2021届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习 阅读理解（9）.doc

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1、2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习：阅读理解（9）AMedical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this r

2、elease，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to

3、 liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can b

4、e triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the Uni

5、versity of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to i

6、ts breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a po

7、lymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR li

8、ght, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.63.

9、According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not come onto the m

10、arket up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combinedBIt was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: b

11、lue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently. My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. Im so glad I did. On the road to the harbour we c

12、ould see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape. After all， it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps(脊背) in the distance. On approaching them, we saw it was a mother w

13、hale with her baby. We couldnt believe it there arent any whales along the coast here. The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badly polluted that nothing could survive. The little baby whaleactually as big as our boatwas obviously stuck and cou

14、ld not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves. ”Shes trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, ”my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, push

15、ed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They struggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead

16、them towards the bay channel. Slowly, they let us lead them, some-times rising from the water right beside us to breatheand to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they

17、swam into the distance. In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades later, I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea. 51. The author

18、says “Im so glad I did. ”(in Para. 2)because _. A. he witnessed the whole process of fishingB. he enjoyed the beauty of the calm seaC. he experienced the rescue of the whales D. he spent the weekend with his family52. The harbour survived the storm owing to_. A. the shape of the harbour B. the arms

19、of the bayC. the still water in the channel D. the long coast line53. The mother whale failed to help her baby because_. A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too long B. the whirlpools she had made were not big enough C. she had no other whales around to turn to for helpD. the waves pushed he

20、r baby in the wrong direction 54. what is the theme of the story?A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happinessB. Fishing provides excitement for childrenC. Its necessary to live in harmony with animals D. Its vital to protect the environment C【江苏泗阳中学2014届第一次模拟考试】Dont you just love ice skating e

21、very winter? I am sure, that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used. Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice -skate backwards with the help of these tips. Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic, there s

22、nothing like it. Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time. Stand StraightThe first thing that you need to do is, stand straight. If you feel that you are falling backwards, then just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees. Dont worry; this happens to all

23、. Confidence is What You NeedThe most important step while learning how to skate backwards, is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice. Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slop every single day or just by pushing off from a wall

24、 or something of that sort. But before you do that, make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris （碎片） because otherwise, you could end up in the hospital due to some accident. While going backwards, just get used to the feeling of moving backwards. One of the imp

25、ortant ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance, then scissor （做剪式运动） your skates. Keep practicing this till you are confident about it. Maintain SpeedConfident now? Great! Now the next step is to maintain your speed. While rolling in a straight line with

26、one skate, with the other try sculling （滑浆）, that is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke （滑动）. Now bring the skate which you were using to scull, and then again, repeat the same process. Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the

27、 one with which you are sculling. Now, try the same thing using the other foot. Again keep doing this till you are confident enough. Increase Your Speed NowOnce you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed. Try some of your own tric

28、ks now. Scull with either foot or with both at the same time. Scull and Be AwareWhile you keep one foot straight, keep sculling with the other. You can do that simultaneously （同时，一起） with both feet. Concentrate on what you are doing but dont get so involved that you dont see where you are going. If

29、you are not watching your back, you might just bang against something or someone. 1. According to the text confidence comes from _ .A. constant exercise B. strict coaches C. high speed D. good techniques2. Which is the right order of ice - skating backwards?a. Increasing your speed. b .Being able to

30、 scull with one foot. c. Being about to stand straight. d. Trying some different tricks. A. cadb B. cbda C. cbad D. acbd3. In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express _ .A. one must be brave to learn to ice - skate backwards B. skating and keeping cautious are both important C. its diff

31、icult to concentrate when ice - skating backwardsD. it s a common thing to hit someone when ice - skating backwards4. The purpose of the text is _ . A. to offer some advice on ice - skating backwards B. to introduce the culture of ice-skating backwardsC. to explain advantages of ice - skating backwa

32、rdsD. to compare different ways of ice - skating backwards DMini Book Excerpts(节选)BiographyWhen Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middleaged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to he

33、lp their most famous neighbor.JD.Salinger：A Life by Kenneth Slawenski(Random House, $27)Mystery(疑案小说)“Youre a smart boy. Bennys death was no accident, and youre the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it？”The boy was staring stubbornly at his lap again.A though

34、t suddenly occurred to Annika.“Did youYou recognized the man in the car, didnt you？”The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers.“Maybe，”he said quietly.Red Wolf by Liza Marklund(Atria Books, $25.99)Short StoriesShe wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class: Some women are born stupid

35、, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give, and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they dont want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters wont.Some mothers love so their daughters wont.You Are

36、Free by Danzy Senna(Riverhead Books, $15)HumorDo your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times！s “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars fl

37、ying to Disney World when you can spend less than half of that within a days drive of most cities?Happy：And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle (Ecco, $14.99)56If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by _.AEcco BAtria BooksCRiverhead Books DRandom Hou

38、se57The book Happy: And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for _.Ayoung children BDisney World workersCmiddle school teachers Dparents with young children58Which book describes women with characters of their own?AHappy：And Other Bad ThoughtsBJ.D.Salinger：A LifeCYou Are FreeDRed Wolf59After finishing the

39、 book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that _.Athe boy helped arrest the murdererBBenny died of an accidentCthe murderer got away with the crimeDAnnika carried out the crimeA 【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. B信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be

40、 a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。64. D推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. C信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are e

41、xposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。B 51. 答案：C考点：考查学生的推理能力解析： “Im so glad I did”是个承上启下的句子，为后文做了铺垫。只要读懂后文所讲的内容，简单概括一下，不难得出答案52. 答案：B考点：细节理解解析：从 “it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two

42、big humps(脊背) in the distance. ”可以得出答案53. 答案：D考点：细节理解解析：从 “Shes trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, ” 可以得出答案54. 答案：A考点：考查主旨大意解析：从文章最后一段可以概括出来C 【文章大意】文章介绍了怎样培养向后滑冰，只要遵循步奏，你就会不断进步，最后成为倒滑高手。A 细节里解题。由Now, try the same thing using the other foot. Again keep doing this till you are confident e

43、nough. 可知A正确。C 细节理解题。由全篇文章可知正确的学习倒滑的步奏应选C。B 主旨大意题。此段第一句话讲了溜冰，后面两句话讲了在溜冰的同时要注意看路看人，保持谨慎。所以选B。A 主旨大意题。这是一篇介绍如何倒着溜冰的指导材料，说明文题。文章第一段最后句 Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.即为主旨。D 【要点综述】本文是广告阅读。全文是四本书里面精彩部分的节选，每本书后面都标明了价格，目的是推销这些书。56. D细节理解题。这是针对第一则广告设计的问题。从第一则

44、广告的When Salinger learned that我们知道，如果读者想知道Salinger的生活，就要买Random House出版的这本自传。本题中，题干部分的Salinger是关键。其他广告都没有提到Salinger这个人，因此可以排除。57. D推理判断题。本题是针对第四则广告设计的问题。从Do you like to watch your kids having fun？我们知道，这是写给父母的。再结合里面的Disney World我们更能确定答案。58. C细节理解题。这是针对第三则广告设计的问题。这一部分提出了妇女的性格各异。59. A推理判断题。这是针对第二则广告设计的问题。从文章中的 “Maybe，” he said quietly我们知道，他会帮助抓住杀人犯的。Annika是分析案情的人，不是凶手，故排除D项。从文章中分析，杀人犯不会逍遥法外，他们会把他抓住的，因此排除C；从Bennys death was no accident我们可以排除B。- 6 -