2021_2021学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅠWarmingUpPre_reading&Reading课时作业含解析新人教版必修.doc

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1、课时分层作业(十)Section 高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解AThere are strong arguments on space travel，and below you will find a list of many frequently used arguments.Pros of space travel：Space travel has inspired many people to continue improving technology such as inventing Velcro and nonstick frying pans.If you look at the

2、 total GDP worldwide，space only accounts for a very small percentage of the total budget.Better to spend money on our future，than on other projects that would have a much lower potential reward.If we were to colonize (占领) another planet，it would reduce the population on Earth，which is already overpo

3、pulated.This will result in the survival of our species when our planet can no longer support human life.Multinational space stations have helped diplomacy (外交) among multiple nations.Cons of space travel：There is a very large percentage of the earths oceans we have yet to explore.We should continue

4、 exploring the remaining unknown regions of our oceans before continuing to another planet.The funding for space exploration comes from the tax payers pockets.Many do not think that they should be forced into paying for something they oppose.The total contributions from space travel is minimal，when

5、considering the total cost.We should not be thinking about colonizing a moon，or a planet.Its better to save our existing planet first.If we are to destroy one planet，what is to stop us from repeating the mistakes on another planet.Not only is the cost of manned space missions expensive，but space tra

6、vel can have a serious effect on the human body over an extended period of time.The only way to solve it is by using robots，which reduces the human risk factor，and reduces the overall cost.Overall，most people approve of (赞成) our current exploration methods.In my opinion，these methods should be revie

7、wed to help reduce the cost of launches.I believe the potential of finding resources on other planets will make the cost of several decades of space exploration worthwhile.【语篇解读】太空旅行的支持者和反对者都给出什么样的理由呢？1Which of the following benefits of space travel is NOT mentioned?ACreating more job opportunities.

8、BReducing the overpopulation problem.CBringing about advanced technologies.DDeveloping relationships among countries.A细节理解题。根据Pros of space travel部分可知B、C、D三项均有提及，唯独A没提到。2The underlined part “the mistakes” here probably refers to Acolonizing a moonBdoing damage to EarthCspending money with little rew

9、ardDhaving a wrong understanding about other planetsB词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Its better to save our existing planet first.”可知“the mistakes”指的是我们对地球的破坏。3What would be the best title for this passage?AThe future of space travelBThe benefits of space travelCWhy space travel is expensiveDWhether space travel is w

10、orthwhile or notD标题归纳题。本文探讨了太空旅行值不值的问题。4Whats the authors attitude towards space travel?ANegative.BDoubtful.CPositive. DNot mentioned.C观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“I believe the potential of finding resources on other planets will make the cost of several decades of space exploration worthwhile.”可知作者的态度是积极的。BIt m

11、ay appear strange to hear that crops are making headlines.But this is no ordinary producethese fruits and vegetables have been grown in simulated (模拟的) Martian and lunar soils! Though the possibility of growing crops in outer space only gained widespread interest after Matt Damon grew potatoes in th

12、e movie “The Martian”，scientists have been testing the idea for many years.Fresh produce will after all be the key to setting up space colonies(殖民地)Among the pioneers in this effort is a team led by Wieger Wamelink，a scientist at Wageningen University & Research.In 2013，they planted fourteen varieti

13、es of plants in simulated Martian and lunar soils.Though the “Martian” plants did not bear any produce，they grew better than the “lunar” plants，most of which died shortly after being planted.Lack of vapor in the soil，according to the scientists，might have accounted for the failure.The second experim

14、ent began in late 2015.The researchers selected the same crops，while this time they used larger containers and added grass to them.In March 2016，their efforts were rewarded with a variety of produce including the vegetable that kept “The Martian” alive: potatoes.However，the researchers were still no

15、t sure if the produce was safe to eat.Thats because the Martian and lunar soils contain heavy metals like lead and arsenic，which do not affect plants but are poisonous to humans.After months of testing，the team finally confirmed that the produce was safe for human consumption.Some of the crops even

16、contained lower levels of heavy metals than plants grown in the “ordinary” earth soil.To celebrate the success，the scientists held a dinner party that centered around the crops.While there is no word on how the food tasted，it surely looks delicious.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家在模拟的火星和月球的土壤中种出了农作物，且这些农作物对人类是

17、安全的。5Why have scientists been trying out the idea of growing crops in outer space?ABecause the movie “The Martian”has opened up the possibility for the idea.BBecause soils on the Mars and the moon are similar to the earth soil.CBecause it is of great importance to space exploration in future.DBecaus

18、e it is a good solution to the worlds growing population.C推理判断题。题干中的关键词为“growing crops in outer space”。根据第二段中的“Fresh produce will after all be the key to setting up space colonies(殖民地)”可推知，正是因为农作物对未来的太空探索非常重要，所以科学家们一直在尝试种植能在太空生长的农作物。6Why were the researchers not sure about the safety of the produce

19、at first?ABecause the shape of the containers was changed.BBecause the types of the plants were different.CBecause the soil contains something poisonous to humans.DBecause the temperature of the lab is too low.C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Thats because the Martian and lunar soils contain heavy metals like lead

20、and arsenic.poisonous to humans”可知，这两种土壤中含有重金属是造成科学家们对农作物的安全性不确定的原因。故选C。7Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?AWieger Wamelinka pioneer in Growing Space cropsBSpace ColoniesFar from possibleCFood Safetya Main Public ConcernD“Martian”and “Lunar” Crops Safe for HumansD主旨大意题。通

21、读全文可知，本文主要讲了科学家们成功地在模拟的火星和月球的土壤中种出农作物，并证实这些农作物是安全、可食用的，故选D。.阅读七选五Space is where our future istrips to the Moon，Mars and beyond.Most people would think that apart from comets (彗星) and stars，there is little else out there. 1 Now scientists are concerned that if we dont clean them up，we may all be in g

22、reat danger.2 In that year，the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center.However，since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results，scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning (抛弃) things that no longer served any useful purpose

23、 in space.It is said that there are now over 500，000 pieces of manmade trash orbiting the Earth. 3 They vary from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras，huge fuel tanks，and even odd items like the milliondollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk

24、.The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spaceships. 4 When these pieces fall back to the earth，it would be dangerous. 5 Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satell

25、ites or space shuttles.Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.ANo one knows what will happen in the future.BThe first piece of space junk was created in 1964.CThey are flying at a speed of up to 17，500 miles per

26、 hour.DMoreover，they may crash into each other and break into pieces.EIf these pieces are not cleaned up，astronauts will face great danger.FTo avoid this，scientists have invented several ways to clear the sky.GBut，since our space journey started we have left so much waste there.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自从人类开始

27、探索太空以来，太空中出现了很多垃圾。它们很危险，因此科学家们想出一些方法清理它们。1G设空处前面提到，很多人认为在太空中除了彗星和恒星，基本没有其他东西；G项表示，但是，自从我们人类开始太空旅行起，我们在太空中留下了很多垃圾，与设空处前面所述内容是转折关系。故选G。2B根据设空处后面的“In that year，the American satellite Vanguard I.”可判断出，设空处所填内容里涉及一个年份，选项中只有B项符合这一条件。故选B。3C设空处前面提到，据说在地球周围大概有50万件太空垃圾绕着地球转；C项提到，那些太空垃圾以高达每小时17 500英里的速度飞行，紧承上文，

28、继续介绍那些太空垃圾的情况。故选C。4D设空处前面提到，那些太空垃圾造成的主要问题是它们有可能撞上运行中的卫星和对飞船造成损害，介绍了太空垃圾的危害；D项表示，而且，那些太空垃圾可能会相互撞在一起，撞碎。当它们的碎片落回地球时，会很危险，这是太空垃圾的另一危害。故选D。5F设空处前面主要描述了太空垃圾的潜在危害；设空处后面介绍了清理它们的方法；F项表示，为了避免这种情况的发生，科学家们已经想出一些方法来清理那些太空垃圾，承上启下。故选F。.语法填空The Big Bang theory is sciences best explanation of how the universe began

29、.The theory insists that our universe 1._(create) when a tiny and superhot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly.It 2._(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3._ we are familiar.It is said 4._ the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago.The event of the Bi

30、g Bang was space itself expandingperhaps at speeds 5._(great) than light.Since the late 1960s，the Big Bang theory 6._ (be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe.Because 7._(physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates，they are unable 8._(find) theor

31、ies as to what happened after the Big Bang.At the very beginning，our universe may have been an object with nearlyinfinite density，9._ perhaps something else.Our instruments and 10._ (science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.【语篇解读】“大爆炸理论”是解释宇宙起源的最好说法。1was cre

32、ated考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe与create之间是被动关系，且create所表示的动作发生在过去，故填was created。2finally考查副词。设空处作状语修饰cooled和formed，故填finally。3which考查关系代词。此处为由“介词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stars and galaxies(银河系)，因该关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填which。4that考查连接词。It is said that.意为“据说”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。5greater考查形容词比较级。由than可知，此处

33、应用比较级形式，故填greater。6has been考查现在完成时。由Since the late 1960s可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been。7physicists考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填physicists。8to find考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth.意为“没有能力做某事”。9or考查连词。由句意可知，an object with nearlyinfinite density与something else之间是选择关系，故填or。10scientific考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰methods，表示“科学的”，故填scientific。