2021_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguage素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册.doc

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1、Unit 1 Science FictionUsing Language. 单句语法填空1. It is much better if payments can be figured out on a weekly(week) basis. 2. He calculated (calculate) his gains and losses of money and the result was a minus. 3. They fetched(fetch) water twice a week from the bottom of the hill where the well was. 4.

2、 Thats a hard truthbut its no excuse for inaction(inactive). 5. There is not a sharp division(divide) between these two activities. 6. I was prevented from going to the concert by urgent(urge) business. 7. Worried about the unfinished homework, Mike got up and paced(pace) up and down the room. 8. Hi

3、s eyes darkened and the crowded flaring streets become blurred (blur) to his eyes. 9. There was a terrible explosion(explode) at the chemical plant. 10. Through that hot summer Martin and Leora laboured (labour), painting. . 用适当的介词或副词填空1. His second book turned out to be a runaway best-seller. 2. Th

4、e sales of cold drinks usually fall away in winter while increase in summer. 3. My judgement is that Chicago is superior to Los Angeles economically. 4. His point of view came into conflict with mine. 5. The equipment is checked on a regular basis. 6. When he grows up, he will take over the company

5、from his father. 7. Not knowing which book is suitable for him, the boy took one at random. 8. I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute. 9. I saw huge buildings rise up, and then disappear like in a dream. 10. A stream marks the division between the two farms.

6、. 完成句子1. I drew a deep breath(深吸一口气) , grasped the rope and slipped down the mountain. 2. This model is technically superior to(超过)its competitors. 3. She is widely regarded as(认为)the current leaders natural successor. 4. It is hard to explain (很难解释) the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travel

7、ling. 5. The car is running at a speed of (以的速度) sixty miles an hour. 6. The rocket is travelling at maximum speed(以最大速度). 7. A firework explodes with a sudden loud noise(突然一声巨响). 8. She was chosen for the job on the basis of(根据)her qualifications. 9. When we heard of the story, we had an urge to kn

8、ow(有强烈愿望想知道) the ending of it. 10. You just make a note of (记下来) the topics that are discussed and the result of the discussion. . 阅读理解AFor years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 pe

9、rcent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then. So whats the solution? Robots. Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can

10、 make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.

11、A robots appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse called Actroid F. It is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversatio

12、nal robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said they didnt l

13、ike having it around. ”Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses, though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one indu

14、stry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本几款可以充当某些看护工作的“机器人护士”, 但也指出机器人不会取代护士, 他们是合作而非替代关系。1. What does the author say about Japan? A. It ranks top in future robotics technology. B. It takes the lead in offering robotic nursing. C

15、. It is in desperate need of registered nurses. D. It provides the best medication for the elderly. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据二三段的So whats the solution? Robots. Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. (那么解决方案是什么呢? 机器人。在这一趋势方面, 日本走在了前面)可知, 日本在提供机器人护理方面是领先的。故选B。2. Which of the following best exp

16、lains “implemented” underlined in Paragraph 3? A. Cancelled. B. Constructed. C. Improved. D. Applied. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段的第二、三句可知, 丰桥科技大学开发了机器人医疗推车Terapio, 它可以在医院巡视、运送药物和其他物品。它跟着特定的人, 例如医生或者护士, 他们可以使用它来记录以及使用病人的数据。再结合画线词所在的句子, 可推测, 画线词的意思是“应用的”, 因为上文所提到的内容, 就是它在医院的应用情况。故选D。3. What do we know about th

17、e robot Actroid F? A. It has no difference from a human nurse. B. It gets favorable remarks from all the patients. C. It interacts with patients like a human companion. D. It uses body language even more effectively than words. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第三句可知, 这个可以交流的机器人同伴眼睛里有照相机, 这使得它可以跟踪病人, 并用适当的面部表情和肢

