2022年高中英语动词不定式和动名词 .pdf

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1、1 动词不定式和动名词一、动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo；其否定形式是not todo。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1作主语可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe (1)但在英语中，常用it 作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：Its wrong to play tricks on other peopl

2、e Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在 It is adj （形容词） to do sth或 It is n （名词） to do sth句型中， it 仅作形式主语。(2)如果要表示不定式动作的执行者，就在It + be + 形容词 +to do sth 该句型中的不定式之前加for sb 或 of sb。在形容词 hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dang

3、erous, safe等之后常用 for sb，即构成句型： It + be + 形容词 +for sb to do sth。e.g. It s not easy for us to learn a foreign language well. It s dangerous for you to swim in the river. 该句型中的形容词修饰的是不定式，强调的是做某事怎么样。在形容词 nice, kind, clever, foolish (愚蠢的 ), polite (有礼貌的 ), careless, careful 等之后，常用 of sb，即构成句型： It + be +

4、形容词 +of sb + to do sth e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. It was wrong of them to cut the trees. 该句型中的形容词主要修饰人，表示某人的性质或特征，强调的是这个人怎么样。(3)it 作形式主语时，其后的谓语也可以是实义动词。e.g. It took us five hours to get there. It made me happy to find my friends there. (4)动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which 等构成不定式短语，

5、也可作主语。e.g. How to use the computer is the question. Where to go has not been decided. 注意：主语，表语都为动词不定式时，不能用形式主语it 代替不定式。 e.g. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。2 作宾语 a want， decide ， agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。 如 We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer 等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律

6、：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 提示板：like doing 指经常性动作，而 like to do 指一次性的动作。如：I like swimming ， but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。cstop，forget，remember ，go on ，try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动

7、词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板： 1）stop to do sth ：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sth ：停止正在做的事。例句： When the teacher came in ， the students stopped talking ； when he came out ， the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2）思考： forget，remember，go on，try 等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d在 findfeelitadjto do sth

8、句型中，it 是形式宾语， 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。3作宾语补足语atell，ask，want，order，teach ，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如I tell him not to go there b

9、y bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write blet，make，have，see ，hear，feel，watch， notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to 要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the ne

10、xt room 4作定语：放在被修饰的名词、 代词后面例句： I have a lot of work to do.The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词， 切记不要忘掉介词。 如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with ？5表语：放在连系动词 be后面例句：His wish is to beco

11、me a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6作状语 a目的状语：放在 go，come，use，live，in order 等词后面。如 I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因状语：放在 sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited 等词后面。如 I am glad to see you here

12、I am sorry to trouble youc作结果状语。如： Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 7与 what，who，whose，when，where， how 等疑问词连用， 作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。 如： I dont know w

13、hat to do next （宾语） He taught us how to use the computer （宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there （主语）二、动名词的用法动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1.作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. Seeing is believing. Smoking may cause

14、cancer. Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. Swimming develops the muscles. 动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示。例如： Its nice talking with you. Its no use arguing with him. It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. There

15、 is no joking about such matters. There is no harm in doing so. 2、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“ 用于的”或表示 “ 处于某件事情中的 ” 含义。例如： swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器running water 自来水developing countries 发展中国家working people 劳动人民sleeping child 熟

16、睡孩子当分词短语做后置定语时， 可以转换成定语从句。例： She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to th

17、e park. 3、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“ 某件事” 等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“ 某件事 ”(与不定式短语的意义相近 )，而现在分词表语表示 “ 具有某个作用 ” 。例如： The situation is very m

18、uch encouraging. （现在分词） His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式）4、作宾语 。如： He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -

19、- - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 admit， appreciate ，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape ，excuse ，face，feel， like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep ，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest ，cant help（情不自禁）， cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾

20、语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember ，stop，try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。） I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那

21、里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。） Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在 allow，advise，forbid，permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We don t allow smoking here

22、. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词 need，require，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做， 这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语 devote to ，look forward to，stick to，to be used to ，object to，thank

23、you for，excuse me for ，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in) ，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there s no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在 love，hate，prefer，like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。star

24、t，begin，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和 begin 在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start 或 begin 以-ing 形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在 should(would) like/love 等后须用不定式。5、 动名词作状语动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪

25、衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间) Being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因) Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. ( 让步) My car was caught in a t

26、raffic jam, thus causing the delay. ( 结果 ) Traveling 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 by train, we visited a number of cities. ( 方式) Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. ( 伴随) 小结一后面可跟动词的ing 形式的情况1.动词： fi

27、nish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice doing sth. 练习做某事； imagine doing,想象做某事； avoid doing sth.避免做某事； consider doing sth. 考虑做某事； suggest doing sth. 建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth. 持续做某事2.固定短语：feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事； be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事；spend tim

28、e (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴3.介词后 (on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by 等) 如：be good at doing sth. ； thank you for doing sth.； give up doing sth.； stop sb. from doing sth. ；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing s

29、th.；be interested in doing sth. ；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to 作介词的情况look forward to doing sth 期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比较更喜欢；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事； make a contribution to 为做贡献二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况1.动词： agree to do同意去做； afford to do 买得起； decid

30、e to do决定去做某事； hope to do希望去做； wish to do 希望去做； fail to do 做某事失败去； plan to do 打算去做； pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做； would like to do 想要去做； want to do想要去做某事； learn to do 学做； prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事； sb. seem to do sth 好像做某事； want/would like to do sth. 想做； used to do sth. 过去常做某事2.句型.allow sb. t

31、o do sth. 允许某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do sth. 对做感到兴奋be frightened to do s

32、th. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth. 准备做某事be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇cant wait to do st h. 迫不名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth.

33、得到一个做某事的机会It s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样It s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）It s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的It s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了too (for sb.) to 太以致不能=not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.

34、 宁愿而不愿 something to eat/drink 一些吃 /喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难 /容易take turns to do sth. 轮流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事try/do ones best to do sth. 尽力去做某事三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近

35、的动词有些动词接 doing 和 to do 意义相近像 like(喜欢)， love(喜欢)， hate(憎恨)， prefer(宁可)， begin(开始)， start(开始)， continue(继续)。 如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大： 如： like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作它们在实际使用中区别很小。2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：remember to do(记住去做 ) remember doing(记得做过 ) forget to do(忘记去做 ) forget doing(忘记做过 )try to do(设法

36、做 ) try doing(试着做 ) go on to do(接着做另一事 ) go on doing(继续做同一事 ) stop to do(停下来去做 ) stop doing(停止做 ) cant help to do(不能帮助做 ) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 四、后跟不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）的情况。1在感官动词和使役动词后feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see ， notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to 应加上。 在动

37、词 help 后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带 to。2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must 等后面接不带 to 的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please （not） ？请（不要）做某事好吗？ 2）had better最好做某事 3）Why not？为何不做某事名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页

38、- - - - - - - - - 7 4) would rather(not).宁可(不)；宁愿 (不)此句型也可以扩展成： would rather.than.=would.rather than. 。5）在祈使语气 (或口语 )中。五既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing 形式的情况。see,watch,hear 等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做过 (经常做）某事see/watch sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做过（经常做）某事hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -