2022高考英语 贯穿知识点看“线”（名师知识点总结训） 非谓语动词.doc

《2022高考英语 贯穿知识点看“线”（名师知识点总结训） 非谓语动词.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022高考英语 贯穿知识点看“线”（名师知识点总结训） 非谓语动词.doc（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、非谓语动词近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。1(2013北京，21)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.Achange Bchanging Cchanged Dto change解析考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作chance后置定语。答案D2(2

2、013福建，22)_ basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnown BHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词，答案选C。答案C3(2013山东，33)_at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again.AHaving eaten BTo eatCEat DEating解析考查非谓语动词。句意：因为以前曾经

3、在自助餐厅吃过，Tina再也不想在那儿吃了。动词eat与主语Tina之间为主动关系，再根据句中before可知需强调eat这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成形式Having eaten表主动完成，作原因状语。答案A4(2013湖南，25)The sun began to rise in the sky，_the mountain in golden light.Abathed BbathingCto have bathed Dhave bathed解析考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行，故选B。答案B5(2013湖南，31)_warm at

4、night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayed CTo stay DStay解析考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词不定式表目的，句意：晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。故选C。答案C6(2013江苏，31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins，the city took on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbe

5、ing reduced Dhaving reduced解析考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系，故选C。答案C7(2013辽宁，28)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail_for her.Awaited Bto wait Cwaiting Dwas waiting解析考查非谓语动词。此题there be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在

6、进行，故选C，现在分词。答案C8(2013陕西，13)Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.Ato understand BunderstandCunderstanding Dunderstood解析考查非谓语动词。动词let后接动词原形understand做宾补，表示与宾语those in need之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb do sth。故选B。答案B9(2013陕西，14)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descrip

7、tions of the fight.Aquestioned Bbeing questionedCto be questioned Dhaving questioned解析考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作witnesses的后置定语；且判断动词question与witnesses间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中标志词just now可知动作question已经完成。故可选A。区别：done作后置定语意为“已被的”；being done作后置定语意为“正被的”；to be done作后置定语意为“将被的”。答案A10(2013四川，8)_which university to

8、attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.ANot knowing BKnowing notCNot known DKnown not 解析考查非谓语动词。主语the girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词Not knowing在句中作原因状语。答案A自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 _ it with me should be a good choice.Trust me!AWhen left BLeaveCIf

9、you leave DLeaving解析句意：把他留给我应该是一个好选择。 相信我。 leaving是动名词作主语。答案D【典例2】 Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.Ato invite Binviting Cinvite Dinvited 解析该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考查。句意：请帮我个忙邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。答案C1The traffic rule says young children under

10、 the age of four and_ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seatAbeing weighed BweighsCweighed Dweighing解析容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。答案D2_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.AGiving BGive CGive

11、n DTo give解析如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句and陈述句的句型。答案B谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。 非谓语：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。【典例3】 I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.Aworking; stopping Bto work；stoppingCworking；to stop Dto work；to st

12、op 解析stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。答案 C【典例4】 Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?Amark Bbe markedCbeing marked Dmarking 解析“got down to”中的“to”是介词，因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。答案D3There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need

13、_.Athat；to be improved Bwhich; to be improvedCwhere；improving Dwhen；improving解析因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“improving”或“to be improved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语，应用“that”引导。答案A4Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.Aliving Bto liveCto be li

14、ving Dhaving lived解析try doing sth 意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth 意为“尽力去做某事”。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。答案A非谓语作主语、宾语的重点(1)it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。(2)it作形式主语使用动名词的句型I

15、t is no use/no good/uselessdoing sth It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is fun (a great pleasure, a waste of time) doing sth It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。【典例5】 Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.Ainterested Binteresting Cinterestingly Dintereste

16、dly解析“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D 备选项都是副词，应排除。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。答案A【典例6】 Please remain _；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated解析“seat”是及物动词，“be seatedsit down”。此处“seatedsitting”。“remain seated”保持坐着的状态。句意：请

17、各位在座位上坐着；获奖者很快就会宣布的。答案B5It is believed that if a book is _，it will surely _ the reader.Ainterested; interest Binteresting; be interestedCinterested; be interestingDinteresting; interest解析考查现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征或性质。答案D6Sara, hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.Aget changed Bget chan

18、geCget changing Dget to change解析“get过去分词”结构描述主语在该动作完成后所处的状态。用于此结构的过去分词还有closed, dressed, paid, broken, lost, killed等。答案A非谓语作表语的重点(1)不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for

19、 disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。(2)现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)This dog is fright

20、ened.这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的心理状态)Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。(tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态)【典例7】 The teacher asked us _ so much noise.Adont make Bnot makeCnot making Dnot to make解析在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。答案D【典例8】 Excuse me，sir, w

21、here is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob _ you to your room.Ashow Bshows Cto show Dshowing解析“have sb do sth”意为命令或安排某人做某事。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去，“have sb doing sth”表示使某人一直处于某种状态中。答案A7A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _ in kitchen. Asmoke Bsmoking Cto smoke Dsmoked解析“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语

22、。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语， 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案B8To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak解析此处考查“hear宾语do/doing/done”的结构。因为“English”是“被说”，故用过去分词(spoken)作宾补，表示被动。答案C非谓语动词做宾语补足语

