2021_2021学年新教材高中英语UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION单元测评卷同步作业含解析新人教版必修第三册.doc

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1、UNIT 4单元测试卷(满分：100分建议用时：90分钟)第一部分单项选择(15分)()1.Dolphins are thought to be _ animals because of their quick ability to learn.AhumourousBintelligentCnervousDhappy()2.He hurried to the railway station, only _the train had left.Ato findBfoundCfindingDhaving found()3.My parents lent me the money. _， I cou

2、ldnt have afforded the trip.AThereforeBBesidesCHoweverDOtherwise()4.The problems _ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.AdiscussedBdiscussingCto discussDto be discussed()5._ manure (肥料) and water, crops wont grow well.ALacksBTo lackCLackingDLacked()6.The _ look on his face showed he had

3、enough confidence in himself.AexcitedBconfusedCdeterminedDembarrassed()7.He studies very hard _ being admitted to a key university three years later.Ain the form ofBin the hope ofCin the absence ofDin the name of()8.One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card _ to the first page.Ato att

4、achBattachingCattachesDattached()9.The six astronauts on _ will spend ten days in space.AboardBbroadCabroadDaboard()10._ be late for the meeting, we must set off as early as possible.AIn order toBIn order not toCSo as toDSo not as to()11.He overslept, which _ his being late for school this morning.A

5、resulted inBresulted fromCas a resultDas a result of()12.Hes always the first one _， and that is the reason why he has made such great progress.AarrivedBto arriveCarrivingDarrives()13.This mornings _ of the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed.AprocedureBorbitCdataDlaunch()14.Conditions are getti

6、ng worse and supplies(给养) are _.Afiguring outBtaking outCrunning outDfinding out()15.Her bravery has given him the will to carry _ with his life and his work.AonBupCinDat【答案】15 BADDC610 CBDAB1115 ABDCA第二部分阅读(30分)第一节阅读理解(20分)AKatherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician at NASA, began working on the

7、space program in the 1950s. Many of NASAs first missions were made possible by her amazing calculations(计算)As a child, she loved to count. Her father placed great importance on education and insisted all four of his children go to college, working overtime to pay for it. Johnson said this atmosphere

8、 was important to her success. “I was always around people who were learning something. I liked to learn.” she said.Johnson graduated from high school at 14 and college at 18.In 1953, Johnson started to work for NASA, doing the math that powered engineers work. Then, because of her outstanding talen

9、t, she was moved to work on rockets with an allmale flight research team. As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projects. In 1961, with the help of Johnsons work, Alan Shepherd became the first American to go into space. Johnson also lent her unbelievable talen

10、t to the success of the Apollo 13, which had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.Johnson retired in 1986, but her huge contribution to the space program has only been reaching the public attention for the past few years. Pa

11、rt of that is because, as she is the first to admit, science is based on collaboration. “I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person，” she said in a 2010 interview.Earlier this year, NASA named a new data center after her. She was also given a Silver Snoo

12、py award, which recognizes “outstanding performance, contributing to flight safety and mission success.”()16.The author explains Johnsons help to NASA by _.Acomparing differencesBproviding examplesCshowing numbersDgiving reasons()17.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean?A

13、Experience.BResearch.CTeamwork.DTalent.()18.What can we infer from the passage about Johnson?AShe travelled to space with the Apollo.BShe lived a rich life when she was young.CShe has been widelyknown since her retirement.DShe used to be the only lady in the research team.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了杰出的数学家凯瑟琳

14、约翰逊为NASA所做的贡献。16B写作方法题。根据第三段中的“As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projectswhich had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.”可知，作者列举了两个例子：1961年，在约翰逊的帮助下，艾伦谢泼德成为第一个进入太空的美国人；约翰逊还为阿波罗13号的成

15、功贡献了她令人难以置信的天赋。通过这两个例子，作者说明了约翰逊为NASA做出了很大的贡献。故选B项。17C词义猜测题。根据后文“ I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person， she said in a 2010 interview.”可知，约翰逊在2010年的一次采访中说：“我从来没有获得过任何荣誉，因为我们一直是一个团队，从来不只是一个人。”可以看出，她很看重团队合作。由此推测她认为科学是建立在团队合作上的，故画线词collaboration意为“合作”。故

16、选C项。18D推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an allmale flight research team.”可知，由于她杰出的才能，她被调到一个全男性飞行研究团队的火箭研究工作。由此可以得出她过去是那个研究团队唯一的女性。故选D项。BFrom now, if all goes well, a hightech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon. There, it will

17、 drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle(地幔样本)to bring back to the earth.But before it leaves, it will have a twopart time capsule(时光胶囊): a public part, full of the Earths history, and a private part, full of digital memory boxes created by individuals. These memory box

18、es can hold digital filesrecords of family trees, videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair. Not everyone can have a digital memory box, though. The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.The project, called Lunar Mission One, has already raised more than ha

19、lf of its 600,000 goal since its launch just a few days ago. The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind.The mission was a technical action, but it was also an emotional one, bringing the excitement of know