18、体语言进行互动, Actroid F最大的特点是它可以像人类同伴一样和病人进行互动。故选C。4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Cooperation will not be replaced. B. Nurses will still play their roles. C. The robotics industry will be promising. D. Robots can meet patients immediate needs. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句可知, 机器人护士不会决定治疗的过

19、程或者做出诊断; 再结合最后一句, This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement. 可推测, 护士会继续履行自己的工作, 因为机器人护士和人类是合作关系, 也不会决定治疗过程或做出诊断, 故选B。BWhether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Socia

20、l robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo. While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots wil

21、l be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user. The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different

22、tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the h

23、ome. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the cu

24、stomers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other soci

25、al robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us, ” said Breazeal. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。5. How are social robots different from household robots? A. They can control the

26、ir emotions. B. They are more like humans. C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的. . . social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. 以及 For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. 可知, 社会

27、机器人更像人, 比如这些机器人能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选B。6. What can the Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3? A. Communicate with you and perform operations. B. Answer your questions and make requests. C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk. D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段Yo

28、u can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. 和It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. 可知, 这个机器人可以听你的指令, 提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选D。7. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will . A

29、. train employeesB. be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出, 社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。8. What does the passage mainly present? A. A new design idea of household

30、robots. B. Marketing strategies for social robots. C. Information on household robots. D. An introduction to social robots. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选D。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Are you an angry bird? When youre angry, your body becomes tense. 1 Here are some

31、other simple tricks to chill(放松) and think before you act. Understand your angerThink like a detective and track down clues about the kinds of situations, people, and events that set off your anger. 2 Even if you cant get away from them, at least youll have more time to prepare for them so they dont

32、 affect you so negatively. You can also think of the situation as an opportunity to practice not getting mad. Go for a walkWhen you get really angry, walk away from the source. A 5-minute walk outside or another calming activity like yoga are both great strategies for dealing with anger. If your ang

33、er arises from the traffic jam youre stuck in, turn up the radio and sing at the top of your lungs. 3Write letters4 So if youre trying to calm down fast, grab your journal and write it all out. You can simply write your own feelings or try writing a letter to the person who upsets you. You never hav

34、e to send it and just writing it will help you feel better. Talk about your angerIts not just writing that helps relieve anger. 5 The trick is not to unload your anger on the person making you upset but to release your pressure by talking with a neutral (中立的) friend, family member, or specialist. A

35、neutral observer can bring reasonable judgment to the situation. You can even try talking out loud to yourself about it. Now that youve learned how to keep your anger in check, try some of these little changes that will make you a happier person. A. Expressing it orally can also be incredibly calmin

36、g. B. Once youre aware of them, try to avoid them as possible. C. Writing out your feelings really does help you feel better. D. The idea is to create a mental or physical escape from the situation. E. Losing your temper makes you look like the bad guy to everyone else. F. Deep breathing is just one

37、 of the ways you can instantly turn a bad mood around. G. Exercise can help people lower their levels of anger and other negative emotions. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种控制愤怒的建议, 建议人们试着做一些能让自己更快乐的小改变。1. 【解析】选F。根据上文When youre angry, your body becomes tense. 可知当你生气时, 你的身体会变得紧张。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明人生气时, 会发出的一些动作, 例

38、如深呼吸等。故F选项“深呼吸只是你能立刻扭转坏情绪的方法之一”符合上下文语境, 故选F。2. 【解析】选B。根据上一句像侦探一样思考, 找出引起你愤怒的各种情况、人物和事件的线索。以及空后的句子即使你无法摆脱它们, 至少你会有更多的时间来准备它们, 这样它们就不会对你产生负面影响。可知, 本句承接上文说明, 找到这些引起你愤怒的各种情况、人物和事件的线索之后, 应当尽可能避免它们。故B选项“一旦你意识到它们, 尽可能避免它们”符合上下文语境, 故选B。3. 【解析】选D。由空前句子可知当你真的生气的时候, 远离源头。5分钟的户外散步或其他像瑜伽一样的平静活动都是处理愤怒情绪的好方法。如果你的愤

