,后常跟介词to;例: The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000. 这处房产的估价为 7 万美元;They sent someone to assess the value of the fact
40、ory. 他们派人去评估那家工厂的价值;The only access to the building is along the muddy track. 通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是这条泥泞的小路;Only senior students have the access to this reading room. 只有高年级的同学才能进这间阅览室;(31) attach v. /stick v. attach 的主要意思是“ 附加,附着”固定” ,强调紧密;,强调附加; stick 的主要意思是“ 粘贴,贴附于,紧贴着,例: Wires are then attached to the en
41、ds of the electrodes. 然后将导线接到电极的一端;There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached. 每人都有一份礼物,每份礼物都附有一首得体的小诗;Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope. 在信封上贴上两张邮票;He stuck a rose in his buttonhole. 他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰;(32) attribute to/owe to/due to attribute to 意为“ 归因于,认为是 的结果”;owe to
42、意为“ 应归功于 ”;due to 意为“ 由于,因 造成,归功于”,常用作表语或状语;例: Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living. 杜德先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式;If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you. 假如我有所进步的话,那应当归功于你;His absence was due to the storm. 由于风暴他未能出席;He failed due to carelessness. 他的马虎导致了他的失败;(33) wake v. /
43、awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v. 名师归纳总结 wake 为动词,意思是“ 叫醒,醒来,唤醒”;awake 意为“ 醒来,叫醒”,作形容词时意为“ 醒第 7 页,共 28 页着” ;waken 是动词,意为“ 叫醒,闹醒”;awaken 是动词,意为“ 叫醒”,多用于引申意义“ 觉醒,引起” ;这四个词中最常用的是wake,特殊在口语中;awake 和 awaken 多用其引申意义;awake 常用作不及物动词;awaken/waken 多用作及物动词;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例: My br
44、other wakes at seven each morning. 我弟弟每天早上 7 点钟醒来;This at once awakened suspicion. 这立刻引起了大家的怀疑;When he awoke Joseph was beside him. 当他醒来时,约瑟夫就在他身边;The national spirit awoke. 民族精神觉醒了;She gently wakened the sleeping child. 她轻轻地叫醒熟睡的孩子;(34) award v.&n. /prize v.&n. award 作动词意为“ 发给 奖品等”,作名词意为“ 奖品,奖金等” ;
45、prize 作动词意为 “ 珍视” ,作名词意为 “ 奖品, 奖金” ,也可以指 “ 珍贵的物或人”,prize 仍可以作形容词,意为“ 获奖的” ;例: The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥林匹克冠军获得了金牌的嘉奖;They awarded him the Nobel prize. 他们为他颁发诺贝尔奖;Prizes will be given for the three best stories. 三部正确作品将获奖;Jane soon became popular for a prize rose. 简因那枝获奖玫瑰而远近著名;As a secretary she was a prize. 她真是一个不行多得的秘书;(35) aware a. /notice v.&n. aware 意为“ 意识到的, 熟识到的” ,常用词组 be aware of;notice 意为“ 留意到, 察觉到” ,notice 仍可以作名词,意为“ 通知,留意”;例: She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her. 直到他跟
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