2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定含解析.doc

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1、典型技巧08 观点态度推理与确定【考情角度】考情分析这类试题常出现在环境保护类说明文中，此类文章往往是现象类说明文，这样的说明文主题句常位于首段首句。在阅读文章时应先确定说明文的顺序和方法，再浏览题干，结合题干要求在文中寻找答题线索，确定答案。考查角度常考查主旨大意题、观点态度题或写作意图题。【真题再现】(2018全国卷D)主题语境：环境保护We may think were a culture that gets rid of our technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows

2、 that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colle

3、agues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has since the early 1990s. Devices were by generation. Desk

4、top computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “Th

5、e livingroom television is replaced and gets in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. Acco

6、rding to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution (解决方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researc

7、hers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy co

8、nsumption by 44%.1.What does the author ？A. They are environmentfriendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2.Why did ？A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D.

9、 To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The boxset TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle

10、 them.答案与解析：1.A2.D3.B4.A1.第一段最后一句提出旧设备比新设备更消耗能力，由此可知正确选项。2.第二段第一句就点出了该团队的研究目的。3.根据文章主旨(新设备消耗能源少)，结合尾段最后一句可知正确答案。4.根据主旨“新电子设备比旧电子设备环保”，结合最后一段的解决方案，即可得出答案。【技巧释义】分析措辞确定观点态度速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象as引导的从句是主题句，说明旧设备要比新设备更消耗能量。(可解第1题)速读全文查找说明顺序和方法本文以提出现象分析现象提出解决办法的顺序呈现。第2段说明研究人员的研究目的和对电子产品的时代分类(可解第2题)第3段说明研究人员对新旧

11、电子产品耗能和温室气体排放的分析(可解第3题)提出解决方法研究人员对利用新设备耗能的探索结果(可解第4题)微技能观点态度题定位相关表感情色彩的词语和句子，推断作者观点和态度【词汇积累】evolve vi.&vt.逐步形成；逐渐演变household n.家庭consumption n.消耗；消费outdated adj.过时的group vt.将分类plant vt.稳固地放置monitor n.显示器，监测仪track vt.追踪；记录double vi.加倍【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1Modeste Traore has lived his whole life near Lake

12、 Wegnia, in the Sahel area of Mali. The lakes fish have provided him with a way to earn money to support his extended family. How-ever, because he cant catch enough fish to feed his family, he now raises farm animals. But as temperatures rise, evaporation increases, making the body of water shrinks.

13、 Studies have linked rising temperatures on Earths surface to climate change.The lake is shrinking, so are the chances of his children becoming fishermen. “If things go on like this, I dont think our children can become fishermen like us. They will have to choose other jobs,” the 56-year-old Traore

14、said. “During the rainy season, there is a lot of water but as soon as its over, there is no water left in the lake. We are fishermen. I dont think our children will be,” he said.Lake Wegnia is in the Sahel region of Koulikoro, around 120 kilometers north of Malis capital, Bamako. Some 12,000 people

15、, including fishermen and farmers, depend on it for food, water and employment. But the lake has shrunk by 20 percent since 2017.The UN expects temperatures there to increase 1.5 times higher than the average increase worldwide. UN officials note that the flooding and a severe lack of rainfall can c

16、ause problems in the Sahel: Food insecurity, the fight over farmland and the fast population growth can lead to conflict.Aid group is leading the Eco-Lac Wegnia project. The group is working to improve water management and fight the effects of global warming. Moussa Savagodo is Eco-Lac Wegnias local

17、 representative. He says that failing to make changes quickly can mean the lake will disappear completely in less than 5 years.People in the rural areas Wegnia and Kononi-Sirakoro have planted 56,000 trees in the past two years. And they are better controlling their water by building stone barriers

18、to help the soil keep the rain that does fall. The progress and international official support are not enough for them, however. More and more people are turning to other agriculture.1.How did Traore work to support his family in the past?A.By fishing.B.By raising farm animals.C.By taking charge of

19、the lake.D.By working as an environmentalist.2.What effect will the current trend of the lake have according to Traore?A.A lot of farmland will form.B.The rainy season will end early.C.Many fishermen will flee their homes.D.The later generation will change their careers.3.Which statement do the UN a

20、nd Aid group agree with?A.Drought and flood will directly cause conflict.B.Reducing population is a way to protect the lake.C.Water management makes no difference to the lake.D.The rise in temperature will cause water resource problems.4.What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph ref

21、er to?A.The local officials.B.The Aid group members.C.The villagers.D.The representatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】本文是说明文。马里不断缩小的湖泊意味着渔民家庭的末日。随着气温升高和蒸发的增加，水体萎缩导致湖泊逐渐缩小，渔民的孩子成为渔民的机会也在减少。1.细节理解题。根据第一段 “The lakes fish have provided him with a way to earn money to support his extended family. How-ever, becau

22、se he cant catch enough fish to feed his family, he now raises farm animals.”（湖中的鱼为他提供了赚钱养家的途径。然而，由于他捕不到足够的鱼来养活家人，他现在饲养农场动物。）可知，在过去，Traore靠捕鱼养家。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中 “ If things go on like this, I dont think our children can become fishermen like us. They will have to choose other jobs, he 56-year-old

23、Traore said.”（“如果这样下去，我想我们的孩子可能成为不了我们这样的渔民了。他们将不得不选择其他工作，”56岁的特拉奥雷说。）可知，下一代人将会选择其他的职业。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第四段 “UN officials note that the flooding and a severe lack of rainfall can cause problems in the Sahel: Food insecurity, the fight over farmland and the fast population growth can lead to conflict.”（联

24、合国官员指出，洪水和严重缺雨会给萨赫勒地区带来问题：粮食不安全、农田争夺和人口快速增长都可能导致冲突。）可知，可知温度上升会导致水资源的问题。故选D。4.词句猜测题。根据上文“People in the rural areas Wegnia and Kononi-Sirakoro have planted 56,000 trees in the past two years.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro农村地区的人们在过去两年里种植了56000棵树。）以及下文“More and more people are turning to other agriculture.”（

25、 越来越多的人转向其他农业。）可知这里指的是这些村民通过建造石头屏障来使土壤保持雨水，从而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故选C。2Boredom is something to experience. If kids dont figure this out early on, theyre in for an unpleasant surprise. School, lets face it, can be dull and it isnt actually the teachers job to entertain as well as educate. -In a much-r

26、ead story, The Relentlessness of Modem Parenting, Claire Cain Miller referred to a recent study that found regardless of class, income or race, parents believed that children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their

27、task and draw with their children if asked.Parents preparing for a long car ride are like army officers planning a complex land maneuver（(演 习)）with the help of games and movies played on iPad and smartphones. What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! They let them breathe in ga

28、s fumes. And since it wasnt actually for wearing, play with the broken safety belt. If you complained about being bored back then, you were really asking for it. Clean your room, you might get. Was this fun? No. Was it helpful? Yes.Because things happen when youre bored. Some of the most boring jobs

29、 Ive had were also the most creative. While checking out food at the supermarket, I invented stories about peoples purchases. The man buying eggplant and a six-pack of beer at 9 p.m.: Which was the must-get thing and which the impulse purchase? How did my former fifth-grade teacher feel about my obs

30、erving her weekly purchase of cookies?The ability to handle boredom, not surprisingly, is associated with the ability to focus. Research has shown that people with attention disorders are particularly poor in handling boredom.Its especially important that kids get bored and be allowed to stay bored

31、when they be young. It shouldnt be considered a problem to be avoided or removed by the higher-ups, but instead something kids handle on their own. Weve stopped training children to do this. Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing ways to attr

32、act students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future.5.What is the finding of the study mentioned by Claire Cain Miller?A.School kids find it hard to stand boredom.B.People are too busy to draw with their kids.C.Extracurricular activities are gain

33、ing popularity.D.Parents are trying their best to make their kids have fun.6.What did parents in the 1970s usually do when kids were bored on a long car ride?A.They played with them.B.They left them alone.C.They told them about famous movies.D.They asked them to pay attention to safety.7.Why does th

34、e author share her experience at the supermarket?A.To show customers purchasing habits.B.To show what a difficult life she was living.C.To show boredom and jobs go hand in hand.D.To show the link between boredom and creativity.8.What would be the best title for the text?A.Kids have enough funB.Life

35、is a boring journeyC.Let kids get bored againD.Turn boredom into entertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述实验和自身经历说明需要教会孩子们忍受无聊。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their task and draw

36、 with their children if asked”（放学后感到无聊的孩子应该参加课外活动，而忙碌的家长如果被要求，应该停下手中的工作，和孩子一起画画）可知，Claire Cain Miller提及的研究发现父母尽他们最大的努力让他们的孩子有乐趣。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! ”（上世纪70年代，当孩子们无聊时，父母们会做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世纪70年代父母在孩子们无聊时不会管他们。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句第二句“Be

37、cause things happen when youre bored. Some of the most boring jobs Ive had were also the most creative. ”（因为当你无聊的时候，事情就会发生。我所做过的一些最无聊的工作却也是最有创造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的经历的目的是展示无聊和创造力之间的联系。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing

38、ways to attract students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future.”（老师们花更多的时间发明方法来“吸引”学生，而不是教他们去理解那些枯燥无味的材料。但毫无疑问，教会孩子们忍受无聊会让他们为更现实的未来做好准备。）可知，本文的主要意图是提倡教会孩子们忍受无聊。所以短文的最佳标题为“许孩子们感到无聊”。故选C。3U. S. cherries, watermelons and some other summertime favor

39、ites may depend on wild bees more than previously thought.Many farms in the United States use managed honeybees to pollinate (授粉) crops and increase the total amount of crops, sometimes trucking beehives (蜂箱) from farm to farm. Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees

40、 can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.“To me, the big surprise was that we found so many wild bees even in intense production areas whe

41、re much of the produce in the USA is grown, says Rachael Winfree, a pollination ecologist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J.That means threats to wild bees could deplete profits even when farms raise honeybees, the researchers reported on July 29 in Proceedings of the Royal Society. Both

42、honeybees, which arent native to the United States, and wild pollinators such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (杀虫剂).To see what, if anything, wild native bee species contribute, researchers checked bee visits to flowers at 131 commercial farm fields across the United States and part

43、of Canada. On the other hand, the researchers also calculated to what extent the number of bee visits limited production. These intensive farms with plenty of fertilizer, water and other resources often showed signs of reaching a pollinator limit, meaning fields didnt have enough honeybees to get th

44、e maximum production, and volunteer wild bees were adding to the total. Then the team estimated what percentage of the production native bees were adding versus just doing what honeybees would have done anyway.“Wild bees dont seem to help Californias orchards (果园)，but based on orchards in Michigan a

45、nd Pennsylvania, some $ 1. 06 billion of apples depends on native pollinators,” the researchers say. Watermelons, particularly in Florida, get an estimated $146 million benefit, and sweet cherries $ 145 million.9.Why are the wild bees important to the crops according to the text?A.It helps to pollin

46、ate and improve the crops output.B.It is helpful to raise managed honeybees.C.It is helpful to maintain healthy ecosystem.D.It helps to protect native bee species.10.What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Pursue.B.Make.C.Keep.D.Reduce.11.Why did researchers check bee visits to

47、 flowers?A.To work out the number of wild native bees.B.To make it clear why fields dont have enough bees.C.To show how important the managed bees are to intensive farms.D.To figure out what wild native bees benefit farm output.12.What is the purpose of the text?A.To draw peoples attention to farm o

48、utput.B.To discuss why bees can increase the harvest.C.To show wild bees may contribute to the crop harvest.D.To introduce how honey bees and wild bees pollinate crops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the