39、怒是由于你被困在交通堵塞中, 打开收音机, 大声唱歌。由此可知, 本段说明的是离开让你生气的源头, 转移注意力, 创造一个精神或身体上的逃避情况。故选D。4. 【解析】选C。根据空后的句子可知, 如果你想快速平静下来, 拿起你的日记, 把它全部写下来。你可以简单地写下你自己的感受, 或者试着写一封信给让你心烦意乱的人。你不必发送它, 只是写它会让你感觉更好。由此可知, 本段说明的是生气时, 写下你的感觉, 会让你感觉更好。故选C。5. 【解析】选A。根据本段小标题Talk about your anger(谈论你的愤怒)以及空后的句子可知, 诀窍不是把你的愤怒发泄在让你难过的人身上, 而是通过

40、和一个中立的朋友、家人或专家交谈来释放你的压力。一个中立的观察者可以对情况做出合理的判断。你甚至可以试着大声对自己说。由此可知, 本段主要说明的是用口头表达的方式来缓解愤怒, 让自己平静下来。故选A。主题活动迁移应用. 语用功能表达表示时间顺序的语篇标记词1. First of all, we should make primary education universal. 首先我们应普及初等教育。2. We pick up a can first, and then use a can opener on it. 我们先拿起一个罐头, 然后用开罐器来开罐头。3. His accent at

41、once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻显示出他是一个外国人的事实。4. A large crowd held a meeting round the restaurant the following day. 第二天就有一大群人在那个餐馆周围举行集会。表达作者组织语篇方式的语篇标记词1. Video may also prove useful in situations where note taking is difficult, such as in a moving car. 在一些不适合做笔记的场合, 例如行驶的车中

42、, 摄像也有用武之地。2. Ill see you in a weeks time that is to say, next Monday. 我们见面时间安排在一星期后, 也就是说下星期一。3. Thats quite true, but on the other hand, we have to think of our interests. 那很对, 但另一方面, 我们必须考虑我们的利益。4. In conclusion, we are now in face of a new world, where the idea of science itself is changing. 总之,

43、 我们正面对一个新世界, 在新世界中, 科学自身的概念也在发生变化。5. We cant act on your advice. Nevertheless, thank you for giving it. 我们不能照你的建议去办。不过承蒙您提出来, 十分感谢。暗示作者对于某事件的态度和观点的语篇标记词1. The prize for media winners has been similarly impressive. 至于那些获胜的传播媒介, 所得到的奖励也同样是很可观的。2. In some cases, however, flexibility is absolutely criti

44、cal. 不过在有些情况下, 灵活绝对是至关重要的。3. In order to succeed here you will need to overcome your prejudices. 你需要消除偏见, 才能在这里获得成功. 4. In my opinion, your new coat is not worth so much money. 我认为你的新外套不值这么多钱。. 话题情景交流根据汉语提示, 补全下面对话A: Hey, Yalin! B: Hey! A: You look depressed. What happened? B: Nothing, Id rather (我宁

45、愿)not talk about it. Just dont ask. A: Come on, relax. Talk to me. B: All right. Im feeling very nervous. I just had a test and Im not sure how well or how badly I did. Whats worse(更糟糕的是), because of it, I cant concentrate on preparing the next exam. A: Its no use to worry about it. Better ignore th

46、em. Youve done the test and you cant change any of your answers. B: Thats true(确实如此). I really should go home and prepare for the next test, but Im feeling tired. I dont want to take the test. A: Come on(来吧), to keep you in high spirits, lets go and get a coffee together. That will help you to wake up again! B: Ok. I feel like sitting down and having a chat. How have you been recently? A: Oh, you know me(你了解我的). Im always happy! If I think Im getting into a bad mood, I will call some friends and have a chat. B: Thats a good idea.