2022年高二英语UnitInventions知识点总复习教案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Section I 高二英语 Unit18 Inventions 学问点总复习教案课前预备、听力、口语1. Never throw away or wash chopsticks again. 千万不要扔掉再洗这些筷子；p.57 A throw threw,thrown 1 投,抛,扔 He threw the ball 20 metres. 他把球投出 20 米；2 摔倒 The policeman threw the thief to the ground. 警察把小偷摔倒在地面上；3 发射,射 China has throw a

2、 satellite into space recent- ly. 中国最近向太空发射了一枚卫星；辨析： throw.to sb. 与 throw . at sb. throw sth. to sb. 指“ 把某物扔向某人” ,其目的在于“ 传递” for sb. to catch 介词 to 纯粹表示行为的方向,其动机是善意的；throw sth. at sb. 指“ 把某物打向某人” ,其目的在于“ 打” = try to hit sb.；介词 at 表示动作在于妄想攻击的目标,其动机是恶意的；如： He threw the ball at me. = try to hit me 他扔球打

3、我； He threw the ball to me. = for me to catch 他把球传给了我= He threw me the ball. 辨析： throw 与 cast throw 是一般用词,使用频率高,它指用力抛掷这一行为；cast 比 throw 正式,指快速扔出一重量较轻的物体；常常用作比如或无意识行为,在某些成语及特别用语中须用cast ,如 cast a net “ 撒网” ； cast a vote “ 投票” ； cast anchor“ 抛锚” 等等； 如：Will you move, please. Youre casting throwing a sha

4、dow on my book. 你走开点好吗 .你的影子正好投射在我的书上； He quickly threw the ball into the basket. 他快速地将球投入篮里；The dice is cast. 事已定局；拓展： throw oneself into 积极从事 ; throw away 扔掉 ; throw about 乱丢；乱扔 东西 ; throw back 扔回; throw at 朝 扔,向 砸去 ; throw off 匆忙脱掉throw.to. 把 传给 ；把 摔倒 ; throw out 扔出；逐出 ; throw aside 扔在一旁; throw u

5、p 呕吐2. Save trees and have a snack at the same time 挽救了树木并且同时成为小吃；p. 57 A save 1 vt. 救、挽救 The brave soldier saved a child from a burning house. 那英勇的战士从着火的房子里救出了一个孩子；Only socialism can save China. 只有社会主义才能救中国；辨析： save 与 rescue: save 与 rescue 两者都有“ 营救” 之意；但 save 侧重于“ 保全” 之意,而 rescue 就侧重于“ 从囚禁中救出” 之意；如

6、：In order to save the country, many gentlemen laid down their lives. 很多志士仁人为国捐躯了；They rescued him from prison. 他们营救他出狱；2 节约；储蓄 Dont spend all your money, save some of it for future use. 别把钱全部花光,储蓄一点儿以备将来之用；3. You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again. 你再也不必担心自行车会被偷走了；p.57 D wo

7、rry 1 vi.“ 发愁,焦急,焦虑” Mother always worried when the girls stayed out late. 女孩们要是很晚仍不回家,母亲总是很担忧；2 vt.“ 使麻烦；使发愁；使焦急” Dont worry her, She is busy. 别去麻烦她,她很忙； Theres only one point that worries me. 只有一点使我发愁；3 n. “ 苦恼” 不行数；“ 使人发愁的事 人 ；烦心的事” 可数 ,且常用复数； This worry is enough to drive one mad. 这苦恼足以令人发狂；He h

8、as many worries. 他有很多的苦恼的事情；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全辨析 : worry 与 trouble: trouble的含义宽广,事无巨细都可用它,且含有肯定的慌张意味；worry 担忧” “ 发愁” ,它指没有依据的,常常是不必要的担忧担心的心情；如：Uneasiness troubled her heart. 她感到心神不定；Im troubled by the doctors report. 医生的诊断结果令我焦急；Dont worry, tomorrow will b

9、e better. 别担忧,明天会更好；Were all worried about you. 我们都在为你担忧；拓展： worry sb. 使某人苦恼 焦急 ；worry about sb. 为某人而担忧；worry through 艰苦进行4. This new invention will make it possible for people to. 这项新创造将使人们做成为可能； p. 58 Useful expressions makes it possible. 1 此处 it 为形式宾语,本身为先行代词,它既可作形式宾语,又可用作形式主语,代替句中的真正主语或宾语,即从句、动名

10、词、不定式等；I think it a pity that he cant swim. 我认为他不能游泳是件令人遗憾的事；It is important for us to master English. 把握英语对我们来说是重要的；It is no use telling him that. 告知他那件事是没有用的；2 it 作形式宾语时,其前的动词有：think, find, consider, believe, suppose, feel, make等,而 if 后常跟形容词或名词；He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮忙别人是他的职责；We

