中考情态动词用法总结ppt课件.ppt

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1、 测试内容出现频率较高的情态动词主要集中在 can， may， must， need 等词的用法上， 重点为以下四点: 1.can ， could 表能力的用法。 2. 常见情态动词的提问和回答， 尤其是 May I ？ No，you mustnt/ cant. Must I ? No, you neednt/ 3. 表示推测的用法， 肯定句中用may （可能）， must （一定）， 否定句中用may not（可能不）， cant（不可能）。注意 cant 与mustnt 的区别。 4. 情态动词的被动语态。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时

2、去那儿。我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。你必须遵守校规。 情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1)接动词原形：接动词原形：Mv+doThe girl can The girl can dancing dancing very well.very well.2) Mv无人称无人称, 数的变化数的变化The girl cans The girl cans dance

3、 dance very well.very well.3)谓语部分谓语部分=Mv+do The girl can very well.The girl can very well.MvMv 情态动词的个数（情态动词的个数（1515） （4组）组） can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would （4对）对） have to, had better, ought to, used to （3个）个） must, need, dare1. can 和和could 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力：意思

4、为“能够” 例： The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话的推测事物的可能性等:意思为“可能” 例： Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许:意思为“可以” 例： Can I sit here? 1. can 和和could 2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去有关的能力或推测: 例：We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. He could speak several languages at

5、 college. B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉: 例：Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?一、 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to co

6、me this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, y

7、ou can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 2. may 和和 might ： 1) may 常用来表示：常用来表示： A. 表示

8、请求、允许; 意思为“可以”，但比can较为正式: 例： May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测: 意思为“也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。 例： -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 2. may 和和might ： 在肯定句中，may 的可能性比can 高，may 表示具体某事的可能性，can 表示理论上的可能性。如：-Do you know why Tom hasnt come

9、 yet? -He may be caught in the traffic jam. Tom is very kind quite often, but he can be hard to deal with sometimes. 在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 例：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？C. 表示祝愿;但语气较正式: 例： May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁

10、止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2You

11、r mother may /might not know the truth. 2) might 的用法有的用法有:1. 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。 例： She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。2. 表示现在的许可, 语气比may 较委婉。 例：She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。 3.对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式 Yes, of course./Yes, certainly./Sure No, you mustnt./No, you cant. 三、 must,

12、have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 he play isnt interesting, I re

13、ally must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3. must和和have to1)must的用法的用法 表示主观的义务和必要, 主要用于肯定句和疑问句, 意思为 “必须，得，要”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to, 否定回答要用neednt或dont

14、 have to, 意思是“不必” ； must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。如： Must I finish the task right now? Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.) You mustnt come here without permission. 对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为： Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.2) have to 的用法的用法1) must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不

15、”。 例： I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。 2) have to 的否定形式是dont have to, 相当于neednt。如：They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。3). must表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情 例：Must you play the piano so late at night? 你非得这么晚弹钢琴吗？4. should 和和ought to1) should, ought

16、 to都可表示“应该”。ought to用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should代替，但比should语气重。 例：I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议或命令时，should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtnt to或ought not to。 例：You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I ope

17、n the window?3) should: 表示惊异，不满，不以为然等情绪，通常译为“竟然” 例：It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(

18、允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) need和和dare need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1) 用作情态动词 -Need I come? -Yes, you must. You neednt telephone him now. She dare not go out alone at night. How dare you say Im unfair? 2) 用作实义动词 We need to tell them the news. We should dare to

19、 give our own opinion. need的用法 （1） need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt ， 意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 neednt 。 如： -Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？ -Yes, you must . 是的。 -No. you neednt . 不， 你不必。 (2) need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化， 后边多接动词不定式。如： I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。

20、 He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。 need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No

21、, you neednt. need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。 在疑问句和否定句中，need后面只能接带to的不定式。 He needs to finish his homework today.He doesnt need to finish his homework today.will和和would：1) Will 用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示 “意志” “决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 I will tell you something important. Will you tell her that Im here? 2) Would 比will

22、客气委婉。 Would you help us, please? 3) would+具体某一动作 表示“总是，过去常常做某事” 例：Ronald would stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. shall1. ，征求对方意见。e.g. Shall we begin our class? Shall he go now?2. 用于提出命令、允诺，或用于法律、规定e.g. You shall get my book on Sunday. He shall leave the house at once. T

23、he sign reads: No person shall smoke here!用于第一、三人称will would1. 用于向第二人称，征求对方意见。e.g. Would you please open the door?2. 表示个人主观意愿。e.g. I will help you anytime.3. used to do would表示“过去常常”；“过去常常，强调现在不了”will would1. 用于向第二人称，征求对方意见。e.g. Would you please open the door?2. 表示个人主观意愿。e.g. I will help you anytime

24、.3. used to do would表示“过去常常”；“过去常常，强调现在不了” 考点三 不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. （1） cant可译为“不会”， 如：I cant play basketball. 我不会打篮球。 （2） 当句子表推测时，用cant 表达不可能， 如： He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom 下棋呢。 （3） cant 还可用来回答“ May I ? ” 这样的问句。 如： May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？ No, you mustnt. / cant. 不，你不能。

25、 （4） cant 还可用于固定习语中。如： She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。 2. may 的否定式为 may not ， 译成“ 可能不”， 如： He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。 3. （1）mustnt 表示不许， 不可。如： He mustnt leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。 You mustnt talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。 (2) mustnt 也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。 如： May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗？ -No, you mustn

26、t(cant). 不，不行。 4. （1） neednt 意为“ 不必” 。 如： You neednt meet him unless youd like to. 你不需要见他， 除非你愿意。 （2） neednt + have+ 动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如： You neednt have bought it. 你没必要买它（但你却买了）。 5. shouldnt 表示不应该。 如： You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。 1.含有情态动词

27、的被动语态的结构为： 情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。易混知识清 知识归 易混点一 can 和 be able to两者表示能力时用法相同， 但 can 只有原形 “can” 和过去式“ could ”两种形式，在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。 另外 be able to 常常指经过努力， 花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。

28、He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成 易混点二 can和may 1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”， 一般可互换使用。如： Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？ 2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别： 1) 在肯定句中用 might， may， must， 不用can 2) 在疑问句中表示推测用 can，不用 might， may，must 3) 在否定句中用cant（不可能）， 不用 may，

29、must。 如： She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。 Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿？ That cant be true. 那不可能是真的。易混点三 may be 和maybe 用法区别 常用位置may be may为情态动词， be为动词原形 句中，作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语He may be wrong , but Im not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。易混点四 cant 和 mustnt1. cant 根据其基本用法可译为：（1） 不会， 如：I can

30、t speak English . 我不会说英语。（2） 不能， 如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了， 我们现在干不了。（3） 不可能， 如：那个人不可能是咱们老师， 他年轻得多。The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.2. mustnt 意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。 如： You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，

31、 太危险了。 易混点五 must 和 have to 1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要， 还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务。 2. have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如： I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害， 我只得半夜里把医生请来。 have to肯定句用 have to / had to /has to + 动词原形 否定句 didnt/ don

32、t / doesnt/+have to +v 疑问Does/ Do /Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 易混点 七 used to do / be used to doing / be used to do used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作， 强调过去，只用于过去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing 意为“习惯做”， be 可有各种时态； be used to do 意为“被使用去做,” 为被动语态形式。如： My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。 She is u

33、sed to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。 He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。 Knives are used to cut things.刀是被用来切东西的。（被动语态）1. I can/ am able to swim.2. I could/ was able to climb a tree when I was a child.3. I will be able to swim next week.4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every

34、one was able to get out. 1. can 表示现在的能力表示现在的能力2. could表示过去的能力表示过去的能力3. be able to 表能力，可用于多种时态表能力，可用于多种时态4. be able to 强调成功地做了某事强调成功地做了某事情态动词表能力情态动词表能力must 表“必须” dont have to neednt do dont need to2. must还可表示“偏偏、偏要”e.g. Must you make so much noise?1. 不必须mustnt 禁止1. You _ buy a gift, but you can if yo

