2022年高考英语阅读理解技巧运用分析.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语阅读懂得：五类细节事实题解题技巧尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势,但细节题仍旧占有较大比例,而且已由过去简洁的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的懂得才能,因此难度比往年有所增加；2022 高考英语阅读懂得解题技巧综观近几年来全国各地的高考英语试题,不难发觉 “ 阅读懂得”题在“ 稳中有变, 变中求新”中加重对考生实际才能的考察,因此, 考生在复习迎考中不仅要有扎实的语言基本功,仍要加强对解题技巧的训练；阅读懂得的正确作答,从整体上我们可以归纳为两大思路：第一, AQA

2、（A=Article,Q=Question ）,即先从整体去阅读文章,后看问题,接着依据文章去解答问题；对于这种解题思路多为考生在平常常用的练习方式,它可以帮忙考生精确把握文章的主旨大意及作者写文章的目的意图,因而对于解决综合推理判定的题目是非常好的方法,但这种方法却有其弊端：花费肯定的时间,阅读速度较慢；在考场上,时间对考生来说是极其珍贵的,因而在考试中很多考生较少采纳此种方法；其次, QA Q,即先把整个问题快速看一遍,然后带着问题在文章中找答案；此种方法最大的特点就是节约时间,而且针对性很强,假如问题是事实性的和细节性的,那精确率也是比较高的,但它的缺点就是在解决具有推理判定或是综合性的

3、问题时成效就不太明显了；所以考生应当敏捷应对,查找适合自己的解题技巧；法：为此,笔者总结归纳出如下几种方1直接法和排除法；所谓的直接法即为在文章中很简洁找到的答案,类似这样的题目大多设计在开头的小题目中,较为简洁； 排除法是依据你所阅读的印象,可以发觉这是虚假信息,在干扰你的思维,有的干扰项在文章中隐匿得很深,需要你加倍留意；2相像法和跳读法； 考生可以依据题干中所显现的相关的重要的某几个信息词或句式,在文章的某一处找到其相同或相像的词及句式,然后依据此处所供应的信息进行加工整合,最终提炼出精华, 实际上这一处理过程就包含了跳读法,考生不需要逐字逐行地去查找,根据题干的提示跳读找到相关的句子,

4、加以分析推敲,从而找到正确的答案；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3推测法和推敲法；在高考的试题当中常常会显现这样的题目,即让考生依据某一段话来推测某一生词或句子的意思,对此考生只能在某一出处细细品尝推敲上下文所包含的意 思,从而找到答案；4概括法和推理法；此种方法主要用来解决一组题目中的最终一二道综合题目,这类题目难度相对较大,需要考生具有肯定的解题才能,运用概括推理法的前提条件是认真阅读文章开头一段和最终的结尾,同时文章中每一段的第一句话；以上方法需要在平常多加训练,注意总结,真正变成自己的

5、解题法宝；一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文详细表达本身发问；一般包括直接懂得题 在原文中可直接找到答案,常用 who, what, when, where, why和 how等提问； 语义转化题 需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论、数字运算题、排列次序题、图表图画题等； 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础；这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen. Which of the following st

6、atements is not correct. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage. Which is the right order of the events given in the passage. All the statements are true except该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体； 所以, 搜查信息在阅读中特别重要, 它包括懂得作者在表达某事时使用的详细事实、数据、图表等细节信息；在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类环绕主体绽开的细节；做这类题一

7、般采纳寻读法,即先读题, 然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载二、解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分详细内容设置问题,正确答案的依据肯定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项；通常细节题的正确选项有以下特点：1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换；把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项；2、词性或者语态的变化；把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者转变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍

8、；3、语言简化；把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案；4、正话反说；把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 目 ； 适用于查找错误选项的题干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题,如不认真辨别, 很简洁把它当成正确选项；干扰项有以下特点：1、将原文内容扩大或缩小；把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,实际上却是错误选项；2、把未然当已然；转变文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情；3、无中生有；即选项内容是依据主观想象或估计得出的结论,而文中并未涉及；4、偷换概念；把原先做该事的“ 张三” 换成“ 李四” ,所述细节的确与原文一样,一不当心就会误选；5、

9、文不对题；这类题最不简洁辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一样,确属原文中的一个细节,这时要回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题；下面结合最新高考试题,对细节题的不同类型加以解读；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1、直接信息题对此类题型, 考生可以第一从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中快速查找这一细节,找到后再把这一部分内容认真阅读一遍,认真比较所给选项与文中细节的微小区分,在精确懂得细节的前提下,最终确定正确答案；【考例】2022 湖南卷, B 篇61. How l

