2022年高中英语阅读理解专题讲座及强化训练.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 阅读懂得专题讲座及强化训练 一、考纲要求 要求考生读懂熟识的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公 告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章；考生 应能： 1懂得主旨要义； 2懂得文中详细信息； 3依据上下文推断生词的词义；4 作出简洁判定和推理；5 懂得文章的基本结构；6懂得作者的意图和态度；二、专题讲座（一） 解题技巧 1、审核标题,抓住中心 标题是主题的高度浓缩和凝结,它能赐予考生启示和想象；这样有 利于对短文的懂得,能提高做题的效率；2、通读全文,把握全貌 快速通读全文,并边看边思索,用铅笔做些重点圈划；这样一遍读完,即

2、可把握文章的脉络；3、浏览答题,明确要求 凭第一遍的阅读记忆勾出一些表层题的答案,的题目,做出记号,重点突出；对一些一时无法下结论4、读懂问题和选项,不被局部正确所困惑 读懂问题主要是明确该题详细考查什么；选项中的每个词都不能马虎；4、带着问题,重读短文,认真讨论,逐一解答 这次应带着明确的目的阅读,从中找出答案,以解决上述遗留的问题；5、复读全文,认真核对 待做完题目后,考生应复读全文,核查答案,确保答题正确；（二） 体悟、归纳与强化训练1、懂得主旨要义 : 先读以下 4 篇短文,找出其主题,并说说是如何找到主题的；A Jane Clerk, fair-haired, blue-eyed a

3、nd tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world. In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge 雪橇 across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world. In bitter winds and 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - sn

4、ow-storms she drove her dogs along the Artic track, in temperatures that reached - 38o. When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, “ still can.t believe it. ” She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs. David Wilson, who came second, sa

5、id, “ it sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of d winner. you. But it doesn.t hurt for long. She was a goo *Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article. A. Woman wins the world.s toughest race. B. Woman fights better winds and snow-storms. D. Woman drives a C. Woman

6、wins a sledge race in the world. dog team across the Arctic. 本文的首句是主题句,后面的句子或是详细说明“ 世界上最困难的竞赛” , 或是侧面说明赢得这场竞赛不易；本篇的终结进一步呼应了主题句；答案 A 主题句在篇 /段首的结构：这种文章结构通常用演绎法撰写,遵循从一般到个别 /特别的步骤,既先概述后用细节加以说明 B On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him.

7、 There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his rolling skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin.s grand entrance for a long time. What is the main point the writer is tryi

8、ng to make in the * paragraph. A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble. 这段文字从 Merlin 入场的细节表达,最终一句做了归纳总结：很长一段时间大家都没有遗忘他不同凡响的入场；的胜利；答案 C 可见他取得了意想不到主句在末尾的结构：尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写

9、,其步骤是先描述细节或交代论据,后作出概括性的结论, 以总结性的的句子收尾； C When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - down. When a bullet is shot straight up, it will travel much fa

10、ster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down . We have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it doesn.t stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must come do

11、wn. *What is the topic sentence. 主句在中间的结构： 这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主句的显现做铺垫,或是交代细节或论据； 在主题出场后,仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或连续赐予例证；它的层次是：引领-主题思想 -说明或连续赐予例证 D Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “ It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career.” he said In 1963, after his army servi

12、ce, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese Medicine. As a part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “ I was greatly upset by the story of an old f

13、armer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he sho

14、uted, ,Bring me the knife. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” She said.* The best headline for this newspaper article is_. A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dangerous D. Snake Doct

15、or Bites 没有主题句的结构：没有主题句的篇章（或段落）,并不是没有主题思想,它们的主题思想不是由详细的某句话所表示的,而是要读者自己归纳总结；这种结构通常表达一件事的进展过程,要的细节或事实；答案是 D；2、阅读懂得强化训练（一）或是陈述一系列同等重How can we measure intelligence智力 . Experts are not completely certain about the answer to this question. However, in solving some problems, monkeys are better than other

16、animals and this is agreed to be a sign of their high intelligence. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In one experiment, the animals had to reach the food at the other side of a fence栅栏 by walking round. Monkeys quickly saw the solution解决方法 . Dogs were not so certain, while he

17、ns simply rushed at the fence, trying to reach the food directly. In the second step of the experiment, the animal could not walk round, but there was a rope connected to the food. Monkeys pulled the rope and the dogs didn.t know what to do though they could easily pull the rope with their teeth. *

18、The main idea of the passage is that_. A. monkeys are cleverer than other animals B. it.s difficult to measure intelligence C. experts are trying to find a way to measure intelligence D. monkeys, dogs and hens are good animals * A* 阅读懂得强化训练（二）On the evening of June 21,1992, a tall man with brown hai

19、r and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of Bell Tower Hotel in Xi.an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though live in “ the kingdom of bicycles.”Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi.an

20、on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhli, India. When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi.an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlanders next destinations

21、目的地 were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. * The best headline for this newspaper article would be_. A. The Kingdom of Bicycle B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi.an C. Marco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving his Aim * D* 阅读懂得强化训练（三）Many cities around the wo

22、rld today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastics, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid

23、 of. However, today, more and more consumers are choosing “ green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “ Will these shampoo damage the environme

24、nt. ” “ Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once.”A recent study showed that two of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are

25、“ green ” , that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supper markets, but not there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels 标签 to show that the product is green. Some 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -companies have made the manufacturing 生

26、产 of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will they public accept the old attitude of “ buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it.The publ

27、ic pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act. * What would be the best title for the text. B. Business Goes Green A. Business and People C. Shopping Habits are Changing D. Supermarkets and Green Products * B* 阅读懂得强化训练（四）I have worked all my life. I.ve done men.s jobs. I.ve done e

28、verything. I have used screw drivers, electric drills, and punch presses. I really know what it means to do men.s work. What gets me is, you work all your life like a dog. You pay all your taxes into these government programs. But still, when you need help, the people that you are paid to help you,

29、they act like it.s coming out of their own pockets. My husband George had a stroke not long ago. I.ve always worked all my life and I never have to do this before, but when George had the stroke I knew I needed help. I had to quit my job to take care of him. So I went down to the welfare and told th

30、em I needed help. We were living with my son at the time. The welfare people said that since we were staying there, he had to take care of us. If we wanted help, we.d have to move out. The trouble was we didn.t have anything at all, and George was in hospital. When I knew I needed some help, I went

31、up here to this place called Hub Center where they.re supposed to help people. Well, I told this 第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - young kid that I was working there that we were starving and didn.t have the money to pay our rent or buy our medicine. Well, he started writing something down on a s

32、lip of paper, and he wrote for the longest time. Then he gave it to me and said, “ Take this paper t 1631 Vine Street and they will give you a sandwich.”I said, “ Thanks for nothing, kid.”I never was so embarrassed in all my life. I thought, well, I know I have to be going crazy. I just have to be,

33、this just can.t be happening.*The best title for the passage would be_. A. I Really Know Men.s Work B. Applying 申 请 For Welfare C. Where Are They When You Need Them D. Where Do Our Taxes Go * C* 阅读懂得强化训练（五）名师归纳总结 The old idea that child prodigies神童 “burn themselves”or 第 6 页,共 19 页“ overtax their bra

34、ins”in the early years, therefore, are prey to failure and at worst mental illness is just a myth. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright children is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults. To find this out, 1,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thir

35、ty-five yea with these results: On adult intelligence tests, they score as high as they did as children. They were , as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. Eighty-four percent of their group were married and seemed content with their life. About 70 percent had graduated from colleges,

36、though only 30 percent had graduated with honors. A few had even fluked out 退学 , but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 percent were in one of the professions or in business, managers or semi-professional jobs. The women who had remained single had offices, business, or pr

37、ofessional; occupations. The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents专利. In a material way they didn.t so badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men,

38、than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth when last surveyed. In fact, far from being strange, maladjusted难以适应 people locked - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - in an ivory tower, most of the gifted were turning their early promises into practical reality. * The main idea of

39、 the passage is _. A. how many gifted children turned successful when they grew up B. that bright children were unlikely to be physically and mentally healthy C. the gifted children were most likely to become bright grown-ups D. that when the bright children grew up, they would become ordinary *C* 阅

40、读懂得强化训练（六）Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasnt easy at all. Before 1750,the idea of skating didnt exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlins work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a

41、man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer. One day Merlin an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball（扮装舞会）.He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party 名师归纳总结 came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he wou

42、ld get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to but two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. 第 7 页,共 19 页Merlin was were proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels wh

43、ile playing the violin. On the night of party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down feel

44、the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time. *1.The text is mainly about_. A. a strange man B. an unusual party C. how roller skating began D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century *2.People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he_. A. often gave

45、others surprises B. was a gifted musician C. invented the roller skates D. was full of imagination *3.Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to_. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. impress the party guests B. arrive at the party sooner C. test his invention D. show his skill in walking on

46、wheels *4.What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph. A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble. *CDAC* 阅读懂得强化训练（七）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -As I sto

47、od in front of the grave（墓） of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together. Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow. This remark was make by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in Californ