11、make it clear to the world that well never behave like a superpower. 我们向全世界说明我们永久不做超级大国；I consider it a great honour to be present at the meeting. 我觉得能出席这个会议很荣幸；He found it necessary to study the situation in Russia. 他发觉争论俄罗斯的形势是必要的；I believe it helpful to use such a dictionary. 我信任使用这样的一本词典是有帮忙的；I

12、suppose it possible to finish such a join in three days. 我想三天之内完成这样一件工作是有可能的；5. Decide which of the inventions you think is the most useful and. 打算你认为哪一种创造是最有用的；p. 58. Patent Officer decide 打算 , 决心；使下决心 , 使决断；对 . 起了打算作用；解决 , 裁决 , 判决1 跟名词或代词 I ve got to decide our whole future. 我得打算我们的整个将来；We must de

13、cide that ourselves. 这得由我们自己打算；2 跟不定式 不行跟动名词 They decided to move to Wuchang immediately. 他们打算立刻搬到武昌去；He decided to do his homework. 他打算做他的家庭作业；3 跟疑问词 + 不定式 We must decide what to do with them. 我们必需打算拿他们怎么办；She hasnt decided when to start. 何时动身她仍没有打算；She hasnt decided when to start. 何时动身她仍没有打算；4 跟从句

14、 Lets first decide where we should go. 我们先打算到什么地方去；Only you can decide whats best for you. 只有你才能打算什么对你最合适；辨析： decide; determine; resolve; make up ones mind 都有“ 打算” 的意思；decide 指“ 经过询问、研讨和考虑之后 , 在几种可能的挑选之中作出打算”, 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她打算星期日而不是星期一离开这里；determine 指“ 决心

15、作某一件事而不动摇”, 如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 我们已经打算要提前完成这项工作；resolve 指“ 打定想法做某事或不做某事”, 如: I resolve to study English. 我打算学英语；make up ones mind 指“ 打定想法” “ 下了决心” ；其主语必需是人,不行是物,而且不行用于被动语态；如 any longer. 他打算不再在那里呆下去了；: He made up his mind not to stay there 拓展： decide for doin

16、g sth. 打算做某事 ; decide in favour of sth. 作出有利 的决定或判决 ; decide on upon 打算,挑选 多指从两个或多个可能性中挑选; decide between从两者中挑选、打算；名师归纳总结 联想： decided adj. 明确的,坚决的；deciding adj. 起打算作用的；decision n. 打算,第 2 页,共 10 页决心 同义词 determine；make up ones mind - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Section II 阅读6. How do they

17、 come up with ideas for new inventions. 他们怎么提出新创造的想法的 . p. 59. Pre-Reading 3 / p. 59 Reading 第一段其次行 比较：说明 3 come up with 意为“ 提出” “ 想出” ；如： The teacher asked a difficult question,but finally Tom came up with a good answer. 老师提出了一个难题,但汤姆最终想出了一个好答案； The magazine recently came up with some advice on smo

18、king. 那本杂志最近就吸烟问题提出了一些忠告； I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我期望你能想出一个比这个更好些的方案来； Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the worlds food supply.新方法； You have no choice but to come up with the 那一万八千英镑来；科学家们必需找出增加全世界食品供应的 18000. 你别无挑选,必需拿出【注】 come up 也有“ 被提出来”

19、 之意,但主语一般是表示问题、建议、方案等的名词；如： The program came up for final decision.这一方案被提出来以便作最终打算； These problems will come up for discussion at the meeting. We solved problems as soon as they came up. 这些问题会在会议中提出来争论；问题一显现我们就解决；【注】 come up with 仍有“ 赶上” 之意；如： Lets hurry up so that we may come up with them. 咱们快些走,好赶

20、上他们； We shall have to work hard to come up with the other team. 我们得努力干才能赶上另一队的进度； the corner. 她在拐弯时,我追上了她； I came up with her as she was rounding 【注】 come up with可引申为“ 拿出” “ 供应 一笔钱 ” 之意；如： The rich man came up with a large sun of money to those poor students who cant afford their tuition.那个有钱人拿出一大笔钱

21、来给那些因贫困而交不起学费的同学；7. Throughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world. 纵观历史,为大的思想家们用他们的制造力和想象力转变了世界 p. 59 Reading 第一段 第一行 throughout 1 prep. 遍及 We have friends throughout the world. 我们的伴侣遍天下；Schools were opened throughout the country. 全国中学校都开学了；2 prep.

