大学英语翻译ppt课件.ppt

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1、Translation汉英词义对比汉英词义对比 英汉词汇意义的对应程度，大致有以下三种情况英汉词汇意义的对应程度，大致有以下三种情况 1）词义相符）词义相符(semantic correspondence) 如如: 山山(mountain), 学生学生(student), 环境保护环境保护(environmental protection) 在寻找语义相符的对应语时在寻找语义相符的对应语时,易犯逐词翻译的毛病易犯逐词翻译的毛病,找到假对应词找到假对应词,如如: 学习知识学习知识 to learn knowledge (to acquire knowledge) 盐水盐水 salt water

2、(salt solution) 2)二二.词义相异词义相异(semantic non-correspondence) 词义相异有两种情况词义相异有两种情况.第一种是指称意义相符第一种是指称意义相符,蕴涵蕴涵意义相异意义相异. 松、梅、竹（岁寒三友，蕴含不畏唁函，傲然松、梅、竹（岁寒三友，蕴含不畏唁函，傲然风雪的品德）然而，英语中风雪的品德）然而，英语中pine trees, plum blossoms,bamboo不具备上述蕴含意义。不具备上述蕴含意义。 “羊羊”在古汉语中就是吉祥的意思在古汉语中就是吉祥的意思.如如“三羊开三羊开泰泰”(Three Rams Bring Bliss) ram

3、在英语中除表在英语中除表示示 “公羊公羊”外，还表示外，还表示“撞击装置撞击装置”。 第二种情况是指称意义和蕴涵意义相异第二种情况是指称意义和蕴涵意义相异. phoenix(凤凰凤凰): mythical bird of the Arabian desert, said to live for several hundred years before burning itself and then rising born again from its ashes “龙凤呈祥龙凤呈祥”(Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Prosperity) 3) 词义空缺词义空缺(sem

4、antic zero) 词语意义的空缺是文化现象空缺的结果词语意义的空缺是文化现象空缺的结果.翻译是翻译是需要用音译需要用音译,意译或其他方式表示其义意译或其他方式表示其义. 糖葫芦糖葫芦 Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of childrens favorite food in winter 特困生特困生 the most needy students 乌纱帽乌纱帽 an official post 站票站票 standing-room-only tickets 钱先生周岁时钱先生周岁时 “抓周抓周”,抓

5、了一本书抓了一本书,因此得名因此得名 “钟钟书书”. When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (=book lover). 钱先生周岁时钱先生周岁时 “抓周抓周”,抓了一本书抓了一本书,因此得名因此得名 “钟钟书书”. When Qian was j

6、ust one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (=book lover). 每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。上海参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。上各类商品在这里与全国各地一

7、比短长。上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头兵兵”。著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最后的战场。后的战场。”走发展高科技贸易之路，是走发展高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然，也是末来的需要。历史的必然，也是末来的需要。 中外客商中外客商 domestic and foreign businessmen 云集申城云集申城 swarm into Shanghai 华东出口品交易会华东出口品交

8、易会 East China Export Commodity Trade Fair 一比短长一比短长 compete 科技实力科技实力 scientific and technological strength 排头兵排头兵 take the lead in高科技战场高科技战场 The high-tech battlefield 超越超越 overtake 高科技贸易高科技贸易 high-tech trade 必然必然 indispensable 每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。 Eve

9、ry spring hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair. 上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。 Here, all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete with the goods from other places in China. 上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产上海的优

10、势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头兵兵”。 The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength, therefore the export of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export. 著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战场是中国超越发达

11、国家的主战场，也是最场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最后的战场。后的战场。 Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said, “The high-tech battlefield is the main and the last battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.” ”走发展高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然，走发展高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然，也是末来的需要。也是末来的需要。 It is not only indispensable in history

12、, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade. Every spring hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair. Here, all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete with the goods fro

13、m other places in China. The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength, therefore the export of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export. Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said, “The high-tech bat

14、tlefield is the main and the last battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.”It is not only indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-in

15、dispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade. 汉英句法对比汉英句法对比汉语句子特点是汉语句子特点是“以意统形以意统形”.因而汉语的句法因而汉语的句法特征是意合特征是意合(parataxis),强调逻辑关联与意义关强调逻辑关联与意义关联而不在意词语之间和句际之间的形式衔接联而不在意词语之间和句际之间的形式衔接. 英语句子的特点是强调形式和功能英语句子的特点是强调形式和功能,因而英因而英语的句法特点是形合语的句法特点是形合(hypota

16、xis).句子成分之句子成分之间的关系要求用形式标记表明间的关系要求用形式标记表明. 请看下例请看下例: 1)我常见许多青年的朋友我常见许多青年的朋友,2)聪明用功聪明用功,3)成绩优异成绩优异,4)而而语文程度不足以达意语文程度不足以达意,5)甚至写一封信亦难得通顺甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,6)问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面.倘若完全按原文的句法特征将其译成英文倘若完全按原文的句法特征将其译成英文,可能是可能是: 1)I have come across a great many young friends, 2)Bright and diligent, 3)Do e

17、xceedingly well in studies, 4)but they are rather weak in Chinese, 5)even cant write a smooth Chinese letter. 6)When asked why, theyll say they are not interested in Chinese.I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rat

18、her weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.英语的从句前必须根据其语法功能用英语的从句前必须根据其语法功能用when, where, who,that, an等表示关联词将其与主句衔接起来等表示关联词将其与主句衔接起来.这也是汉语语法隐含性这也是汉语语法隐含性(covertness)的一种表现的一种表现. 而英语的语法呈外显性而英语的语法呈外显性(overtness),体现了英体现了英美人重个体美人重个体,重分析的思维方式重分析的思维方式.