10、ong does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone. A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 1.5 hours. D. 3 hours. 【解析】 A；直接信息题；快速查找题干中的关键词How long , charge up ,iPhone ,由第一段第一句 Just plug RichardSolo 1800 into your iPhone once or twice a day, for fifteen minutes, and keep your iPhone charged up. 可以得出答案为 A；

11、2022 陕西卷, B 篇46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _. A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala 【解析】 A；直接信息题；快速查找题干中的关键词the world of politics,在第三段其次句话找到相关信息：He joined the

12、 world of politics as news secretary for his congressman 国会议员 from Baltimore During Bill Clintons presidency 因此答案为 A；2、间接信息题做这类题目时,考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理,然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别,这是介于事实细节题和推理判定题之间的一种题型,对考生来说有肯定难度；【考例】名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2022 山东卷, A篇57. Which of the follo

13、wing is true of the Hatches. A. They had their children during the Great Depression. B. They left the family farm to live in an old house. C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors. D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs. 【解析】C；间接信息题； 第四段第一句话说Hatch 夫妇是在大萧条时期诞生的Children ,of the Grea

14、t Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.而不是他们在大萧条时期有了孩子,排除 A; 第三段提到他们的老房子位于他们家的农场里,B错误 ; 其次段提到他们帮忙有困难的邻居们,但未提及帮忙他们找工作,D项错误； C项说Hatch 夫妇把他们的钱全都赠给了他们的邻居们,符合文意；3、数字运算题数字运算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容,此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实,有的要经过详细的运算才能够得出正确的答案；详细的运算题可以是对岁月的运算、月份的运算或比例的运算等；文章中常常会显现很多数字,它们对解题产生肯

15、定的影响；解答此类试题的方法是先来懂得文章的大意,然后经过对比、 分析、 运算等就能够得出正确的答 案；【考例】2022 福建卷, B 篇61. The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to _. A. 60 B. 300 C. 900 D. 980 will have 【解析】 D；依据文章第一段可知,这种罚款可高达900 英镑 Foreign drivers to pay on-the-spot fines of up to 900

16、for breaking the traffic law to be carried 名师归纳总结 out next month.,再依据其次段If they do not have enough cash or a working credit 第 5 页,共 18 页card, their vehicles will be clamped扣留 until they pay and they will face an - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - additional fee of 学习必备欢迎下载可知此题选D,即当场不能80 for getti

17、ng back their vehicles.交罚款的外国司机罚款的费用是900+ 80=980 英镑；4、排列次序题这种试题要求考生依据大事发生的先后次序和句子之间的规律关系,找出大事发生的正确次序；做这种题时可采纳“ 首尾定位法” ,即最先找出第一个大事和最终一个大事,快速缩小挑选范畴,从而快速选出正确答案；【考例】2022 湖北卷, D篇64. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project. A. Assessment Prototype Design Construction. B. Assessment De

18、sign Prototype Construction. C. Design Assessment Prototype Construction. D. Design Prototype Assessment Construction. 【解析】 D；请看文章其次段：Gerner manages school facilities设施 for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2022, 143,000 additional students will enter the already

19、 crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes样品 ; they plan to construct their schools starting in 2022. The copy district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners

20、will those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings. 依据其次段的描述,工程的实施应依据“ 设计供应样品评估建设” 的程序；其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求；2022 福建卷, A 篇59. What s the right order of the events related to Tanni. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载a. She works as a coach. b. She took up athletics. c. She won fou

21、r gold medals in Barcelona. d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games. e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon. A. b, d, c, e, a B. a, d, b, c, e C. a, d, c, e, b D. b, d, a, e, c 【解析】 A；排列次序题；此题要求判定各个大事的先后次序；观看文章的 26 段,注意几个表示时间的词 组 ：1984, 1988,1992,in the same year ,20

22、07,可帮忙考生快速找到答案；5、图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读懂得中,有的图表图画显现在阅读懂得文章中,有的显现在选项中,这些图片的显现增加了试题的直观性,同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息；在解答此类试题的时候, 肯定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息,特殊是有些事实是通过图片来表达的,我们可以采纳按图查找正确答案的方法；【考例】2022 安徽卷, D篇71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2022, _. A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points B. th

