Unit 4 Exploring literature 知识点讲义-2021-2022学年高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第二册.docx
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1、单词短语1. appeal to(对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣;(向某人)呼吁(1)appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事例句Wemade an appeal tothe villagersformoney to build the bridge.我们向村民呼吁捐钱建桥。The Prime Ministerappea
2、led toyoung peopletouse their votes.首相呼吁年轻人使用他们的选票。The Students Union makes anappeal tous studentstodo housework in our spare time.学生会呼吁我们学生在业余时间做家务。We shouldappeal topeopletosave the things that the nature offers us.我们应该呼吁人们去拯救大自然提供给我们的东西。2. determinevt.&vi. 确定,决定,支配;决心(1)determine to do sth. 决定做某事
3、(表示动作)(2)determined adj. 坚决的,坚定的be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)(3)determination n. 决心with determination 坚决地,果断地例句From hisdeterminedlook, we can know his confidence.从他坚定的眼神中,我们可以看出他的自信。There were many diving spots in the area and Larrywas determined tovisit all of them.这一地区有很多潜水点,拉里决定把它们都参观一遍。He
4、determined togo home after work at once.他决定下班后马上回家。The work needs long patience anddetermination.这项工作需要长时间的耐心和决心。3. significantadj. 有重要意义的,显著的(1)It is significant that . 很明显(2)significance n. 意义,意思,重要性be of significance to. 对有重要意义attach significance to. 认为重要(to为介词)例句In my view, practicing handwritin
5、gis of great significance tothe students growth.在我看来,练习写字对学生的成长有很大的意义。As time goes by, Iattach more great significance todoing what I am doing now.随着时间的流逝,我更加重视我现在正在做的事情。The new drug has greatsignificancefor the treatment of the disease.这种新药对治疗这种疾病有重大意义。I thinkit was significant thathe never knew hi
6、s own father.我认为重要的是他从不认识自己的父亲。4. sensitiveadj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的(1)be sensitive to. 对敏感be sensitive about. 神经过敏的,易生气的(2)sensible adj. 明智的,意识到的be sensible of 意识到,认识到例句I think thats a verysensibleidea.我认为这是一个非常明智的想法。Hes verysensitive abouthis weight.他对自己的体重很敏感。Iam sensible ofthe fact that mathematics
7、 is not a popular subject.我意识到数学不是一门受欢迎的学科。Sheis very sensitive toother peoples feelings.她对别人的感情很敏感。5. reflectvi.思考 vt. 映射;反射;反映;思考(1)reflect .in . 在中映出be reflected in 倒映在;反映在reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事(2)reflection n. 反射;反照;反映;映像;沉思on reflection 再三考虑例句English writing is thereflectionof students
8、English level.英语写作是学生英语水平的反映。She could see her facereflected inthe cars windshield.她能看到汽车挡风玻璃上映出自己的脸。At first I thought it was a bad idea, buton reflectionI realized she was right.起初我认为这是个坏主意,但仔细一想,我意识到她是对的。Reflecting onher volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she had achieved.回想起她的志愿者经历,蒂娜
9、为她所取得的成就感到自豪。6. capableadj. 有能力的,有才能的,能力强的(1)be capable of. 有能力(2)capability n. 才能,能力;容量例句Age affects the range of a personscapabilities.年龄影响一个人的能力范围。Hes quitecapable oflying to get out of trouble.他很会说谎以摆脱困境。Im perfectlycapable ofdoing it myself, thank you.我完全有能力自己做这件事,谢谢。Theyhave the capability tod
10、estroy the enemy in days rather than weeks.他们有能力在几天内而不是几周内摧毁敌人。7. containvt. 包含;容纳;容忍;克制(强烈的感情等)contain oneself 克制自己;自制container n. 容器例句The little girl could hardlycontain herselffor joy when she opened the parcel.小女孩打开包裹时高兴得几乎控制不住自己。Be careful of informationcontainedin advertisements.小心广告中所含的信息。The
11、 bookcontainsa lot of pictures taken during my childhood.这本书里有很多我童年时拍的照片。She bought a bag large enough tocontainthe books.她买了一个大得足以装下这些书的书包。重点句式1. A child and a manwere walking on the beach whenthe child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散步时,孩子突然发现了一个贝壳,并拿起放在耳边。be doing .when .“(某人)正