22、 在整个 一段时期 Throughout the summer and autumn he continued to go to the office work. 整个夏秋季节他都连续在办公室上班；3 adv. 整个地,全部地 The timber was rotten throughout. 这块木料已经整个儿地腐烂了；4 adv. 始终地,从头到尾Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳固；The house is painted throughout. 这所房子全部油漆一新；8. How do they come up with ideas for

23、 new inventions. 他们那些新创造的思想是怎么来的呢 . p. 59 Reading 第一段其次行 come up with 1 赶上 We shall have to work hard to come up with them. 我们要努力工作,赶上他们；2 提出,供应 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我期望你们能提出比这个更好的方案；拓展 ：come up 走近,长出 ; come up against with 发表,出版遭到 ; come up to 达到,符合 ; come out 9. Thi

24、nkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common. 转变了世界的思想家们好像并没有很多共同之处；p. 59. 第一段 第三行 in common 意为“ 共用” “ 共有” “ 共同” ,后接介词with 时,意为“ 和 一样” ；如：名师归纳总结 The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town. 这个游泳池第 3 页,共 10 页供镇上的孩子共同使用； They have nothing in common with o

25、ne another. 他们相互之间- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全没有共同点； In common with many people, he prefers classic music to pop. 和很多人一样,他喜爱古典音乐,不喜爱流行音乐； He believed,in common with the majority, that it was tree. 他与大多数人一样, 认为这是真的； In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is res

26、tr- icted. 和大多数的意大利湖一样,进入奥塔湖滨受到限制； To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger. 令我惊奇的是,我发觉我与那生疏人有很多相像之处； He had little in common with his little sister.他与他的小妹妹没有多少共同之处； Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相像之处；【注】留意 out of the common意思是“ 异乎平常的”“ 不平常的” ；如：It is something o

27、ut of the common. 这是异乎平常的东西；10. It seems that creative thinking, , is a matter of habits. 人们好像觉得制造性是关于习惯的问题；p. 59 Reading 第一段倒数其次行 比较： U.17 p.51 The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors and offering guidance. 帮忙残疾人的最好方法就是开门供应引导的问题；a matter of 关于 的问题1 a matter of 的问题, matter 意为“

28、 事情” “ 问题” ；This is a matter of principle. 这是一个原就性问题；Its not a matter of laughing. 这可不是开玩笑的事情；2 the matter 麻烦事 Whats the matter with you. Why are you crying. 发生了什么事,干吗哭呢 . 拓展 ：a matter of opinion 看法不同的问题；a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情； as a matter of fact 事实上,其实；no matter what how,when,where,who

29、 ；无论什么 怎样,何时,哪里,谁 ；for that matter for the matter of that 就此而言；Whats the matter with. 怎么了 . / 出了什么毛病 .；in the matter of. 就 而论； It doesnt matter. 没关系11. Knowledge a nd learning are important if we want to be successful,假如我们想要胜利,学问和学习都是很重要的 p. 59 Reading 其次段第一行 knowledge 1 n. 学问,熟识 Knowledge is power,

30、学问就是力气；2 n. 知道,明白 He has no knowledge of life in the small village. 他对那个小村子的生活不明白；She has a good knowledge of London. 她对伦敦特别熟识；I have no knowledge of his arrival. 我不知道他来了；辨析： knowledge 与 learning knowledge 泛指一个人通过观看、调查、学习争论而获得的事实或真知灼见,它不仅包含通过正规训练获得的学问,而且包括日常生活中的阅历；learning 常指“ 通过长期的、细致的学习而获得系统的学问,这种

31、学问往往不是肤浅的,而广博的、深奥的” ；该词也可指全部学识和聪明的总和,或者科学学问,但更多用于语言、文学、历史、法律等人文学科；This dusty knowledge needs brushing up after the passage of years. 多年以后,这种原先学过的学问需温习一下；They have no direct knowledge of conditions in the East. 他们对东方的情形缺乏直接明白；He is a man of learning. 他是个学问渊博的人；12. what we have learnt may also limit o

32、ur thinking. 我们已经学到手的东西也可能限制我们的思维；p. 59 Reading 其次段其次行 limit 1 vt. 限 制 We must limit our spending. 我 们 必 须 限 制 开 销 ； She limited her conversation to ten minutes. 她将说 话时间限制为 10 分钟；2 n. 限制、限度、极限 She has reached the limit of her patience. 她的耐性已经达到了极限； There is a limit to ones life, but no limit to serv