23、e percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【解析】 D；请看原文

24、中的柱形图：由柱形图可以清晰地看出,拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加,其他三项表述都与图表不符,故D项正确；2007 江苏卷, C篇65. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _. 【解析】 A；所给的四幅图画分别代表了“ 住宿” 、“ 交通” 、“ 游玩” 和“ 餐饮” ；依据文章中 “ All Fee s Included. No Hidden Cost. ” 可知这次游玩的费用都包含在“ Package Fee” 里面,没有其它暗含的费用；但是由于这是一个总共5.7 小时的游玩,下午乘飞机返回仍不耽搁吃晚饭和看日落in time for

25、dinner and sunset可知是不需要住宿的,因此“ 住宿” 的费用不包含在整个费用之内；巩固练习：1 Most people who enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want to enjoy a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using fi

26、lm. Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not use traditional film. It captures images on videotape. The images recorded on videotape are the placed in a computer. George Lucas says that using digital cameras permits him to have much more control over the final product. For

27、 example, the image can be changed after it is placed in a computer. An expert can change color, add or take out objects, add people or beings who are not real. Much of what is seen in the new movie Star Wars is not real. Huge buildings, spacecraft and alien beings from other worlds were produced in

28、 a computer. Movie experts say digital technology is the real future of the motion picture industry. A theater will no longer have to wait days or weeks to show a new movie. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Theaters will 学习必备欢迎下载computers. Or they be able to receive copies of

29、 new movies by linking will use small computer disks to get a copy of the movie. When the new movie Star Wars was released last month, only 94 theaters around the world had the digital equipment needed to show it. So Mr. Lucas company produced about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie on tradition

30、al film for release in most theaters. However, most people who have seen the movie say these film copies are of much better quality than other filmed movies. Critics say the new digital technology is very costly. Many theater owners will not buy the new technology, yet many of the people who worked

31、on the new movie Star Wars say they would not like to work with film again. They said using digital equipment was faster, and videotape is much less costly than film. One cameraman said the director of a movie can immediately see what was just recorded, something impossible to do with film. 1. Accor

32、ding to George Lucas, what makes the best made movies possible. A. A good story. B. Film. C. Digital cameras. D. Videotape. 2. Which is NOT true for the real future of the motion picture industry, according to movie experts. A. Linking computers for copies of new movies. B. Showing filmed movies in

33、theaters. C. Using small computer disks to get a copy of the movie. D. Having the digital equipment needed to show the movie. 3. According to the passage, which is true about the new movie Star Wars. A. There are about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie. B. It has been shown in only 94 theaters a

34、round the world. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载C. It is the best among filmed movies. D. It is the product of the new digital technology. 4. Which of the following is NOT the advantages of the new digital movie. A. The director can have the objects and people adde

35、d or taken out. B. It will be more convenient for theaters to get such kind of new movies. C. People all agree that the new digital movies are less costly than the filmed movies. D. The director can monitor the recording and check what was recorded just now. 2 As the US wakes up to Chinas rising sta

36、tus as an economic and strategic competitor, US parents are urging their children to learn Chinese, reports Julian Borger. The US is being swept by a rush to learn Mandarin from wealthy New York mothers hiring Chinese nannies保姆 for their small children to a defence department education project in Or

37、egon. The forces driving Mandarin s momentum势头 are parental ambition for children facing a future in which China is almost certain to be a major player, and the government is worried about that America may get left behind in that new world. The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. Mandarin instruct

38、ors are difficult to import and difficult to train. There are visa problems in bringing over teachers from China but the biggest barrier is cultural. Teaching in Asia is generally done by rote and the change to western, interactive styles of instruction can be a large leap. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10

39、页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载On the other hand, it requires enormous firmness for westerners to learn a language like Chinese, with its thousands of written characters. According to the Asia Society in New York, all of America s teacher-training institutions turn out only a couple of do

40、zen homegrown Mandarin teachers. One way to ease the shortage is to find native Mandarin speakers and use fast-track methods to train them. However, the majority of Chinese-Americans grew up speaking Cantonese, the dialect spoken in Hong Kong, where their parents came from. Many are themselves signi

41、ng on as Mandarin students at the private language schools springing up on the west coast. 1. Why are US parents so eager to make their children learn Mandarin. A. They are urged by the government to do so. B. They are afraid to be left behind by other parents. C. They believe China will play a majo

42、r role in the future world. D. They are just carried away by Mandarins momentum. 2. The underlined word “ rote ” in the 4th paragraph probably refers to a teaching pattern which . A. focuses on memory work B. allows the students to think independently C. is centered on interactive skills D. puts muc

43、h emphasis on examinations 3. What is the main problem in the Mandarins momentum in the US. A. The lack of qualified teachers. B. The cultural barrier between the east and west. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载C. The Americans lack of firmness. D. The many written C

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