2022高一英语寒假作业同步练习题过去分词作定语含解析.doc
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1、过去分词作定语1The President is preparing to _(宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.2We shouldnt _ (拒绝;不接受) his offer because the time is running out.3He was a little worried because he had no _(以前的) experience of this kind of job.4_(缺乏) experience, he cant find a satisfying job.5Whatever happens, he adopts an _(乐观
2、的) attitude.6I dont _ (赞成) of smoking in bed.7Life _ (包括) of not only sunshine but also hard times.8In the exhibition, this painting _ (吸引) many people.9Please keep us _ (告知;通知) of any development.10Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _ (挑战) we face.【答案】1announce2reject3previou
3、s4Lacking5optimistic6approve7consists8attracted9informed10challenges【分析】本题考查单词拼写,注意拼写和词形问题。1考查动词原形。句意:总统准备要在周二宣布他的新计划。announce 表示“宣布”,prepare to do表示“准备做某事”,此处的to为不定式符号,故填announce。2考查动词原形。句意:我们不应该拒绝他的提议,因为时间已经不多了。此处缺少动词作谓语,reject表示“拒绝”,情态动词shouldnt后用动词原形,故填reject。3考查形容词。句意:他有点担心,因为他以前没有这种工作的经验。修饰名词e
4、xperience用形容词,previous表示“以前的”,故填previous。4考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺少经验,他找不到满意的工作。lack表示“缺少”,he与之是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作状语,故填Lacking。5考查形容词。句意:无论发生什么,他都保持乐观。修饰名词attitude用形容词,optimistic表示“乐观的”,故填optimistic。6考查动词短语。句意:我不赞成在床上吸烟。approve of表示“赞成”,故填approve。7考查动词短语和主谓一致。句意:生活中不仅有阳光,还有艰难困苦的时刻。consist of表示“包括、由组成”,陈述的是客
5、观事实,用一般现在时,主语是Life,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填consists。8考查时态。句意:在展览上,这幅画吸引了许多人。attract表示“吸引”,语境表情事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故填attracted。9考查非谓语动词。句意:如有任何进展,请随时通知我们。此处为keep+宾语+宾补结构,inform表示“通知”,us与之是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作宾补,故填informed。10考查名词复数。句意:破坏环境是我们面临的最严重挑战之一。challenge表示“挑战”,one of后接可数名词复数,故填challenges。11Rosalyns _(雄心)is
6、 to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.12Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and _(渴望)?13The first thing I became _(意识到的)of was all the vivid colours surrounding me-purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.14I love listening to the famil
7、y softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not _(参加)in the conversation.15First of all, he told me, I couldnt write what other people had said without _(答谢) them.16By the time California _(选举)to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a mul
8、ticultural society.17On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of _(反对)and a great impact on the media and public imagination.18I cannot _(忍受)the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.19Simply phonetics studied and _(分类)from peoples own speech.20She had almost reached her destination when
9、 a delicious smell _(吸引)her progress and she stopped.【答案】11ambition12desires13aware14participate15acknowledging16elected17objections18bear19classified20arrested【解析】11考查名词。句意: Rosalyn的志向是成为下届残奥会国家队的成员。名词所有格后接名词,再根据谓语动词is,可知此空应是名词单数,故填ambition。12考查名词。句意:你认为机器人有他自己的需求和渴望是可能的吗?此空与needs并列,形式一致,故填desires。
10、13考查形容词。句意:我首先意识到的是周围的色彩紫色,红色,橙子,黄色,蓝色和绿色。become aware of固定短语,“意识到”,故填aware。14考查动词。句意:即使我不能参与谈话。我也喜欢听家人用他们的语言轻声交谈。participate in固定短语,“参与”,情态动词后接动词原形,故填participate。15考查动词。句意:他告诉我,首先,我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。介词后接动名词作宾语,故填acknowledging。16考查动词。句意:到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第三十一个联邦州的时候,它已经是一个多元文化的社会。根据时间状语in 1850,可知谓语动词用一般
11、过去时,故填elected。17考查名词。句意:另一方面,多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。a storm of objections固定短语,“一片反对声”,故填objections。18考查动词。句意:我受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。情态动词后接动词原形,故填bear。19考查动词。句意:对人的发音进行研究、分类,仅此而已。此空与studied并列,此处过去分词作定语,故填classified。20考查动词。句意:她快到目的地了,这时一股香味阻碍了她的进步,她停了下来。根据she stopped,可知谓语动词用一般过去时,故填arrested。语法专题(过
12、去分词作定语)过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成;不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。 一过去分词作定语的用法(一)过去分词作定语的位置1. 一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即 放在被修饰词之前。注意:有时为了表示强调,也可放在被修饰词之后。tired visitors疲惫的游客a well-organised trip组织有序的旅行beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星The disease was caused by polluted