33、ing the people. 人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的；名师归纳总结 拓展： to the limit 到顶点； limited company 有限公司； a limited number of. 有限的第 4 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全几个； be limited in. 在 方面受限；within limits 在肯定范畴内；without limit 无限地联想： limit vt. 限制 limited adj. 有限的； limitation n. 限制,局限性； limitless 无限制

34、的13. Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and创造家常常会换一种说法来表述一个问题 p. 59 Reading 其次段第三行 *allow for 顾及,考虑到,体谅：We must allow for his youth. 我们必需体谅他年轻；He allowed for her great age and was very patient. 他考虑到她年纪大因而很耐心；拓展： allow of 答应 ； allow sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事：Such conduct

35、allows of no excuse. 这种行为不得宽怒；They allowed me to enter. 他们准许我进入；辨析 : allow 与 allow for allow 意为“ 答应” “ 准许” ；如： Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不答应抽烟； The government servants arent allowed to accept rewards. 公务员不得接受答谢； The children ale too young to be allowed out at night. 孩子们太小,夜间不能让他们出

36、去； allow for 意思是“ 估量到” “ 把 考虑在内” ；如： When he made the plan, he failed to allow for the unexpected. 他作方案时没有把意外情形考虑进去； He missed the target because the wind hadnt been allowed for. 由于没有考虑到风的影响,他没有击中目标； You cant make it in an hour, you must allow for traffic delays. 你一个小时到不了,你必需考虑到在路上会遇到耽搁； We must all

37、ow for his lack of experience.我们必需考虑到他缺乏体会这一点； Allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand. 在答应有例外的情形下,这条规章仍是可以成立的；14. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. 假如我们只找正确答案,拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法,那么我们就可能被框住；p. 59 Reading 其次段第四行 reject 1

38、 vt. 拒绝；抵制；指不愿承认,采纳、信任或听从,不愿接受；They had rejected our request contemptuously. 他们蔑视地拒绝了我们的恳求；Several publishers rejected the manuscript. 几家出版商都拒绝了这份手稿；2 vt. 抛弃；丢掉；剔除 Under the guidance of the Party he has rejected the idealist view of history in favour of the materialist. 观,接受了唯物主义历史观；在党的教诲下,他已经抛弃唯心主义

39、历史辨析： refuse 与 reject：两者都有“ 拒绝” 之意；refuse 不仅可用来拒绝别人的恳求和要求,而且仍可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮忙；其后能跟不定式；reject 不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮忙,其后不能跟不定式；He refused the invitation from John. 他拒绝了约翰的邀请；He refused to believe what I said. 他拒绝信任我说的话； provide 名师归纳总结 1 vt.供应；装备The government provided them with money and clothes. 政府向他们第 5 页,共 10

40、 页供应金钱和衣服；The country provides free medical service to college students. 国家为高校生供应了公费医疗；You must provide yourselves. 你们必需自备必需品；2 vi. provide for 供应生计；作预备 provide against预防 Who provides for her. 谁为她供应生活费. He provided for the entertainment of his guests. 他为款待客人作好了预备； They had to provide against a short

41、age of water. 他们不得不作好缺水的预备；They provided against the attack. 他们做好预备以防受攻击；辨析： afford ,provide与 supply: 三个词都有“ 供应” “ 供应” 之意；但在用法上有区分：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全afford作“ 向某人供应某物” 解时,它的句型是afford sb. sth. sth.常为抽象名词 Travel affords us pleasure. 旅行会给我们带来欢乐；He afforded me an opportunity. 他给我

42、供应了一次机会；provide 与 supply 用法相像,可以换用,某句型为：provide supply sb. with sth.; provide supply sth. to for sb.; The sun provides supplies light and heat for us. = The sun provides suppliesus with light and heat. stuck 太阳为我们供应光和热；get stuc k 意思是“ 被困住” “ 被卡住” “ 处于困境” ,此处 get 是连系动词,也可以用 be等其他的连系动词； 如： The bus was

43、 stuck in the mud.公共汽车陷在泥里了； The shuttle often got stuck, causing a lot of broken ends. 梭子常常卡住,造成大量断头； What shall we do. We seem to be stuck. 怎么办 .我们好像干不下去了； Have you got stuck over your maths problems. 你的数学题做不下去了吗. Im stuck now, there is no more material for the work. 我无法进行下去了,这工作缺少资料； bad weather.

44、 由于天气不好,我在那里待了一个星期； I Was stuck there for a week by the 15. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possi- bilities. 制造性思维是一种有意识的努力,即为了探究新的可能性而摆脱旧的思维模式； p.59 其次段倒数第一行 effort 作“ 努力” 说明时,后常跟不定式,如本句即是,请看以下例句； His effort to reform her at last succeeded. 他要改造