大学生兼职之法律问题探析,周懿.docx
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1、 论文独创性声明 是我个人在导师指导下进行的研宂工作及取得的研宂成果。论文中除了特别加以 标注和致谢的地方外,不包含其他人或其它机构己经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 其他研宄者对本研宄的启发和所做的贡献均己在论文中作了明确的声明并表示 了谢意。 本人完全 /解华东政法大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权 保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅并制作光盘,学校可以公布论文 的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存论文,学校同时有 权将本学位论文加入全国优秀博硕士学位论文共建单位数据库。保密的论文在解 密后遵守此规定。 论文使用授权声明 学校代码: 10276 学 号: 1
2、0310044 专业学位硕士学位论文 MASTER, S THESIS 论文题目: 大学生兼职之法律问题探析 姓 名 周懿 学 科 、 专 业 法 律 硕 士 ( 在 职 攻 读 法 律 硕 士 ) 研 宄 方 向劳动与社会保障法 指 导 教 师 董保华教授 论文提交日期 2013 年 10 月 大学生兼职之法律问题探析 (硕士论文摘要) 专 业: 法律硕士 研宄方向: 劳动与社会保障法 作者姓名: 周 德 指导教师: 董保华教授 随着我国社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深化,社会经济环境的改变,现 今全日制高校学生或出于增加收入的目的,或出于扩展社会实践经验的目的,抑 或出于消磨时光的目的,高
3、校学生放下书本,开始越来越多地参与社会实践活动, 加入到兼职打工的队伍中。但是当全日制高校学生在兼职打工作过程中,合法权 益受到侵害,应当适用哪部法律对其进行救济,在我国理论界和实务界都存在比 较大的争议,理论界对于该问题,分为完全适用劳动法、部分适用劳动法以及不 适用劳动法三种观点。笔者通过分析国内专家的不同观点,认为基于我国目前的 法律法规,兼职大学生与用人单位建立的不是劳动关系而是民事雇佣关系。在分 析我国兼职大学生是否被纳入劳动法调整的时候,核心问题在于对 劳动者 资 格的界定,进而确认是否建立劳动关系。笔者考察了国外对于 劳动者 概念的 理论,分为由英美法系确立的 控制标准 和 经济
4、现实标准 以及大陆法系国 家普遍认可的 从属性 理论,包括 人身从属性 、 经济从属性 等。依据国 外对于 劳动者 概念的界定,从应然性角度分析,我国兼职大学生应当具有劳 动者主体资格,与用人单位建立劳动关系。但是我国现实立法规定与国外法学理 论的冲突,促使笔者再次探宄其原因。首先我国刚性的用工体制,决定了劳动者 适用劳动法之全套规定,而我国现行的劳动用工备案制度、劳动者社会保险制度、 最低工资制度,都不适用于兼职大学生,其次迫于我国高校毕业生日益严峻的就 业压力,国家倡导的职业见习制度,在暂时缓解高校毕业生就业压力的同时,将 兼职大学生适用劳动法调整的可能性扼杀了。因为己经具备劳动者主体资格
5、的毕 业生被纳入就 业范围后,却不受劳动法调整,无法依据最低工资标准领取劳动报 1 酬,见习单位不为其缴纳法定社会保险等。因兼职大学生不受劳动法调整,但是 作为社会弱势群体的兼职大学生在权益受到损害时,需要法律的倾斜保护。所以 笔者建议,可以教育部为主,联合其他部委制定适用 兼职大学生 的管理方案。 其中包括最高工时的限制、劳动保护、最低工资等内容。对于兼职大学生权益保 障,还包括了校方、团委、学生会、工会等方面做出的贡献。 关键词 大学生兼职;劳动者;劳动关系;雇佣关系 2 The Study of Legal Issue on the College Students with Part-
6、time Job (Abstract) Major: Juris Master Specification : Labor and Social Security Law Author: Zhou Yi Supervisor: Dong Baohua With more and deeper reformation of Socialist Marketing Economy system in our country under the kind of changeable social economic environment, and along with various purpose
7、s, more and more college students start to put down the school books, and then participate in the social economic activity practice as doing the part-time jobs. Some of them want to increase their income; some of them want to increase their social practice experience; and even some of them only want
8、 to kill times. During their part-time jobs, when these full-time college students meet the situation that their legitimate rights and interests are violated, which Law could help them and protect them? About this question, there are lots of debates in the theory circle and practice circle. In the t
9、heory circle, they treat this problem in three points of view: fully-applicable to Labor Law, partial-applicable to Labor Law and non-applicable to Labor Law. The writer makes the analysis among the different arguments in the domestic specialists, and then comes to the thought that based on our curr
10、ent laws and regulations, the relationship between college students and the employers is not the Labor relation, but it should be the regular Civil Employment Relationship. When making the analysis if the college students having the part-time jobs should be protected by the Labor Law, the key proble
11、m is how to identify the “Laborer”, and then to identify if the “Labor relation” is established. The writer made the investigation of the concept of “Laborer” in the foreign theories, and found there are several sayings from different Legal system - the Control Test and the Economic Reality Test fro
12、m Anglo-American Legal System, and Subordination Theory in the Civil Law System which including “Personality Subordination”, “economy Subordination” and etc. From these definitions for the Laborer in the foreign laws, and reviewing it from should-be aspect, our college students with part-time jobs s
13、hould be qualified regarded as the Laborer, and they should have the Labor relations with the Employers. But there are the conflicts between our legislation requirements and the foreign legal theories. This urges the writer to dig out the reasons behind. Firstly, the necessary employment system in o
14、ur country determines that the Laborer should enjoy all the rights from the Labor laws. But the college students with part-time jobs dont enjoy any of the policies/regulations, such as Labor employment filing system, Labor social insurance policy, the Minimal wage policy. Secondly, pushed by the rea
15、lity of employment pressures for the college graduates, the government initiates the Apprentice system to release this kind of pressures temporally. But meantime, it kills the possibility that college students with part-time jobs could be protected by the Labor laws. That is because the graduates wh
16、o have the rights to be the Laborer once involve in the Apprentices system employment, they are out of the protection from Labor law since they couldnt enjoy the minimal wage policy, and their employer won9t help them to buy the insurance either. Since the college students with part-time jobs dont b
17、e protected by the Labor Law, but as the disadvantage group, they could enjoy the favorable allocation of legal rights. Thus the writer suggests that the Ministry of Education, uniting with other ministries, should make the suitable management plan for these college students with part-time jobs, and
18、 It will include the most working hours limitation, Labor protection, the minimal wage requirements, and etc. And this also needs the contributions from the colleges, Youth League Committee, Student Union, as well as Labor Union. Key Words part-time students; laborer; labor relationship; employment
19、relationship 2 目录 导 胃 . 1 一、 研宄背景与意义 . 1 二、 文献综述 . 2 三、 研宄方法 . 4 四、 相关概念界定 . 4 第一章现行法律对大学生兼职之规定及评述 . 5 第一节国内理论界对大学生兼职的法律关系评述 . 5 一、 国内劳动法学者对于 大学生洋快餐打工 事件的评述 . 5 二 、 国内理论界对大学生兼职法律关系综述 . 6 第二节我国现行法律对于大学生兼职之规定及评述 . 8 一、 我国现行法律对于大学生兼职之规定 . 8 二、 根据我国现行法规大学生兼职不受劳动法调整 . 8 第二章兼职大学生劳动关系之法理论证 . 11 第一节 劳动者 概念
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