2021届高考英语二轮复习题型突击专题05阅读理解之生态环保类含解析.doc

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1、专题05 生态环保类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。【技巧点拨】1. 运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。在阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾

2、句，分析原文的文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。如果文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。2.利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。 在阅读解题时，第一步可以浏览全文，掌握中心大意。第二步可以根据题干要求，用查读法（scanning）再快速定位到相关段落。第三步可以重点搜索段内的标志

3、词，利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如数据、例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。【读相关词】1. haze n. 雾霾2. conservation n. 保护3. recycle v回收；循环利用4. ecological balance 生态平衡5. make proper use of合理利用6. keep the balance of 保持的平衡7. attach great importance to十分重视8. bring . un

4、der control把控制住9. be/become aware of 意识到10. take the responsibility for/be responsible for 对负责任11. mist n. 薄雾12. shortage n. 缺乏13. damage n& vt. 毁坏，破坏14. destroy vt. 摧毁，破坏15. ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭n. (复)废墟；遗迹16. disappear vi. 消失17. threaten vt. 威胁18. be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中19. rebuild ones home 重建某

5、人的家园20. extinct adj. 灭绝的21. preserve vt. 保护22. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者23. damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地24. endangered species濒危物种25. die out 灭绝26. natural reserve 自然保护区27. protect wildlife 保护野生动物28. cut down 砍倒29. raise the awareness of 唤醒的意识30. live in harmony with 与和谐相处31. pollute vt. 污染32. waste n. 废料

6、33. rubbish n. 垃圾；废物34. litter n. 垃圾35. garbage n. 垃圾36. greenhouse effect 温室效应37. environmentallyfriendly adj. 环保的38. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡39. preserve vt. 保护，保留，保存40. limited natural resources 有限的自然资源41. alternative energy 替代能源42. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处43. live a low-carbon life 过低碳生活44. p

7、revent .from . 阻止做45. raise ones environmental awareness 提高某人的环保意识46. save and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜我们的资源47. take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事48. call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020全国新课标II】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the

8、 environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different sty

9、les. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the

10、fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种).Its destroying the environment. Its them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur

11、 trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt abo

12、ut it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think thats going t

13、o be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28What is th

14、e purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?ATo promote guilt-free fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a new brand.DTo celebrate a winter holiday.29Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutria are an endangered species.CNutria hu

15、rt local cat-sized animals.DNutria are illegally hunted.30What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?ABoomed.BBecame mature.CRemained stable.DCrashed.31What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal.BIts risky.CIts harmful.DIts traditional

16、.【答案】28A29A30D31B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless yo

17、u understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Loui

18、siana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，

19、毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I thin

20、k thats going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。【强重难词】1. environmentalist n. 环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家2. ecologists n. 生态学家（ecologist的复数3. enthusiast n. 爱好者，热心家；热烈支持者；狂热者4. ecosystem n. 生态系统5. collapse_ v. （突然）倒塌；（尤指

21、因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作劳累后）坐下；崩溃；（货币）贬值；折叠6. multiply vt. 乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘7. morally adv. 道德上；有道德地；确实地8. bring back拿回来；使恢复；使回忆起来9. a massive thing大量的事情10. non-native species非本土物种11. cross your mind萦绕在你的心头【析长难句】1. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroyin

22、g vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to talk about guilt-free fur；unless引导的是条件状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句，做understand的宾语。【译文】“如果你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，那么谈论无罪感皮毛听起来都很疯狂。“”项目总监克里麦克里说。【仿写】_2. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned

23、that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. 【解析】句中含有一个sothat引导的结果状语从句，be concerned that是对担心.【译文】路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心，他们决定付给猎人一条尾巴5美元。【仿写】_3. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.【解析】句中says 后面含有一个以it为形式主语 its not easy to convince people that nutria

24、fur is green,以that nutria fur is green引导的真正主语的状语从句。后面又有一个but 连接的并列句he has no doubt about it. 【译文】他说，让人们相信海狸鼠是绿色的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020全国新课标I】The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study

25、 conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a

26、step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about

27、 how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create

28、a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the

29、 technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Sin

30、ce lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32What is the first paragraph mainly about?A

31、A new study of different plants.BA big fall in crime rates.CEmployees from various workplaces.DBenefits from green plants.33What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?ATo detect plants lack of waterBTo change compositions of plantsCTo make the life of plants longer.D

32、To test chemicals in plants.34What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?AThey will speed up energy production.BThey may transmit electricity to the home.CThey might help reduce energy consumption.DThey could take the place of power plants.35Which of the following can be the best title f

33、or the text?ACan we grow more glowing plants?BHow do we live with glowing plants?CCould glowing plants replace lamps?DHow are glowing plants made pollution-free?【答案】32D33A34C35C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32主旨大意题。根据第一段

34、中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作

35、效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。33细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A

36、。34细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。35主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as

37、 the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工

38、程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。【强重难词】1. productive adj.富有成效的2. conduct v. 组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热或电）3. spray n. 喷雾，喷雾剂；喷雾器；水沫；4. transmission n. 传动装置，机 变速器；传递；传送；播送5. diverse adj. 不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的6. create vt. 创造，创作；造

39、成7. be decorated with .由装饰8. take . a step further把进一步9. a faint light微弱的光线10. a version of的一个版本11. positive effects_积极影响【析长难句】 1. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.【解析】when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants

40、是时间状语从句，其中的be decorated with是用装饰。【译文】在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，他们的工作效率提高了15%【仿写】_2. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 【解析】these是句子的主语，include是谓语，plants和a plant并列做include的宾语。

41、第一个that引导的定语从句修饰plant；when theyre short of water是宾语从句，做show的宾语。第二个that引导的定语从句修饰a plant。【译文】其中包括一种植物，它们的叶子上印有传感器，可以显示它们是否缺水，还有一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。【仿写】_3. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.【解析】本句是个主从复合句。Where引导的定语从句修饰an on an

42、d offswitch；when exposed to daylight是省略了主语和be的时间状语从句。【译文】工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当光线暴露在日光下时，这种开关就会减弱。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2019浙江卷】 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of tre

43、es larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, th

44、e number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing