届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧ppt课件.ppt

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1、阅读理解阅读理解武胜中学 叶小庆 主旨大意Step 1:Lead-in A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”the cat was so frightered that it ran for its life.Mother mouse turned to her babie

2、s and said ,”Now,do you understand the value of a second language?”What is the story mainly about?It is important to learn a foreign language.主旨大意主旨大意 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。Step 2: Question forms about the main idea1) 主题型主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式主旨大意题的

3、题干表现形式The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2) 目的类目的类主旨大意题主旨大意题The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.3) 标题类标题类主旨大意题主旨大意题The b

4、est title for the passage might be Step 3: How to get the main idea 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。息。2) 找准文章的主题句是关键找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：答题时，我们可以： 读首句读首句抓大意抓大意 读尾句读尾句抓大意抓大意 在中间在中间抓大意抓大意 读首尾段读首尾段抓大意抓大意 3.)主题句主题句隐含隐含在全文中在全文中 无主题

5、句无主题句隐含隐含在全文中明显主题句时在全文中明显主题句时高频信息词高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个一是有一个反复出现的反复出现的中心词，即高频词中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak

6、or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink

7、. （1）主题句在）主题句在段首段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头开头，其后的句子则是，其后的句子则是论证性细节论证性细节。在。在说明文说明文，科技文献科技文献和和新闻报道新闻报道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of

8、 class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会出现在）主题句也会出现在段尾段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理层层推理论证论证，最后自然得出最后自然得出结论结论，即段落的主即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在题。本段的中心思想在结尾句结尾句得到体现得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。 Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire

9、goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3 3）

10、在短文）在短文中间中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时, , 通常前面只提出通常前面只提出问题问题， 文中的文中的主题主题由随之陈由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, , 而后又作进一步的而后又作进一步的解释解释, , 支撑或支撑或发展发展. . 1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词关注一些表征强转折关系的连词 “but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。一段话的主题句。 2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：关注一些表征总结性，结论性的

11、词： “in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, in conclusion, in a word”等，等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。 3) 如果主题句含有如果主题句含有show, indicate和和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。从句。 主题句在短文主题句在短文中间中间Sample 4Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with

12、 snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said. “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.（4 4）首尾呼应首尾呼应为突出主题为突出主题, , 作者先提出主题作者先提出主题, , 结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题, , 这种首尾呼应的写作这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见方式也较为多见. . 通常通常, , 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复前后表述主题的句子

13、不是简单的重复, , 后面的表后面的表述往往有述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味进一步的引申或发展的意味. . (5) 从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the cons

14、truction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现的词为文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨关键词，一般与主旨相关相关 Sample 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the

15、 city, The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is

16、 at the top of the tunnel, The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the si

17、de of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. (5) 从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _. A. the

18、 construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现的词为文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨关键词，一般与主旨相关相关 1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smok

19、ing related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habitC.LCO advises people to stop smokingD.Why did people die of Lung cancer?The main idea of the passage is _.2.Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.

20、Name or no name ? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name t

21、hat we honor what we say. The passage is mainly about_. A. honor and writers B. identity and signature C. signature(签名) and responsibility D. anonymity and signature3. Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the

22、poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence

23、on the lives of billions worldwide The author intends to . A. stress the advantages of TV to peoples lives B. persuade women to become more independent C. encourage people to improve their reading skills D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google非文章事实的主观臆断非文章事实的主观臆断4 Smoking cigarettes is

24、 harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigare

25、tte smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ?A. Smoking can cause cancer. B. Smoking is a terrible killer C. Smoking is harmful to our health. D. An experiment on smoking. .某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节片面推

26、出的错误结论片面推出的错误结论某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节5.Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only b

27、y his appearance. What is the main idea of the passage? A.A professional criminal looks more innocent than others. B.Dont judge others by appearance. C.So, it is foolish to judge a person only by his appearance D.Try to judge a person only by his appearance6. 即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行

28、全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excell

29、ent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. How to Deal with th

30、e Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事实或细节片面推事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。出的错误结论。3. 干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。There is no difficulty in the world if you put your heart into itHomework Please finish the paper which you will receive after classThank You