35、u want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to2. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with fire. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent3. - May I smoke here ? - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking area. A. should B. could C. may D. must情态动词表推测情态动词表推测可能性的强弱层次must should/ought to ca

36、n/could may/might高考真题演练must表示推测1. 可能性最强，只能用于肯定句e.g. That must be my pen. 2. must - 很可能 cant - 不可能e.g. That cant be my pen. should / ought to表示推测1. 根据经验的推测，“应当、应该”e.g. You photos should be ready by 12:00.2. 表示“竟然”，带有感情色彩。e.g. It is strange that you should like him.can /could 表示推测1. 常用于否定句或疑问句。e.g. Yo

37、u cant be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!2. can用于肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生e.g. You can hurt yourself if you play in the street.may/ might表示推测1. can not 不可能 may not 可能不 2. may well “极有可能” e.g. Liza may well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.3. may/ might as well “不妨”e.

38、g. You may as well stay for dinner.1. That be Anns husband, for I am sure that he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt 2. - Good morning. I got an appointment with Miss Smith yesterday. - Ah, you _ be Mr. Peter.A. might B. must C. would D. can1. must have done2. can/cant have d

39、one 3. could have done 4. should have done5. neednt have done6. might/may have done情态动词+have done：表示对过去发生的事进行推测高考真题演练一定做了可能/不可能做了本可以做本该做，而没做本不必做，而做了可能做了1. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might2. She _ have l

40、eft school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt情态动词后跟完成式用法 1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“本应该已经”，“想必已经”，“可能已经”，“本来可以”，“本不必”等意。 I should have finished the work earlier. He isnt here. He must have missed the train. Where can (could) he have gone? You may (might) have read about it. You

41、 could (might) have been more careful. He neednt have worried about it. 被动语态被动语态一一. 何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要强调动作的承受者时需要强调动作的承受者时 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. 二、二、 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 一

42、般现在时 is/am/are +done 一般过去时 was/were +done 一般将来时 will+be+done 现在进行时 is/am/are +being done 过去进行时 was/were +being done 现在完成时 have/has +been +done 过去完成时 had +been +done 情态动词的被动语态 can/may/ must +be+ done 三、注意事项：三、注意事项：1短语动词如look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to,

43、make use of等是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv 例：He has never been listened to.2有些动词用主动形式表被动含义. 表示事物的本质属性。如：open, close, shut, read, write, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, weigh 例：The goods sell well. The door wont open easily. 3. 有些词如want, need, require和 be worth后面v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。 例：The room needs/w

44、ants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading.4当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。 1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句； 2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。例：People believe that he is an honest boy. 可改为可改为 .It is believed that he is an honest boy. .He is believed to be an honest boy.5含有双宾语的主动句的转换 例：

45、I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 可改为可改为 .The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me). . Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).Exercise:一、单项选择 1-5 D C D B C 6-10 C D C C D11-15 D B C A A 16-20 B B D B C1. Stamps _by people for sending letters. A. use B. is using C. used D. are used.2

46、. The PRC _on October 1,1949. A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded 3. Must old people _to politely? A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken4. A big power station_ in my home town now.A. has been built B. is being built C. has built D. is building5. A talk on Chinese history _in

47、the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give6. So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited7. The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumpB. jumps C. jumpedD. to jump8. Do you like the material? Yes, i

48、t _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt9. He said he liked these English songs because they_ many times on the radio.A.was taught B. had taughtC. had been taught D. have been taught10. There were so much noise when I went to work yesterday afternoon, because the machine _.A.was test

49、ed B. will be testedC. is being testedD. was being tested11. -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead A. must B. would C. should D. might12. I was really anxious about you, you _home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. needn

50、t leave 13. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_.A. might B. will C. canD. should14. - Must I start at once? - No, you_.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont15. One ought for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 16. The