初中英语讲义(教案)_五种基本句型讲解和练习.doc

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1、句子成分和五种基本句型一、导入1四只老鼠吹牛。甲：我每天都拿鼠药当糖吃；乙：我一天不踩老鼠夹脚发痒；丙：我每天不过几次大街不踏实；丁：时间不早了，回家抱猫去咯。 2一群蚂蚁爬上了大象的背，但被摇了下来，只有一只蚂蚁死死地抱着大象的脖子不放，下面的蚂蚁大叫：掐死他，掐死他，小样，还他妈反了！二、知识点回顾略（1）专题讲解 专题1：词类1. 十大词类实词：可以在句子里面充当成分，可以独立出现1.名词 n. 表示人和事物的名称，作主语、宾语等2.代词 pron. 代替名词数词等，作主语、宾语等3.动词 v. 表示动作，做谓语4.形容词 adj. 表示人或事物的特征，作定语、表语，译作“.的”5.副词

2、 adv. 表示动作特征或性状特征，修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，做状语，译作“地”6.数词 num. 表示数目或顺序，做主语、宾语、表语、定语等虚词：不能独立出现7.冠词 art. 用在名词前帮助说明其意义，a/an/the8.介词 prep. 用在名词，代词等前面，说明它与别的词之间的关系9.连词 conj. 用来连接词与词或句与句10.感叹词 interj. 表示说话时的感情或口气专题2：句子成分 1. 句子成分概述 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，既:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 1.主要成分：主语、谓语（必须有） 2.特定成分：宾语、表

3、语、补语（在某种特定的句型里面出现） 3.附加成分：定语、状语（可有可无，可多可少） 2、句子各种成分的含义理解：1）、主语：句子的主角，一个句子在说或讨论谁（啥），谁（啥）就是主语。主语一般放在句首。（在“主+谓 +宾”的句型结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。） E.g：Tom is a doctor.My father and my mother are teachers. Today is my birthday.I can see a desk in the room. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. Beijing

4、is a good place to visit.2）、谓语：动词作谓语，谓语必须是动词（be/情态/实意动词）。一般放在主语的后面。谓语要跟前面的主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。 E.g：I am a teacher. My parents work in a school. You can swim. Lucy doesnt do homework every day The apple tastes good. He doesnt like English. I cant join the club.3）、表语：表语对前面的主语起表明、表达、表现、表示的作用。表明了主语的

5、身份、特征或状态。（表语一般为名词或形容词，用于“主+系+表”的结构中。） E.g：I am Lily. I am a teacher. That sounds interesting. We must keep healthy. My dream is to be a teacher. My teacher looks excited. 4）、宾语：谓语动作的承受者就是宾语。（在“主+谓 +宾”的句型结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。） E.g：They sing songs. The boy join the swimming club. The little dog loo

6、ked at me. I have a book. You like playing soccer. He is reading a newspaper.5）、定语：定语起修饰、形容作用，一般由形容词充当。（还可以由代词、数词充当） E.g：Its a beautiful car. Beijing is a good place to visit. I have two big eyes. My father often takes a long walk. I have two pens. The red pen is Toms.6）、状语：状语也起修饰作用，一般由副词或介词短语充当，在句中

7、表示时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、结果、目的等。状语用来修饰动词、形容词。（注：修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。He runs quickly. 但有些副词如often, always, usually 等作状语时则放在be动词、助动词和情态动词后，实义动词前。）E.g：He is very tall.He runs quickly. I often go to school at 7:00. I often have lunch at school. They sing this song in English. The teacher smiled in his office.If it r

8、ains tomorrow, well stay at home.（条件状语从句） We had to stay at home because of the rain.（原因状语从句） I have to work hard so that I can pass the text.（目的状语从句） 7）、宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 E.g：He made the boy laugh. I found the dog running through our garden. We call him Little Tiger I find learning English diff

9、icult.（difficult是形容词做宾补） I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副词做宾补） Tom made the girl cry.（cry是动词做宾补） 形容词和副词的用法区别:形容词作定语修饰名词或代词。 副词作状语修饰动词或形容词。E.g：1、I like the new book.（形容词作定语） Lily is a happy girl.（形容词作定语） 2、He runs quickly.（副词作状语） Lily learns English happily.（副词作状语） 与物动词和不与物动词的区分： 与物动词：动词后可以直