20、ing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space.Still, it does seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that wont come true until 2024.What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isnt good enough? What if those digit

21、al memory boxes break on the moons surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford, a professor at Birkbeck College in London and scientific advisor to the mission, says it is not necessary to worry about these. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really abou

22、t physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space.()19.Who can have a digital memory box on the moon?AA person who donated 60 to the project.BA person who has records of family trees.CA person who is in charge of the project.DA person who is int

23、erested in exploring the moon.()20.Why does it seem risky to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box?ABecause the spacecraft wont be sent on time.BBecause the technology isnt good enough.CBecause the project wont come true until 2034.DBecause there are various possibilities in such a long time.()21.W

24、hat can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage?AEverything about the project will be OK.BThe time capsule on the moon is not meaningful.CThe plan to leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific.DThe message of the project is to call peoples more attention to space.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名为“

25、月球一号使命”的太空项目一艘高科技航天器将携带一个由两部分组成的时间胶囊登陆月球南极。19A细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中 “Still, it does seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that wont come true until 2024.”可知，一个人捐赠60便可以在月球上留下一个数字储存

26、盒。故选A项。20D推理判断题。根据第四段中的那些质疑的问题可知，捐赠60去保留数字存储盒有一定的风险，是因为在这么长的时间里会有各种各样的可能性。故选D项。21D推理判断题。根据本文最后一句 “The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really about physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space(把时间胶囊留在月球上的计划并不是真的要在月球上留下什么东西，它更多的是一

27、个机会来鼓励人们对太空的兴趣)”可知，该项目的目的是呼吁人们更多地关注太空。故选D项。CA Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space program, which is also used by the US. t

28、o carry its astronauts to the station.United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about 20 kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometers from the Russias Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through an agreement with th

29、e Republic of Kazakhstan.Both the US. space agency NASA and Russias Roscosmos reported that the two were quickly recovered from the landing area by rescue crews. A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “Thank God，the crew is alive” after they had landed safely.About two minutes after

30、launching, the threestage Soyuz booster rocket(助推火箭)suffered an unspecified(不明确的)failure of its second stage. Russias TASS news agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(

31、降落伞)helped slow the returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.Russias RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put off all manned space launches after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out an investig

32、ation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant information with the US.The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the failed launch will not affect operations.The US. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the

33、retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.In coming years, American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its Starliner, are expected to return to space.()22.What caused the failure of the launch?AThe problem of the engine.BThe terrible weather.CThe drop of the capsul

34、e.DThe wrong operation.()23.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?ASpaceX is sure to go back to space soon.BAmerica carried astronauts to the ISS by itself before 2011.CNow only Russia can carry astronauts to space.Dthe ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station.()24.What can we l

35、earn about the launch?AThe capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia.BRussia had never failed in the space launch before this failure.CThe failed launch will have a serious effect on the operations.DAt first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earths atmosphere.()25.What can be the best tit

36、le of the text?AThe rescue of two astronautsBThe launch of Russian spacecraftCCooperation between Russia and AmericaDEmergency landing in failed space launch【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻，介绍了运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障紧急降落，所幸无人死亡。22A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thurs

37、day had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”可知，发射失败的原因是发动机点火失败。故选A项。23B推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The US. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.”可知，自从2011年美国航天飞机退役，美国以及其他国家必须依靠俄罗斯火箭运送宇航员到国际

38、空间站，故可以得知，2011年以前，美国利用自己的航天飞机运送宇航员。故选B项。24D推理判断题。根据第四段中 “This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(降落伞) helped slow the returning capsule.”可知，这次失败的发射导致太空舱迅速掉入地球大气层，降落伞减缓了太空舱的降落速度。故选D项。25D标题推测题。本文第一段第一句 “A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Spa

39、ce Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”为主旨句，介绍了运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障而紧急降落，故D项作为标题最符合文意。第二节七选五(10分)Gardening 380 kilometers above earthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training i

40、n how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea.As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. _26_ Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for

41、a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. _27_ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air the ast

42、ronauts can breathe._28_Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate(循环)the air. Without gravity, roots dont “know” to grow down, leaves dont “know” to grow up, and water doesnt easily tr

43、avel up the roots to the leaves. _29_ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(胶)are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are

44、looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. _30_ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the worlds population now at seven b

45、illion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.AEvery plant grown in space must have several uses.BHowever, there are challenges with growing plants in space.CSuch methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.DThe cost of taking anything into space is a

46、bout $22,000 per kilogram.ESpecialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.FAstronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.GCurrently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍

47、了在离地球380公里的高空，宇航员与植物分享他们的工作和生活空间。26D根据空后句 “Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.”可知，正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的东西都送出去是不现实的。D项(将任何物体送入太空的成本约为每公斤22,000美元)是后句的原因。下文中的this指代该项中的“The cost”。27F根据本段段首句 “Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.”可知，植物在空间旅行中有许多作用。空前句 “They can provide more fresh things(他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西)”和空后句 “Also, pla