2021届高考英语二轮复习题型突击专题08阅读理解之科技发展类含解析.doc

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1、专题08 科技发展类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】“科技发展”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。这些文章和题目不仅能让考生体会到科学的无限趣味和实际功用，而且促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用。 【技巧

2、点拨】科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景则交代研究的起因或者问题现状。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。另外，谙熟选项设置规律，对

3、比原文去伪存真。掌握选项设置的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。【读相关词】1. accessible adj.易接近的；可得到的2. automatic adj. 自动的3. breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破4. digital adj. 数字的；数码的5. privilege n. 特权；特殊待遇6. procedure n. 程序；手续7. revolution n. 革命8. drawback n. 缺点；不利条件9. transform v.

4、 改造；改革；变换；改变10. laptop n. 笔记本电脑11. system n. 系统；体系12. monitor n. 监视器；显示屏13. data n. 数据，资料14. download n& vt. 下载15. astronaut n. 宇航员16. astronomer n. 天文学家17. atmosphere n. 大气，大气层18. astronomy n. 天文学19. discovery n发现20. experiment n. 实验21. technology n. 科技22. advanced adj. 高级的23. .high-tech adj 高科技的24

5、. systematic adj. 有系统的,有计划有步骤的25. indicate v. 表明26. represent v. 正式 描绘,展现27. mobile payment 移动支付28. Electronic Toll Collection 全自动电子收费29. RFID:radio frequency identification devices 无线电射频标识、电子标签30. sensor network 由传感器组成的传感网31. cloud computing 云计算32. readout 数字读出33. transplant n.& vt. 移植34. .cyberspa

6、ce n. 网络空间35. WeChat n. 微信36. manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船37. artificial intelligence 人工智能38. be equipped with 装备，配备39. on a large scale 大规模地40. potential adj.潜在的；可能的41. artificial adj.人工的；人造的42. have an impact/effect on对有影响43. be available to 供使用44. put forward 提出45. be suitable for 适合46. to a

7、certain degree 在某种程度上47. surf the Internet 上网浏览信息48. have access to/be accessible to 能使用49. with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展50. chat online 在线聊天51. make efriends 交网友52. keep in touch with 与保持联系53. make a great difference 起很大作用54. change ones life 改变某人的生活55. benefit from . 得益于，从获

8、益56. relate to/be linked to 与有关联57. take the place of 代替58. devote oneself to 致力于59. come true 实现60. keep/catch up with 赶上61. be different from/differ from 与不同62. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事63. take sth. into consideration 把某事考虑进去64. lead to/contribute to/result in/bring about 导致65. play an import

9、ant role in 在某方面起重要作用66. improve the quality of life for humans提高人们的生活质量67. be addicted to 对上瘾68. distract ones attention 分散某人的注意力69. electric books 电子读物70. text message 手机短信 Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020天津】For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making

10、noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine

11、that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer cant let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces

12、 a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Lets say you are at the airpor

13、t, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silen

14、ce Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that a

15、llows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new

16、 way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.46What could be inferred

17、from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?AIt causes temporary hearing loss.BIt slows down a running man.CIt makes it easy to identify a suspect.DIt keeps the suspect from hurting others.47The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to _.Asilence the people around youBremove the sound of

18、commercialsCblock the incoming sound wavesDstop unwanted sound from affecting you48What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?AThey travel in circles.BThey clear the atmosphere.CThey can be transformed into energy.DThey can be directed onto a specific area.49Directed sound can be used for _.Acr

19、eative designs of restaurant menusBideal sound effects on the theater stageCdifferent choices of music for businessesDstrict control over any suspicious customer50What does the passage focus on?AHow professionals invented sound products.BInventions in the field of sound technology.CThe growing inter

20、est in the study of sound.DHow sound engineers work in their studios.【答案】46A47D48D49C50B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。46推理判断题。根据第二段中的”It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like

21、a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A。47细节理解题。根据第三段中的”Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing wa

22、ves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备。故选D。48细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage;

23、similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选D。49细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly,”spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted a

24、rea. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choice on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一

25、个部分；类似地，一个”spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C。50主旨大意题。根据第一段中的”In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and expe

26、rience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B。【强重难词】1. definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地2. professional adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的3. phenomenon

27、n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才4. chase vt. 追逐；追捕vi. 追逐；追赶；奔跑5. suspect_v. 怀疑；猜想n. 嫌疑犯6. deafen vt. 使聋；淹没7. temporarily adv. 临时地，临时8. commercial adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的9. analyze vt. 对进行分析，分解（等于analyse10. in other fields 在其他领域11. let get away 让离开12. pull out 离开，撤离；拔出；渡过难关；恢复健康；折叠的大张插页；飞机进场重新飞起13. switch on 接通，开启14. drop

28、 to the ground. 倒在地上;卧倒15. go crazy 发疯；疯狂【析长难句】1. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call so

29、und.【解析】本句包含由but连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句为简单句；第二个分句为一个复杂的主从复合句。第二个分句使用了sharewith这一固定结构，动词不定式短语to create new products做目的状语，过去分词短语based on the phenomenon做定语，定语从句we call sound修饰the phenomenon.【译文】在过去，声音工程师在录音室的密室里工作，但今天的许多声音专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们称之为声音现象的基础上创造新产品。【仿写】_2.Directed sound is a new technology

30、that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. 【解析】本句中的that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater.是定语从句，修饰a new technology。 【译文】定向声音是一项新技术，它可以让公司像在剧院使用聚光灯一样使用声音。【仿写】_3. Restaurants can offer a choi

31、ce of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. 【解析】allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining是现在分词短语做结果状语。 【译文】餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制他们用餐的氛围。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2019全国

32、卷1】 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a

33、low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and th

34、e time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of

35、technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize

36、different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1Why do the researchers dev

37、elop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of e-space protection.2What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTypi

38、ng patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.3What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environment-friendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.4Where is this text most likely from?AA diaryBA guidebookC

39、A novel.DA magazine【答案】1-4 DCBD文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。1D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these techn

40、ologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，expensive与lowcost是反义词，cut the cost与lowcost相呼应。2C解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peo

41、ples identities.”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。3B解析：细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。4D解析

42、：文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。【强重难词】1 identity n. 身份；同一性，一致；特性2 theft n. 盗窃；偷；赃物3 fingerprint n. 指纹；手印4 precisely adv. 精确地；恰恰5 layer n. 层，层次；膜；植压条；放置者，计划者6 se

43、curityn. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品7 analyze vt. 对进行分析，分解（等于analyse） 8 unique adj. 独特的，稀罕的；数 唯一的，独一无二的9 participant n. 参与者，参加者_10 straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的 11 commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化12 be unique to . 对.来说是独特的13 by extension相关地；引申开来14 give access to . 接见；进入 【析长难句】1. As data and identity theft become

44、s more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. 【解析】本句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句；不定式短语to keep others out of private e-spaces.做目的状语。【译文】随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,为了阻止他人进入私人的电子空间，像指纹扫描这种生物测量技术的市场正在兴起。【仿写】_2. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identit