2022年高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神高考英语阅读 :主旨大意题的解题技巧一、主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和懂得中心思想的才能,亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力；这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题 title, headline 、短文或段落的主题 subject 、中心思想 main idea 、作者的写作目的 道理 等；这类题的设问方式主要有：purpose 或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一1The subject of the passage/paragraph is _. 2The main idea of the pass

2、age/paragraph is _. 3The text is mainly about _. 4The passage mainly centers on _. 5The passage mainly tells about _. 6What is the subject discussed in the text. 7What is the main idea of this passage. 8What is the passage mainly about. 9What does the second paragraph mainly discuss. 10What is the m

3、ain point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph. 11Which of the following is the best title for the passage. 12Which title best gives the idea of the passage. 13What would be the best title for the text. 14What might be the most suitable title for the passage. 15The best headlines for t

4、his newspaper article would be_ 16The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about _. 17The writers purpose in writing this story is _. 18What is the authors main purpose. 19What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage. 20The writer wrote the story in order

5、 to_. 21What is the advice given in the text / passage / article. 二、查找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是精确地找出文章的主题句；一般来说, 一篇文章经常会环围着一个中心思想或一个主要话题绽开,而这个话题又经常通过一个能比较全面地掩盖或 概括文章意思的句子,即所谓的“ 主题句” 来表达；那么,主题句通常在哪里呢？1主题 句在文首； 2主题句在文中；3主题句在文末；4主题句以首尾呼应的形式显现在文首和 文末；1. 主题句在文首 这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用,概括了文章的主要内容或 信息,下文接着对主题句

6、所涉及的话题进行详细的阐述；如：全国高考题 A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung 阶梯 out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest 竞赛 on Tuesday evening

7、. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable. said a teacher from Guangdong provin

8、ce. Named after Chinas most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission国家教委 as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind. This news story is mainly about _. A. when t

9、he contest started B. how the contest got its name C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest 【分析】这是一篇报道,文章的第一段只有两句话：“ 20 个同学 2 女 18 男有充分的理由为自己感到骄傲, 由于他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖,是 4 百万参赛同学中的佼佼者” ,下文接着对竞赛的有关情形进行报道,因此,第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句

10、；A、B、C 分别只包含了报道的部分信息,明显不合题意；D 选项与主题句的意思完全一样,因此是正确答案；2. 主题句在文中 这类文章写法上的特点是：开头部分是引题,接着是点题,最终是对主题进行表达,主题句经常起着承上启下的作用；如：全国高考题 Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter bel

11、ow the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped. There are two types of fat: external fat fat under the skin and internal fat fat inside the body wall. Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples hav

12、e more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting 节食 simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At

13、the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat. The text is mainly about _. A. fatness and health B. ways to lose weigh D. distribution of fat C. peoples figures 【分析】 该文的第一段交代了脂肪在体内的分布状况；其次段交代了脂肪的种类及不同种类 的脂肪与健康之间的关系；第三段讲的是减肥应当减掉哪一类脂肪以及节食存在的问题；很 明显,其次段,特殊是其次段的其次句,起

14、着承上启下的作用,是该文的主题句；A 选项符 合主题句的意思,应当是正确答案；B 选项与文章的意思无关；可以排除；C、D 选项分别 只与文章的部分信息有关,也可以排除；3. 主题句在文末这种写法的特点是：在表达完某件事情或某个话题之后,用一句话交代事情的结果或对前面的表达进行归纳；如：广东高考题 In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷

15、下笔如有神the explorers 探险者 landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon peopleexpressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner sp

16、ace. H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. How ever, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously th

17、inking about it. Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The Chunnel, a tunnel 隧道 connecting England and France, is now complete. But what about underground cities

18、. Japans Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called Alice Cities. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome 太阳能 穹顶 would cover the whole city. Supporters of underground dev

19、elopment say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells moon people would agree. Would you. What would be the best title for the text. A. Alice Citiescities of the future B

20、. Space travel with H.G. Wells C. Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up 【分析】文章以月球人的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space. 引起话题,接着讲叙了人类目前对地下空间的利用现状,结尾以地下空间开发的支持者的话点题building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space；A 选项只是本

21、文话题的部分意思,不是主要话题；B 选项与文章的意思无关；文章主要是讲地下空间的开发利用,而不是讲如何享受地下生活,因此 C 选项与文章的主题也无关；D 选项符合文章的主要内容,与主题句的意思一样,因此,是该题的正确答案；4. 主题句以首尾呼应的形式显现在文首和文末这种写法的特点是：文章一开头就点题,接着举例,最终回来主题；如：全国高考 题 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career, h

22、e said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. I was great

23、ly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,

24、共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted Bring me the knife. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever. The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,Shu said. The best headline for

25、 this newspaper article is _. A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arms C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor 【分析】 文章的第一段就两句话,第一句点题,其次交代了 Shu Pulong 成为蛇医的缘由；第二、第三段举例说明 Shu Pulong 如何明白到农夫被蛇咬的情形；第四段回来主题,强调是由于其次、第三段中所交代的事例促使 Shu Pulong 决心成为蛇医；题目的 A 选项与文章中的信息无关； B、C 两个选项只涉及到文章所举的例子的某个方面；然段,即主题句,的信息,因此是正

26、确答案；5. 文章中没有明显的主题句D 选项能涵盖首位两个自有的文章没有明显的主题句,假如在阅读这类文章的时候遇到判定文章的主题、话题、 中心 思想之类的题目,我们的留意力主要放在两个方面：1. 文章的主要内容；2. 选项之间的区 别；也就是说能涵盖文章的全部或主要内容的选项才是正确答案；如：全国高考题 James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teache

27、r asked the youth his name. J.C., he replied. She thought he had said Jesse, and he had a new name. Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education. As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935

28、, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later. A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused

29、 to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book. The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic congratulate any o

30、f the African-American winners. 体育的 but also political. Hitler did not It was all right with me, he said years later. I didnt go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway. Having returned from Berlin. He received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not ho

31、nored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神Owens Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, mo

32、torcycles, and dogs. Sure, it bothered 烦扰 me, he said later. But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat. In time, however, his gold medals 奖牌 changed his life. They have kept me alive over the years, he once said. Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard. Which of the follow

33、ing is a suitable title for the text. A. Jesse Owens, a Great American Athlete B. Golden Moment a Life-time Struggle C. Making a Living as a Sportsman D. How to Be a Successful Athlete. 【分析】这篇文章简明扼要地介绍了奥林匹克金牌得主,美国黑人运动员 James Cleveland Owens 辉煌而又坎坷的人生,但文章侧重介绍的是他人生的坎坷,而不是他人生的辉煌；B选项侧重的是他人生的辉煌,而不是他人生的坎坷

34、,不能涵盖文章的主要意思,因而不合题意； C、D 选项与文章的内容无关,也不合题意；James Cleveland Owens 在获得奥林匹克金牌后虽然没有立刻得到美国社会的重视,但获得金牌奠定了他作为一名宏大的运动员在美国田径运动史上的重要位置却是不争的事实,A 选项既表达了文章的这一主要意思,也能涵盖他人生辉煌及坎坷的不同侧面,比较全面地反映了文章的主要内容,因而符合题意, 是正确答案；以上从五个方面介绍了判定文章主题的主要方法,但要真正把握并娴熟运用这些方法也不是能一蹴而就的事情,仍需要在大量的阅读实践中不断摸索,总结,得出自己的体会；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页