10、接涉与、加上一个物（或人）作宾语。E.g：I play football.Mother bought a new bag.不与物动词：动词后不可以直接涉与、加上一个物（或人）作宾语。E.g：He runs quickly. They swim every day.专题3：五种基本句型五种基本句型：英语句子是由主语、谓语（动词）、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式的不同，英语句子可分为五种基本句型。其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。五种基本句型 汉语 英语缩写1、主语 + 谓语(不与物动词)S + V2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语S + V + O3、主语

11、 + 谓语（系动词） + 表语S + V + P4、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语S + V + INO + DO5、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语S + V + O + OC1）、主语 + 谓语(不与物动词)1、The teachersmiled.2、The boy can swim.3、The sunhas risen.4、Idont know.5、The rain has stopped.2）、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1、Iloveyou.2、He helps us.3、She played the piano .4、The students played foot

12、ball.5、We study English. 6、The childrenare watching TV.3）、主语 + 谓语（系动词）+ 表语（英语中有一类动词叫连系动词，它后面用来说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”的成分，叫做表语。）Be动词（am is are was were）连系动词感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem) 1、My dad is old. 2、Your pen is in the desk. 3、The house is large. 4、They are Chinese. 5、These boxes are heavy

13、. 6、I am 17 years old. 7、That girl was me. 8、You look sad. 9、It tastes good. （注：系动词be有时翻译成“是”，更多的时候不译出来，受中文影响，翻译成英语时容易丢掉。英语句子中必须有动词。丢掉连系动词，就是不完整的句子了。）4）、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语分析下面句子：Hegaveussome money.间接宾语（人） 直接宾语（物）Ill teachyouEnglish.间接宾语（由名词或代词充当）双宾语直接宾语（由名词或从句充当） 1、Ill bringyousome new books. 2、H

14、e returnedmethe money . 3、Theysenttheir sona car. 4、My uncleboughtmea bike (last week). 5、Mothermademea new shirt (last Sunday).5） 、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词后只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,说明情况，才能使意思完整。1. They painted the door green. 他们把门刷成绿色。（green，补充说明门的性质）2. They foundthe house big. 他

15、们发现那房子很大。（big，补充说明房子的状态） 3.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看见Mr. Wang上了公交车。 （get on the bus，补充说明Mr. Wang做了何事） 从句:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、（主语从句、表语从句）（注：哪个句子成分不再是简单的单词、短语，而是个完整的句子，它就会是一个相应的从句。 初中阶段我们主要了解宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句三种从句。）（2） 变式练习 一、选出句中谓语的中心词.1、I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D

16、. wall2、Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterd

17、ay. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework6、Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book二、选出下列句中的宾语1、My brotherhasntdonehis homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English. A B C D3、The old mansaidhe was ill.A B C 4、You will find the museumon the left.A B C 5、You will find i

18、t useful after you leave school.A B C 6、Theydidnt knowTom.A B C 四、 巩固练习一、挑出下列句中的表语1、The old manwas feeling very tired. A B C 2、The leaveshave turnedyellow.A B C 3、Theylookbeautiful.A B C 4、Shewasthe first one.A B C 二、选出下列句中的定语1、Whatis your English name?A B C 2、The mandownstairssleeping.A B C 3、I am

19、waiting for thetall boy.A B C 4、 The old man is90 years old.A B C三、选出下列句中的宾语补足语1、Heasked her to take the boy out of school.A B C 2、They call meLily sometimes. A B C 3、I sawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C 4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ? A B C 四、选出下列句中的状语. 1、Tomrunsfast.A B C 2

20、、There was a big smile on her face.A B C 3、Every night he heardthe noise . A B C 4、He began to learn Englishwhen he was eleven.A B C 5、She lovesthe librarybecause she loves books.A B C 五、 拓展训练一、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语. Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to t

21、each us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 二、写出划线部分的句子成分 1. Lilyis cleaningthe desknow.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I likethis bookvery much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister.6. She didnt come to

22、 my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping doeshis homeworkcarefully.8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.三、分析句子成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补、宾补）1. The pen writes smoothly. 2. His face is red.3. He bought you a dictionary.4. He enjoys music. 5. I told hi

23、m that the bus was late. 6. He showed me his CD. 7. We saw him out. 8. He is tall and strong.当堂过手训练(快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)一、判断下列句子的句型并翻译1.She was short ._2.I cant stand the heat._3.I sent you an E-mail._4.It cost me three dollars_.5.You can leave the door open._6.He speaks English ._7.Teachers will make your English better._8.That will save you a lot of time_.9.They found the dead boy._10.They found the boy dead._11.I found the book easily._12.Tom took Jim a book._13.I always find her happy_14.He said he didnt come._15.They love each other._10 / 10