23、的要点：(1)主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，将来的动作用不定式。(2)几个特别的结构have宾语do/doing/done “ have 宾语 do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。“have 宾语 doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。Don

24、t have the dog barking much, Lilin.李林，别让狗狂吠不停。“ have 宾语done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了，此时，主语是无意中的受动者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。get宾语to do/doing/done 三种结构的意义请参看上述“have宾语d

25、o/doing/done”的意义解释。He got his sister to help him with his clothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。Can you really get that old clock going again.你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。catch sb doing sth逮住某人干某事If she catches me reading her diary, shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 m

26、ake oneself done oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。【典例9】 If there is a lot of work _， Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.Ato do Bto be doing Cdone Ddoing解析“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“to do”作后置定语。答案A【典

27、例10】 If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.Acoming Bhaving comeCto come Dto be coming解析考查动词不定式作定语。动词不定式通常用来表示未发生的动作，本句是一个if引导的条件句，是对将来的一种假设，故应用不定式。in decades to come意为“在将来的几十年”。答案C9The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!Aarrived Barr

28、ives Cto arrive Darriving 解析“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语。答案C10Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.Ato form BformCforming Dhaving formed解析句意：看书时有画面在大脑中形成，而不是在眼前。而句中有谓语“there are ”，所以本应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，

29、排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。答案C11Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.Aseat Bsit Cseated Dsat 解析“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。答案C1不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 例如：She

30、 is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.(2)如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。例如：Lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in.(3)不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时，若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语， 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 例如： Have you got anything to say at the meeting? (you.say .anything) Here

31、is a letter to be taken to Mr.Li.在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。 比较：There is nothing to do at present.(We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present.(We can do nothing at present.) 2ing分词作定语 (1)单个的ing分词作定语一般前置，说明名词的性质、特征或用途等，ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个ing分词也常后置。 例如：a sleeping car (

32、a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child (a child who is sleeping ) (2)ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。 例如：Do you know the boy talking (who is talking ) to the teacher? 比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.3ed分词作定语 ed分词作定

33、语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作，ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作， ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。 例如：a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.4像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句 例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, m

34、arched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident，has greatly changed the world.【典例11】 He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out.Ato be told Bto tell Ctold Dtelling解析“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。 答案A【典例12】 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since t

35、he start of the year，_ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.Ahave reached Breaching Cto reach Dto be reaching解析从句意来分析， 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到记录” 。答案B12The storm left，_ a lot of damage to this area .Acaused Bto have causedCto cause Dhaving caused解析因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除

36、选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前， 所以用完成式。答案D13_ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.AHaving shown BTo be shownCHaving been shown DTo show解析“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。答案C14_ in a white unif

37、orm, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.ADressed BTo dress CDressing DHaving dressed解析“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb/oneself(表动作)、be dressed in(表状态)”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系， 故用过去分词。答案A1现在分词与主句的主语之间是主动关系，用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等；第二，过去分词与主句的主语之间是被动关系；第三，作状语的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前要用分词的完成时。2作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，表示

38、处于某种状态，如：crowded，devoted，discouraged，done，dressed，drunk，experienced，frightened，gone，hurt，interested，killed，known，learned，lost，pleased，satisfied，shut，surprised，tired，undressed，worried，astonished，broken，completed，covered等。【典例13】 Faced with a bill for $10,000，_.Aan extra job has been given to JohnBthe

39、boss has given John an extra jobCan extra job has been takenDJohn has taken an extra job解析根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有D项才对。答案D【典例14】 _，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.AGeneral speaking BSpeaking generalCGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally解析分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习惯用语不遵守分词的附着规则。答案C【

40、典例15】 _ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.ACompare BWhen comparingCComparing DWhen compared解析分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选B或C项，则就是“垂悬分词”。答案D15Once telling him the truth，_.Ahe will be nervou

41、s all the time Bhe will find himself nervous all the timeCyou will find him nervous all the timeDeveryone will find him nervous all the time解析once telling him the truth这个不是句子，而是句子中的状语部分，作用相当于一个状语从句。而且这个状语部分的主语必须和真正句子的主语相同。“一旦你告诉他这个事实，你就会发现他一直很紧张。答案C16_ good and sweet，this kind of apple was soon sold

42、 out in the market.ATasted BTastingCHaving been tasted DBeing tasted解析taste翻译成“尝起来”是系动词，无被动语态。答案B17_ from media reports，the result has been unclear.ATo judge BHaving judged CJudging DJudged解析judging from为悬垂分词。答案C1使用分词(短语)作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词(短语)的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。2已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)不需要遵守这条附着规则

43、。常见的的有：considering.(鉴于/考虑到)，judging by/from.(从来看，依据来判断)，supposing that.(假定)，providing that.(假定)，according to.(依据)，including.(包括)，owing to.(由于)，talking/speaking of.(谈及) given.(考虑到)，provided that.(如果)【典例16】 It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned.Afor Bof Cabout Dfrom 解析本句可以改成：You were

44、foolish to give up.。形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。答案B【典例17】 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _.Ato never break Bnever to be brokenCnever to have broken Dnever to be breaking 解析动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。答案B18The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating解析动