2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密10定语从句含解析.doc

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1、解密10定语从句序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】定语从句的用法较为复杂，是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。【备考建议】根据高考对定语从句的考察点，复习中应该

2、做好以下几点：1.关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：that, which和where, when的区分；that, which和why的区分等。2. whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时，whose名词名词 of which of which名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引

3、 导的主语从句的区分。 4.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5. “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom， 指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6.一些特殊的先行词

4、。如： 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要 注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。7. 定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，whose引导的定语从句1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代

5、替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。that，which引导的定语从句1that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。2which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。3下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，muc

6、h，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the same .as .；such .as .；so/as .as .（2）the same .as与the same .that的区别：【真题对点析】11【2020江苏卷】.Many lessons are now available onl

7、ine, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。2. 【2018浙江卷】Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how chea

8、p it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。3.【2018天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子

9、，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。4.【2013广东卷】Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.【答案】who【解析】考查相连接代词词的用法，分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，why为定语从句的引导词，表人。句意为：Nick的朋友们碰巧听到了他们的的谈话，他们问为什么父子俩能买到更便宜的盐，却不那么做呢。【对点模拟练】11. Experiments

10、 with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，w

11、here相当于in which。故选B。2 .Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，_sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。【考点精准说】2-关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词：when，why，

12、where(在从句中只作状语)1. 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3.why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why.is that.或The reason that.is that.。4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，sta

13、ge等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。【真题对点析】21. 【2020全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】考查定语从句。句

14、意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。2.【2018江苏】23. Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，

15、故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。3.【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。4. 2015广东卷When harvest came around, he was already selling

16、 herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。5.【2015北京】24.Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_you can hear some lovely music.A. which B.that C.when D.where【答案】D【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。

17、先行词是St. Pauls Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。【对点模拟练】21. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家

18、犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which。故选B。2When did you return last Friday?It was not until midnight _ it was raining hard.AwhenBwhichCthatDbefore【答案】A【解析】考查连词。句意: -上星期五你什么时候回来的？-直到半夜下起大雨时才回来。分析句子可知，midnight为先行词，在后面定语从句作时间状语，所以关

19、系冠词副词为when。故A选项正确。3The teacher often gives his students a brief pause in class _ they can take in what he has taught.AwhyBwhenCwhoDwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个老师经常在课堂上给学生一个短暂暂停的时间，在这段时间里学生们可以吸收他所讲的内容。前句的先行词是pause间歇，从句主谓宾成分齐全，缺少时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故B选项正确。【考点精准说】3-“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导定语从句常见的几种结构：（1）介词

20、关系代词（2）名词/代词/数词介词关系代词（3）形容词最高级介词关系代词（4）介词关系代词名词介词关系代词结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词 与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。2. 表示整体和部分关系，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。3.有时介词where可以引导定语从句，此时要和介词which引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。1. whos

21、e的用法whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。 在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose名词the名词 ofwhich”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of w

22、hich/whom, 不用 whose。【真题对点析】31.【2016江苏】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。【对点模拟练】31.

23、This is the building _ the windows have been painted green.AwhoseBthatCwhichDof which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是窗户被漆成绿色的那幢大楼。此处building作先行词，指物，介词后面，指物用which引导定语从句，该句中of是介词，故选D项。2.He has many books, are written in English. Amost of themBmost of whomCmost of whichDmost of those【答案】 C 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：他有许多书

24、，大部分是用英语写的。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词book，且做介词of的宾语，指物应用关系代词which。故选C。3.The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop_ he bought the dictionary. Aon whichBto whichCin whichDfor which【答案】 C 【解析】句意：这个教授经常花一整天的时间在他买字典的那个书店。这是一个定语从句，先行词为the bookshop，在从句中作地点状语，并且表达“在书店”应在the bookstore 前加介词in。从句部

25、分完整的表述为he bought the dictionary in the bookshop.故选C。4I was surprised that he didnt like the way _ I solved the problem. Ain whichBwhichCon whichDas【答案】 A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我很惊讶，他不喜欢我解决问题的方法。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the way，且当“way”表示“方式、方法”，the way在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。故选A。Part 3强化集训【真题模

26、测】一单句语法填空2. 【2020全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2,.（2019新课标II卷语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet

27、 shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.3.（2017新课标卷I语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.4. （2017新课标卷III语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well

28、as beauty.5.（2016全国新课标卷I语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted） (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 6.（2020新课标II卷 短文改错）Thank you for your letter,

29、 what really made me happy.答案1.where考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。2.where【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。3. which【答案解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good

30、for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。4. who【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 64 has taken part in shows along with top models是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。5.when【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when。6.what which 【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词 是 your letter，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处应用指物的 which

31、。 二单项选择1（2020江苏高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.AwhoseBwhichCwhenDwhom2（2020天津高考真题）Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.AwhoseBof whomCof whichDwhich3（2020天津高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the earl

32、y 1990 s, _he gave it to his grandson.AwhichBwhenCwhereDwho4（2019江苏高考真题）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.AwhichBwhatCwhenDthat5（2019天津高考真题）Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.AwhyBwhereCwhichDwhat6（2019天津高考真题）The c

33、ourse normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad.AwhoBof whichCwhenDof whom7（2018天津高考真题）（2018天津）Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.AwhomBthatCwhoseDher8（2018北京高考真题）（2018北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _ h

34、elps them keep fit.AwhichBwhoCasDthat9（2017天津高考真题）My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.AthatBwhoseChisDwho10（2007重庆高考真题）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_they can be controlled on purpose.Awith whichBto whichCof whichDfor

35、which11（2015陕西高考真题）（2015天津）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.AwhichBwhereCwhomDwhen12（2015福建高考真题）China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.Awh

36、oBwhomCthatDwhich13（2015湖南高考真题）It is a truly delightful place, _looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.AasBwhereCthatDwhich14（2014四川高考真题）By now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.AthatBwhichCwhoDit15（2014

37、湖南高考真题）I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.AasBwhyCwhenDwhere16（2014安徽高考真题）The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008AWhenBwhereCwhyDwhich17（2015北京高考真题）Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely musi

38、c.AwhichBthatCwhenDwhere18（2013全国高考真题）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.AwhatBwhenCwhereDwhich19（2014天津高考真题）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.Aall of whichBeach of whichCall of themDeach of them20（2016北京高考真题）I live next

39、door to a couple _children often make a lot of noise.AwhoseBwhyCwhereDwhich【答案】1B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。2A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr

40、. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。3B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是theearly 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。4C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。5B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say indiv

41、idual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。6D【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句_up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。7C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时

42、候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。8A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分

43、，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。9B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词作定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词作定语，意为“的”。故选B。【点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as, who在句中作主语，宾语，表语；whose作定语；where, why,

44、 when在句中作地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。10B【解析】考查定语从句。人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于它们能被有意控制的程度。to which引导定语从句；which指代先行词animals,表示“对它们来说”；with which 意为“和在一起”；of which 意为“其中”；for which 意为“为了”，故选B。11D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，故选D。12D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国.根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。故选D。考点：考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when