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1、定语从句定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。中考对定语从句的考查主要是引导定语从句的关系代词、关系 副词的用法以及定语从句中谓语动词的形式。其中that/who/which用法的联系的区别是考查的重点。考查的方式多种多样,涉及中考的各个题型,以单项选择、完形填空和句型转换为主。一、 由关系代词that/which,who引导的定语从句关系代词that,which可以指物,that和who可以指人,其用法有如下区别:1、 只可用that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。如:W
2、e should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。如:You can take any seat that in free.你可以坐任何一个空位。(3)先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰。如:He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那个人。(1) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best novel that
3、I have read.这是我所看过的最好的小说。(2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:This is your second time that you told us the story.这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。(3) 当先行词同时含有人和物时。如:We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。2、 只用which引导的定语从句:(1) 当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that.如:This is the train by which we went t
4、o Beijing.这就是我们乘坐去北京的那班列车。(2) 在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。如:Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球,一项非常有趣的运动,全世界的人都在踢。3、 表示 人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that.如:Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人会回答这个问题吗?二、由关系代
5、词引导的定语从句定词从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副 词在定语从句中一定要作从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用,关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时,可以省略关系代词。1、 先行词指人时,定语从句由who,whom,that引导,在从句中who,that可以作主语或宾语,whom只作宾语。如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个
6、人吗?The man whom my father is talking to is Mr.Wang.那个正和我爸爸谈话的人是王先生。2、 先行词指物时,定语从句由which,that引导,在从句可以作主语或宾语。如:The movie that/which I saw yesterday is very interesting.昨天我看的那部电影很有趣。The doll that/which can sing cost 120 yuan.那个会唱歌的洋娃娃值120元。3、 whose在定语从句中,只用作定语,有时它还可以同of which互换。如:please pass me the boo
7、k whose/of which cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。二、 由关系副词引导的定语从句1、 关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when用在表示时间的名词后,where用在表示地点的名词后,why用在表示原因的名词后。when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如:I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.这就是他
8、今早迟到的理由吗?2、 当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因,但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时,不可用when,where或why,而应用that或which.如:Hangzhou is a city _ where _ there is a beautiful lake. (作状语)Hangzhou is a city _ that/which _ has a beautiful lake. (作主语)Ill never forget the day_when_I first came to Beijing. (作状语)Ill never forget the day_that/whic
9、h_we spent together. (作及物动词spend的宾语)真题导航:1、(2008吉林)This is the question_we are talking about now.A.that B.who C.where D.when2、(2008湖南长沙)What are you looking for?I am looking for the book_I bought yesterday.A.who B.which C.whost3、(2008甘肃兰州)We all like the teachers_class is interesting and creative.A.
10、which B.whose C.who D.that 4、(2008甘肃定西)This is the girl_mother is an English teacher of our school.A.that B.who C.whom D.whose5、The man_lives next to us is our friend.A.which B.whom C.who 6、(2008河南)Shaolin Temple_lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A.where B.w
11、hich C.who D.what7、Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house_he was born.A.that B.there C.which D.where 8、用关系代词或关系副词填空:(1)Please give a hand to those_need it.(2)Thats the reason_he couldnt come to that important meeting.(3)The black shirt_is on the shelf is very special(4)She does
12、nt remember the day_her son joined the army.(5)An English-English dictionary is a book_gives the English meaning of the words.(6)This is the small town_I was born.(7)The old man_son died in the accident is very poor.(8)The kid _his parents are waiting for will never come back.(9)A lot of great chang
13、es have taken place in the city in _we live.(10)The first thing_I want to buy with the money is a new bike.为你支招:1、A 考查定语从句。先行词the question指物,关系词在从句中作talk about的宾语,所以用that.2、B 考查定语从句。先行词the book指物,关系词在从句中作bought的宾语,所以选which.3、B 先行词the teacher指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰class,应该用whose.4、D 先行词the girl指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词mother,所以应选D5、C 先行词the man指人,排除A项,关系代词在从句中作主语,用who.6、B 考查定语从句。Shaolin Temple是地点,但先行词在从句中作主语,所以用which不用where.7、D 考查定语从句。the house是地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以用where.8、(1)who/that (2)why (3)which/that (4)when (5)which/that(6)where (7)whose (8)whom/who/that (9)which (10)that3
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