2022年高考英语句法复习专题-定语从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定 语 从 句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词,关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as ,关系副词有 when, where, why ；一、关系词的基本用法关 系 代 词关 系 副 词who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 whom 指人,在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物,在从句中作定语 that 指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 as 指人、物,在从句中作主语、

2、宾语或表语 when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语 why 指缘由,在从句中作缘由状语（ 1）The man whom /who/that my mother saw in the street is my teacher. （ 2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting. （ 3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south. （ 4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English

3、 teacher. （ 5）I have never heard such stories as he tells. （ 6）I ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army. （ 7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked. （ 8）Tell me the reason why you came late. 二、必需用“that ” 引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词 all,little, few, much, anything , ever

4、ything, none, nothing, no one, some 等时；He did everything that he could to help us. 2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时；The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice. 3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；This is the most

5、 interesting film that I ve ever seen. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4、当先行时前有学习必备欢迎下载such 或 the same修饰时,先行词和关系代词指同一物时；She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday. 5、先行词既有人又有物时,Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 6、当主句是以 who

6、 或 which 开头时的特别疑问句时,Who is the boy that won the gold medal. 7、在同一个句子里,如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用了which , 另一个宜用that. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时；（只限于限制性定语从句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be. 9、当先行词是集体名词时,多用 that,He wants t

7、o join the team that won the game. 10、that 在有些句型中可作为关系副词,且可省略；I don t like the way that he talks to me. 三、只用 which 不用 that 时情形1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking. 2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置；This is the house in which Lu Xun lived. 3、先行词本身是 that 时： Whats that which flashed in

8、the sky just now. 4、先行词后有插入语时,Here is the English grammar book which, as I ve told you, will help improve your English. 5、which 用作表语,指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人；He is an engineer, which I am not ；关系代 as：在限制性定语从句中用在 such, the same, as, so之后, as引导的定语从句常采纳省略形式；I have the same book as you（ have）. Take

9、as many as you want. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 四、关系代词的省略情形1、关系代在从句中作宾语时；This is such a book as was given to me. Have you received the book that I sent you last week. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、关系代词在从句中作表语时；Mary is no longer the girl that she

10、used to be. 3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而这个介词又在句末时；This is the artist whom I spoke to you about. 留意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略；五、 介词 +关系代词在这种结构中,关系代词如是表示人的意义,就只能用whom ；关系代词如是表示事物的意义,就只能用which ；而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的挑选问题,由于这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A ）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配,等等；总之,要依从句的详细需要而定；例如：A ）动词与介词的搭配He

11、 has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify. for 使 具有 资格 ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作；The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.（ talk to + 名词 与某人谈话 ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议；He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 名词 + rent at +

12、 表示价格的词 某物以某价格出租 ）他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商；B）名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which theyve been lived for 15 years . 他们现在仍住在他们已住了 15 年的那个小房子里；（ in the house 在屋子里 ）Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale. by a method 通过某种方法 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法；

13、She didnt realize the extent to which she had been distracted. （ to extend 到某种程度 ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度；C）形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . happy with 对 表示中意 老板对其不中意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇；Ive found the job for which Ive been eager for a long time. He

14、is a learned man with whom we are familiar . familiar with 熟识 他是一位我们熟识的有学识的人；六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分（ eager for 希望得到 ） 我已找到了我希望已久的那份工作； 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用；假如没有它,主句的意思就不完整,这种定语从句和主句的关系特别亲密,不行用逗号隔开,在口语 中前后没有停顿；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He is the man whose father d

15、ied last week. That is the reason why I didn t open the door. 非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不特别亲密,只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用,省略后也不影响全句的意思,非限制性定语从句可以修饰 名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句,它和主句之间常用逗号隔开,朗读时前后有停顿；I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago. His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow. 七、 as 引导非限制性定

16、语从句与 which 的区分1、用于非限制性定语从句时,可以指代整个主句的内容,as 和 which 可以换用；He left her, as/ which was strange. 2、as 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句可置于句首,句中和句尾；As everyone knows, Tom is good at English. The earth, as we know, moves round the sun. 3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时,常用 as 作主语；as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ ex

17、pected/ disused 等；As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. 4、as引导非限制性定语从句,有“ 正如” 的含义,因此,以下句式中多用 as: as has been said above as anybody can see as we had expected as it appears Things are not always as they appear. 5、which 引导非限制定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句只能置于句尾；The decision was postponed, which was exactly

18、what he wanted. 6、which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后,可在句中或句尾；The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting. 7、which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句的谓语带有宾语,有的仍带宾语补足语；After that things improved, which astonished me. Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change. 8、