13、water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客a trip organised well by my workplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打
14、扮得很漂亮的明星The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。 (二)过去分词作定语的时态和语态1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语,和被修饰词构成被动关系,且该动作已经完成。过去分词作定语时,相当于定语从句。过去分词(短语)作非限定性定语,相当于非限定性定语从句,用来补充说明被修饰词的情况,通常用逗号与主句隔开。I dont like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我
15、不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans(= which was built by the Romans). 这是罗马人建的房子。The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday), has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack (=which is known as the Union Jack). 他们使用同一面国旗,被称为“英国国旗”。2. 不及物动词的
16、过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水the developed countries 发达国家练习题:21Well-known for their expertise, his parents company, _ (call) “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】called【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:以专业知识出名,他父母的公司,被称为“未来的旅行”,使用时间舱把我安全地运送到
17、未来。分析可知,call作定语,修饰company,二者之间是被动关系,用过去分词,故填called。22Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses_(offer) to students who are interested in traditional art.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】offered【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:书法课是提供给对传统艺术感兴趣的学生的众多选修课程之一。分析句子可知,设空处应填非谓语动词作courses的后置定语,它和offer是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填offered。2
18、3The young man,_(suspect)of committing cybercrime against a company, was arrested and interviewed by the police. (所给单词的适当形式填空)【答案】suspected【详解】考查过去分词。句意:这名涉嫌对一家公司实施网络犯罪的年轻人被警方逮捕并接受了问话。分析句子可知,设空处和其后成分作后置定语,修饰The young man,并且The young man与suspect之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填suspected。24All _ (expose) skin should
19、be covered with protective cream. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】exposed【详解】考查过去分词。句意:所有暴露在外的皮肤都应该涂上保护霜。分析句子成分可知,设空处需填入expose的非谓语动词形式作skin的定语,skin和expose(暴露)之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式。故填exposed。25Meat, improperly _ (handle), is a dangerous carrier of bacteria. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】handled【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:处理不当的肉类是一种危险的细菌携带者。句中有is
20、且句中无连词,故应用handle的非谓语动词,handle意为“处理”,动词词性,句子主语Meat与handle之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应用handle的过去分词handled,在句中作后置定语修饰Meat。故填handled。26There are altogether some 200 people in our village, the old people and children _(include). (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】included【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们村总共有 200 多人,包括老人和孩子。分析可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,故空格处填所给动词的
21、非谓语形式,the old people and children 和 include 是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处用过去分词,作后置定语。故答案为included。27The truck, _(load) with watermelons, was stopped by the police, who wanted to check the drivers license. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】loaded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这辆装满西瓜的卡车被警察拦下了,他想核实司机的驾照。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词作定语,truck和load之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分
22、词。故填loaded。28The library _(build) three years ago belongs to our school. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】built【详解】考查过去分词。句意:三年前建的这个图书馆属于我们学校。句中谓语动词是belongs,所以空处用非谓语,主语The library和动词build是被动关系,指图书馆被建,应该用过去分词作定语。故填built。29The Tower Bridge, _ (construct) in the 1890s, still plays an important role in London. (所给词的适当形
23、式填空)【答案】constructed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:建于19世纪90年代的伦敦塔桥至今仍在伦敦发挥着重要作用。分析句子结构可知construct在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语The Tower Bridge构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。30A proverb expresses a truth, _(base)on common sense or the practical experience of humans. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】based【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:谚语是基于常识或人类的实践经验所表达的真理。主语
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