2022高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（28）.doc

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1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练二轮精品题（28）及答案阅读理解 Whoever named the bird turkey a word that English speakers began mentioning as long ago as 1541 made a big mistake. Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a tur

2、key. When English speakers established their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, they thought they saw turkeys there too. “We found an island, on which there were many turkeys,” wrote one. These birds were not from Turkey and were not related to the Guinean fowl（家禽）of Africa. But turkeys t

3、hey were called, and turkeys they remain.Much of what we know about the Jamestown colony was written by Captain John Smith, whose efforts preserved the colony from collapse（垮掉）and who in turn was preserved by the Indian “princess” Pocahontas. Smiths accounts of the colony frequently mention turkeys

4、as food, gifts, and objects of trade. In 1607, Smith wrote, to celebrate the first peace after the first armed fight, the Indians brought turkeys, bread and what they had, singing and dancing in celebration of friendship till they departed. Elsewhere Smith noted that the Indians made warm and beauti

5、ful cloaks（披风）from turkey feathers. Further north, as the Plymouth colony neared the end of its first year in 1621, Governor William Bradford also observed a great flock of wild turkeys, of which they took many. Undoubtedly, turkeys were among the fowls served at the first Thanksgiving dinner.Despit

6、e those significant beginnings and Benjamin Franklins lobbying（游说）, the turkey lost to the bald eagle in the contest for American bird. And it is a loser in modern English slang, too. Since the 1920s, turkey has been a term for a play or movie that is a failure, and since the 1950s for a person who

7、is not fit for his job. But though the turkey never succeeded in becoming the American symbol, it did become the American feast. Thanksgiving is Turkey Day, and the turkey has come into our language more than other birds. We never “talk eagle”, we “talk turkey” when we speak frankly.63. Who named th

8、e bird turkey?A. English speakers. B. Turkish merchants.C. Captain John Smith. D. Guineans.【答案】A【解析】从第一段的第二句话Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. 得知虽然这种鸟原产地是几内亚，但是是英国人从Turkish商人那里买的

9、，很自然的，英国人就称这种鸟turkey.【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题64. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. A. turkeys were brought to Jamestown by Smith B. the Indians fought with Captain Smith for turkeys C. turkeys were served at the first Thanksgiving dinnerD. Captain John Smith wrote a book named Jamestown Co

10、lony65. When we say somebody is a turkey, it means _. A. he is very angry B. he has no ability to do his jobC. he likes eating turkeys D. he speaks frankly66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The turkey was beaten in a fight by the bald eagle. B. Turkeys were in

11、troduced to America from Guinea. C. The turkey has become American food because it was beaten.D. Turkey has become a term of failure in modern English slang.阅读理解-BBritains seed bank, the only one in the world aiming to collect all of the planets wild plant species, has reached its goal of banking 10

12、 percent by 2010The Millennium Seed Bank Project, run by Kew Gardensone of the oldest botanical gardenswill officially deposit the 24,200th species on Thursday, a pink, wild banana from ChinaMore than 50 countries are now on board with Kews giant task but vast places of the globe, including India an

13、d Brazil, still need to join in and donate seeds, director Paul Smith said The seed bank is one of the largest and most diverse in the world with more than 15 billion seedsIts goal is to help protect the planets bio-diversity during a time of climate changeThe wild banana seed is under threat of ext

14、inction（灭绝） in southwest China from agricultural developmentIt is a vital food source for Asian elephants and important for growing bananas for human consumptionStored at minus-20 degrees centigrade, so they can last for thousands of years, the seeds await the day that scientists hope never comeswhe

15、n the species no longer exist in the wildIt is a race against time, Smith said, because in the last decade alone, 20 plants held in the bank have already been wiped out in the wildHe estimates that between a third and a quarter will become extinct this centuryIt is urgent and it is happening nowAn a

16、rea, the size of England, is cleared of primary vegetation（植被）every year Smith saidBecause most of the worlds food and medicines come from nature, protecting wild plant species is quite important, scientists sayThere are already many other seed banks safeguarding food crops, which only account for 0

17、.6 percent of plant diversityFor Kews next goalto collect a quarter of wild varieties by 2020the botanists need 10 million pounds a year, or a further 100 million pounds on top of the 40 million they have already been granted71Whats the final purpose of the Britains seed bank? ATo collect enough mon

18、ey for the project BTo safeguard food crops CTo protect wild plants from extinction DTo help scientists study wild plants72The wild banana seed in China is in danger because of _ Athe expanding of farming work Bthe climate change in this area Cthe large number of Asian elephants Dhumans large consum

19、ption73We can learn from the passage that _ Athe seeds in the bank can be used now and then all over the world BIndia and Brazil havent joined in the Seed Bank Project at present Cthere is only one seed bank in the world at present Dthe wild plants in places like India and China will never die out74

20、What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 7 refer to? AThe extinction of plant species BKew Gardens next goal CBritains seed bank DThe Millennium Seed Bank Project75Which of the following information isnt mentioned in the passage? AThe global partnership of collecting wild plant species BThe t

