2022高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（13）.doc

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1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练二轮精品题（13）及答案阅读理解“To be or not to be”Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the worldThey were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but f

2、or every thinking man and womanTo be or not to be-to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcelyA philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionallyHe answered

3、it by saying, “I think, therefore I am”But the best definition of existence I ever saw was one written by another philosopher who said, “To be is to be in relations” If this is true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is aliveTo live abundantly means simply to increase the range

4、 and intensity （强度） of our relationsUnfortunately, we are so constituted that we get to love our routineBut other than our regular occupation, how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extentSo far as other things are concerned-poetry an

5、d prose, music, pictures, sports unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs-you are deadOn the contrary, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest-even more, a new accomplishment-you increase your power of lifeNo one who is deeply interested in different kinds of subjects can

6、 remain unhappyThe real pessimist is the person who has lost interestBacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friendBut we gain new life by contacts with new friends, and new ideas and thoughts, tooWhere your thoughts are, there will be your life alsoIf your thoughts are limited only to you

7、r business, only to your physical welfare, only to your narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow restricted lifeBut if you are interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interested people; if you listen intently to fine music, yo

8、u are always away from immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imaginationTo be or not to be - to live intensely and richly, or merely to exist, that depends on ourselvesLet us widen and intensify our relationsWhile we live, let us live1What does the author mainly want to do by t

9、his passage?AArgue against an ideaBPut forward an ideaCIntroduce some famous sayingsDExplain some famous sayings2What does the underlined word “pessimist” most probably mean?ASomebody who always expects the worst to happenBSomebody who is always interested in making new friendsCSomebody who always l

10、ives in a world of passion and imaginationDSomebody who likes to live a rich and abundant life3Which of the following behaviors is most probably NOT encouraged by the author?AThinking more than your own businessBCaring only about your physical welfareCReading good novelsDListening to fine music4What

11、 is the main idea of the passage?ATo be or not to be, that is a questionBI think, therefore I amCTo be is to be in relationsDA man dies as often as he loses a friend【参考答案】14、BABCC72013江苏卷 -BWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，

12、or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating thing

13、s，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occas

14、ions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should ap

15、ply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But dont ta

16、ke the recorded message too seriously.Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course，markets and queues

17、are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of

18、 the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places

19、 that markets have entered.58According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？ATaking buses. BBuying houses.CFlying with an airline. DVisiting amusement parks.59The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _Athe necessi

20、ty of patience in queuing Bthe advantage of modern technologyCthe uncertainty of allocation principle Dthe fairness of telephonic services60The passage is meant to _Ajustify paying for faster services Bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyze the reason for standing in line Dcriticize the beh

21、avior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选A项。59C细

22、节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。60B作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。阅读理解-CThe diversity of the original American Indian settlers was not quite as great as that of the 18th, 19th and early 20th c

23、enturies when waves of European, Asian and unwilling African immigrants arrived on American shores. However, the First Americans did have more far-going origins that were ever suspected. For example, Braces studies have revealed that the Blackfoot, Iroquois, and other tribes from Minnesota, Michigan

24、, Ontario, and Massachusetts came down from the Jomon, a prehistoric people of Japan. The Inuit in the far north and tribal groups who once lived down the Eastern seaboard into Florida appear to be a later branch from the trunk of the Jomon family tree. The Athabaskan-speaking people from the Yukon

25、and northern-western Canada, who spread as far south as Arizona and northern Mexico, appear to trace their origins to China. “Their facial shapes link them more closely to the living Chinese than to any other population in either part of the world,” says Brace.Johanna Nichols, a Professor of Slavic

26、languages and literature at the University of California at Berkeley, says that new evidence from native languages throughout the New World strongly suggests that humans have been in the Americas since as early as 40,000 BC. She says that it is only along the west coast that languages appear to have

27、 come from immigrants who arrived after the ice age, 14,000 years ago.Nichols also has some different ideas about the direction in which the country was settled. Breaking with the traditional view of migrations, she says that the inside of North America was colonized not only from Siberia but also f

28、rom the south.To bolster her argument for an early settlement date, Nichols points to findings from the Monte Verde site in southern Chile. It has been dated at 12,500 years old, which means the area was occupied during the last ice age. And, the Monte Verde people would have needed at least 6,500 y

29、ears to travel from Alaska to Chile. Yet, that only takes us back to about 19,000 years ago. Her research suggests a very high degree of language diversity is something that happens only with time. She insists that the approximately 150 distinct native American language families we know of today mus

30、t have required at least 35,000 years to develop.1. In the first paragraph the writer uses the word “unwilling” to show that _.A. the Africans came against the will of most AmericansB. the Africans came without the approval of their parentsC. the Africans were taken here against their own willD. the

31、 Europeans who came at the time didnt want the Africans to come together2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Athabaskan-speaking people? A. They were related to people living in Japan in prehistoric times.B. They were a branch from the trunk of the Jomon family tree.C. They have no

32、 links to any other people.D. They were thought to have certain links to the ancestors of the Chinese people.3. The underlined word bolster in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A. useB. haveC. supportD. build4. From the passage we can know _.A. people in the Americas today are believed t

33、o have probably come down only from the northB. Nichols strongly suggests that humans have lived in the Americas for about 6,500 yearsC. Nichols supports the traditional ideas about the direction in which the country was settledD. it surely takes a very long time for language diversity to come about

34、【参考答案】14、CDCDC72013江西卷 -BWhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Org

35、anization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the hel

36、p that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach peopl

37、e from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less dev

38、eloped nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attac

39、hed for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being tempo

40、rary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. Giving direc

41、t help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?A. By solving t

42、he cost problems.B. By solving the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.62What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learning to fish is helpful.C. Te

43、aching skills is essential. D. Looking after others is important.63The second paragraph is developed mainly_A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast64Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.C. A water plant. D. Financial support.6

44、5What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。61. C考查细节理解。由第一段最后一

45、句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。62. C考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take car

46、e of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。63. A考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。64. D考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run”可知经济的支

47、持是暂时的。65. A考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simpleHere however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。- 8 -