19、which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句意思可与主句相反,即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词；He can write a letter in English, which I cannot. He was married again, which was unexpected. 八、定语从句运用中的留意点名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1、 （ 1）是用 the one 仍是用 that , which, where. （ 3）Is this the school _ you

20、 study in. （ 5）Is this school _ is a senior one. （2）Is this school _ you study in. （4）Is this the school _ you study. A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / which the one 在从句中作什么成分,如作状遇到这类句子,先将其变成确定句,再看主句是否缺少表语；如缺表语,就必需用the one 的形式,接着再看语,就必需用the one where,如作主语或宾语时,就用the

21、 one that/ which 2、是用 when 仍是用 that, which （ 1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. A. that/ which B. when （2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army. 当先行词是表示时间的名词时,作时间状语时,用when, 如作主语或宾语时,就用that/ which. 3、定语从句与强调结构的区分（ 1）It was in this house _ he was born. （2） It was this house _ he was born. （ 3）It wa

22、s in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there 判定是否是强调结构的方法是去掉 it is /was that, 如整个句子结构和意义不受影响,就为强调结构,否就为定语从句；4、定语从句与其他从句的区分（ 1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区分是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词,有就是定语从句,试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop wher

23、e / at which I met you. （ 2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区分是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句；如连接词在句中不作成分时,就为结果状语 从句；试比较：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. （ 3）定语从句与同位语从句的区分主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,不作成分而只是表示前面名词的详细内容的就是 同位语从句；试比较：The news that he had been back

24、surprised us all. The mews that he told us surprised us all. 5、way 后面的定语从句（用 that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way that/ in which you did the job. Consolidation: 一、用适当的关系代词填空：1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _ was exactly the amount I needed. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -

25、- - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2. The proposal _ we have to export more goods is to be discussed at the meeting. 3. Bungee jumping is a sport _ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce. 4. _ was expected, their team failed in the competition

26、 because of insufficient preparations. 5. The waterfalls, the largest of _ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water. 6. _ there is no fire, there is no smoke. 7. The question _ we ll put off the meeting remains to be discussed. 8. I ve just fin

27、ished reading a poem _ meaning is completely beyond me. 9. Compared to _ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public. 10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with _ to assist more poor children back to school. 二、将以下句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句；1. China

28、 is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital. China is a developing country, _. 2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police. The thief, _., was arrested by the police. 3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound. _, light travels fas

29、ter than sound. 4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year. There are lots of birds _. 5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be. The Hope School has been set up _. 6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away. That is such a heavy stone _. 三、定语从句

30、易混点对比专练1. The man _ she married last year was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. whose The man _ she was married was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who 2. The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten. A. / B. on which C. when D. in which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共

31、 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载The day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten. A. that B. when C. which D. / 3. Is this the factory _ you visited last week A. where B. which C. to which D. in which Is this factory _ you visited last week A. that B which C in which D. the one 4. The h

32、ouse _ window faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. that C. whose D. of which The house _ faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. whose C. who D. where 5. She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt agree. A. that B. which C. / D. to which She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept. A. / B.

33、for which C. to which D .of which 6. The invention _ she spent 2 years will do well to the world. A. which B. / C. on which D. when The invention _ took her 2 years will do well to the world. A. which B. / C. on which D. it 7. The English subject, _ I do well, is important in middle schools. A. whic

34、h B. that C. in which D. at which The English subject, _ I have mastered well, is important in middle school. A. / B. at which C. that D. in which 8. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. with which D. whose Tom,_ bicycle I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. A.

35、whom B. who C. whose D. on whose 9. The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years. A. where B. which C. in which D. to which The place _ you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be. A. where B. which C. that D. to which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选

36、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载10. She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S. A. that B. where C. which D. in which She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself. A. where B. that C. which D./ 11. The story happened on a day _ the weather was wet and cold. A. when B. which C. in w

37、hich D. on when The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold. A. then B. on which C. which D./ 12. The sun heats the earth,_ we all know. A. that B. which C. as D. where The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops. A. which B. that C. as D. where 13. Tom,_ we had expected, got the 1s

38、t place in the competition 竞赛 . A. as B. which C. whom D. who Tom,_ we had expected to help us, didnt even show his face . A. as B. whom C. that D. which 四、定语从句精选练习 50 题 1. Such things of _ you are not sure should be discussed again. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visit

39、ed the other day. A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday. A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago. A. that B. where C. which D. the one t be found.5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _

40、couldnA. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed 第 8 页,共 13 页C. that you have o

41、bserved D. how that you have observed 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are alm

42、ost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ wer

43、e in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _an English song in the next room is Tom s sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who

44、learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _. A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day. A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked abou