21、emperature condition of the conservative wild plant species CThe governments financial support for the seed bank project DScientists concern on the extinct wild plant species参考答案7175 CABDC阅读理解-AThose who have suffered from insomnia know the sinking feeling of watching the clock tick. Now a new study

22、 in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that lying in bed awake may actually contribute to the problem of sleeplessness. The study of 79 adults (average age 72) with insomnia aimed to determine whether brief behavioral interventions for insomnia would help. Traditional behavioral therapy（疗法）r

23、equires at least half a dozen hour-long sessions with a therapist a costly commitment many patients either cant make or dont have access to. Other options include sleep-aiding medications or supplements. In the current study, the 39 participants in the behavioral therapy group received a 45- to 60-m

24、inute instructing session, plus a 30-minute follow-up session and two 20-minute phone calls. Doctors offered the following behavioral interventions for improving sleep: reduce time in bed; get up at the same time every day, regardless of sleep duration; dont go to bed unless sleepy; and dont stay in

25、 bed unless asleep. The other 40 participants in the study were given printed educational materials about insomnia, which included the same instructions given to the intervention group, but without the individualized sessions with a therapist. Two weeks later, the latter group also got a 10-minute f

26、ollow-up phone call. At the end of four weeks, the behavioral treatment group was significantly more likely to show improvements in sleep than the printed-materials group. By that time, 55% of those who received behavioral treatment no longer met the criteria for insomnia, compared with 13% of the g

27、roup that got educational brochures. The good news comes at the same time as a report on the health effects of insomnia from the U.K.s Mental Health Foundation. The report, Sleep Matters, suggests a link between insomnia and poor relationships, low energy levels and an inability to concentrate. Poor

28、 sleep has already been linked to depression, immune deficiency and heart disease. 66. What is the meaning of the underlined word “ insomnia”?A. sleeplessness B. depression C. heart disease D. immune deficiency67. What is the disadvantage of traditional behavioral therapy? A. It cant help. B. It cos

29、ts a lot of money. C. It requires sessions with a therapist. D. It includes sleep-aiding medications.68. How to improve sleep according to the doctor? A. Lying in bed awake. B. Get up early every day. C. Dont go to bed late at night. D. Dont stay in bed if you are not asleep.69. We can learn from th

30、e text that insomnia may cause the following results except_. A. depression B. concentration C. immune deficiency D. heart disease70. What can we infer from the study?A. The intervention group was not given the printed materials.B. The latter group of the study was not given follow-up phone calls.C.

31、 The behavioral treatment group was less likely to show improvements.D. The instructing session that the intervention group received is most effective.【参考答案】6670ABDBD阅读理解DChinese writer Mo Yans Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to

32、more titles translated into English, European experts say.“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese wr

33、iters have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mos win coincides with growing interest in

34、 Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary（富于幻想的）writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize

35、for Literature in its century-long history.As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “Its mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their w

36、orks outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the g

37、rowing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit （缺少）between China and its international counterparts in particular, China knows incomparably（无比地）more about Europe and America than the o

38、ther way round and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”67. The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”.A. start out B. burn up C. set off D. appeal to68. Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because A. Chinese wr

39、iters have been writing more and more books in EnglishB. the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world C. the Chinese government attaches great importance to literatureD. the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed【答案】D【解析】从第四段Hockx expla

40、ins, “Its mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and c

41、ulture.” Hockx所解释的中国的文学作品越来越受关注的主要原因是中国的作家有越来越多的机会去国外推广的作品并吸引了外国的读者。与此同时，越来越多的外国人学习汉语并对中国的语言和文化表现出很厚的兴趣，由此可以推断出中国和西方国家的关系加强了才导致的这种结果。【考点定位】考察的是推理判断题69. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Chinese literature has spread with the development of China. B. The Nobel Prize for Lite

42、rature has a history of hundreds of years. C. In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.D. Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yans works.70. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. China knows more about Europe and America than before.

43、B. China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China. C. China, Europe and America know one another more than before.D. Compared with America, China knows more about Europe.阅读理解Seen from space the earth is covered with a blue mantle. It is a planet on which the continents(洲，大陆) ar

44、e dwarfed (相形见绌) by the ocean surrounding them and the vastness of the marine (海洋的) area. An astonishing 80 percent of all life on earth is to be found hidden beneath the waves and this vast global ocean drives the natural forces which keep life on our planet. The ocean provides necessary sources of

45、 protein, energy, minerals and other products and the rolling of the sea across the planet creates over half our oxygen, drives weather systems and natural flows of energy and nutrients around the world, transports water masses many times greater than all the rivers on land combined and keeps the ea

46、rth suitable for living things to survive. Without the global ocean there would be no life on earth. It is seriously worrying, then, that we are damaging the ocean on a level that is unimaginable to most people. We now know that human activity can have a serious influence on the vital forces of our

47、planet. We have fundamentally changed our global climate and are just beginning to understand the consequences of that. As yet largely unseen, but just as serious, are the influences we are having on the ocean. A healthy ocean has diverse ecosystems and strong and healthy habitats. The actual state of our ocean is a far cry from this natural state. A lot o