12、在做这时(突然)”,when 为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and at this/that time。be about to do.when. 正要做这时(突然)be on the point of doing .when . 正要做这时(突然)had just done .when . 刚做完这时(突然)例句Iwas about to give up whenmy best friend encouraged me to go on.我正准备放弃,我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。Shewas on the point of opening the window whensomeone kn
13、ocked at the door.她正要开窗,这时有人敲门。Ihad just finished my exam paper whenthe bell rang.铃响的时候我刚做完试卷。Theywere playing happily on the playground whenit began to rain.他们正在操场上玩得很开心,突然下起雨来。2.Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments每本书的背
14、后都是人,人的背后是民族,民族的背后是自然和社会环境。此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语,主语是名词而不是代词,且谓语动词是be,stand,sit,lie,live,come等时,为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密,常使用完全倒装结构。(1)表示地点的介词短语/表示时间、地点的副词/形容词/分词系动词主语(2)表示方位、时间、地点的副词(out, in, up, away, here, there, between等)实义动词主语例句Between you and your dreamsstandsa lot of hard work.在你和你的梦想之间有许多艰苦的工作。P
15、resent at the evening partywereour teachers yesterday.昨天出席晚会的是我们的老师。John opened the door. Therestooda girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门,站在那里的是一个他以前从未见过的女孩。On the back wallhangsan old painting.后面的墙上挂着一幅古画。3. In a word, we have now reached a pointwhere we wish to enjoy and understand literature.总之,我
16、们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。where we wish to enjoy and understand literature是定语从句,修饰先行词point。当point作先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,用关系副词where引导定语从句。当先行词是stage, point, case, situation, position, job, business, scene等表示抽象地点的名词,并且定语从句缺少状语时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。例句He gets into a situationwhereit is hard to decide what is right an
17、d wrong.他陷入了一种难辨是非的境地。She wants a jobwhereher management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能充分发挥她管理技能的工作。After graduation she reached a stagein whichshe needed to decide what to do.毕业后,她到了需要决定做什么的阶段。Can you think of a casein whichthe word is properly used?你能想出一个正确使用这个词的例子吗?单词短语1. particularadj. 特别的
18、,格外的;特指的,挑剔的(1)in particular 尤其,特别be particular about/over. 对挑剔,讲究(2)particularly adv. 特别是,格外,异乎寻常地例句The boy likes anything to do with naturein particular.这男孩特别喜欢与自然有关的事情。We areparticularlygrateful to him for his timely help.我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。Mary is going on a diet, so sheisveryparticular about/overfood
19、.玛丽正在节食,所以她对食物很讲究。2. featuren.&vt. 特色,特征;以为特色,是的特征feature sb./sth. (as sb./sth.) 以为特色;由主演;以为主要组成feature in sth. 起重要作用;占重要地位例句This restaurant is alwaysfeaturingexcellent cooking.这家餐馆一向以出色的厨艺为特色。Her eyes is one of her most strikingfeatures.她的眼睛是她五官中最引人注目的一个。Roundtheclock servicefeaturesthis store.24小时
20、服务是这家商店的特色。Jonfeatured inone of the shows most thrilling episodes(插曲,片段).乔恩出演了该剧最惊险的一集。Grammar情态动词基本概念情态动词作为谓语的一部分,无人称和数的变化(have to除外);一般不能单独使用,要与谓语动词构成完整谓语,但在省略回答时,可单独使用。情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),ought to等。1. can(could)(1)表示能力,can表示现在
21、的能力,could主要指过去的能力。You can tell the significance of climate change to us.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。注意can表示能力的时候,还可以用be able to代替,can用于一般现在时,could用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力,但不一定做了;而be able to表示不但具备这样的能力,而且经过努力做了。Can you come to the party tomorrow?明天你能来参加聚会吗?He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the
22、riverbank when the boat sank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。(2)表示请求许可。当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用can,而不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can./No, Im afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。(3)表示推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时,常用“can/could
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