2022年高考英语语法精讲精练-动词和动词短语.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 新课标高三其次轮专题讲解动词是英语中最敏捷、最难把握的词, 在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大;设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在详细语境中对动词及其短语意义的懂得和运用才能;主 要显现在单项挑选及完形填空中;依据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类(一)实义动词 1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作或状态,在句中独立做谓 语;及物动词后须跟宾语;不及物动词不跟宾语;例: What did you think of her speech. She _for one hour but didnt _ much. A. spo
2、ke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say 留意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可 以是不及物动词;It is important for you to learn how to learn. 第一个 learn 是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn ;其次个 learn 是不及物动词;不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词;He is working hard at English. 2.按时限分实义动词又分成连续性动词和非连续性动词(短暂性动词)等;连续性动词动作
3、可以连续,可以与一段时间连用; 如:live, study, work, stay, keep, have名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 42 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非连续性动词 (短暂性动词) 动作瞬时完成, 不能与一段时间连用;如:finish, come, open, bring, buy 等;例: The evening news comes on at seven o clock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts 【解析】 答
4、案为 D;依据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes ”先排除“finish”为瞬时动词; keep“ 保留,储存”;continue 意为“ 连续”; last 意为“ 持续,连续” ,依据题意“ 晚间新闻每天 7:00 开头,连续 30 分钟;” 可知,正确选项为 D;(二)连系动词连系动词可以细分为以下几类1.表示“ 是” 的 be 动词,依据主语有各种形式;2.表示“ 感觉” 的连系动词;如:look, feel, smell, taste, sound 等;3.表示“ 变得、变成” 的连系动词;如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, c
5、ome 等;4.表示“ 结果” 的连系动词;如 turn out, prove 等;5.表示“ 仍旧” 的连系动词;如remain, stand, stay, keep 等;6.表示“ 似乎、似乎” 的连系动词;如 seem, appear, look 等;留意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分 请看以下这道挑选题:good, the food has been sold out. ,否就就会出错;A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste A 或【解析】答案为C;此题考生假如把taste 当成实义动词去懂得的话
6、,就会误选(三)助动词B;其实 taste在本句中是连系动词,应当选 C 才对 =Because the food tastes good, 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语;用来表示否定,疑问,时态等语法形式;助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语),常见的有: beam, is, are, was, were,dodoes, did, havehas/had, will, would, shall, should 等;(四)情态动词本身有肯定意义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语;没有人称和数的变化,常用来表示说话人的语气和情态; 常见的有 cancould, maymight, must, shall
7、 should, will, would, ought to, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 42 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - dare, need等等;留意:以上四类动词都有交叉的地方;如“词;“ be” 既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词;态动词;do, have” 既可以作实义动词又可以作助动“ dare, need” 既可以作实义动词又可以作情1.动词 +副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉;(及物)Harry turned
8、 up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后, 人们都已离去, 哈里显现了;(不及物)留意:假如宾语较长,就应防止把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 假如宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间;She gave them away.她把它们送掉了;她关掉了全部仍在亮着的灯; 同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异;break out 爆发break up 打碎;分解break down 出毛病;抛锚;分解;崩溃Dont be so discourage
9、d. If you such feelings, you will do better next time. A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away 【解析】 答案为 D;carry on 意为“ 开展、 进行” ;get back 意为“ 取回, 拿回”;break down 意为“ 分解、崩溃”;put away 除了有“ 把 收起、放好” 的意思外仍有“ 储存、抛弃、舍弃” 的意思;句意:别那么垂头丧气的;假如你抛弃这种心情(而振作起来),下次你就会做得更好;I was still sleeping when the fire
10、_,and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out【解析】答案为 A;break out 意为“ 发生” 符合题意;put out 意为“ 扑灭” ;come out意为“ 出版、显现、出来”; get out 意为“ (拿)出来”;句意:火灾发生时,我仍在睡觉,然后火势很快扩散开来;2.动词 +介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 42 页精选学习资料 - - - - -
11、- - - - 留意:当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面;同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异;look after 照管, look at 看, look for 查找Once a decision has been made,all of us should _A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to 【解析】答案为B;stick to 意为“ 坚守(规章、诺言等)”It s the present situation in poor areas that _much higher spending on education
12、and training. A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for 【解析】答案为 C;call for 意为“ 要求”;answer for 意为“ 负责”;provide for 意为“ 供养,为 做好预备”;plan for 意为“ 为 作方案 /准备” ;3.动词 +副词 /名词 /反身代词 +介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我希望不久就见到你;I don t _rock n roll. It s much too noisy for my
13、taste. A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for 【解析】答案为 D ;go in for 意为“ 喜爱” ;go after 意为“ 追求”;go away with 意为“ 随身带走”;go into 意为“ 从事、参与”;Why do we have to _Joans selfish behavior. She should learn to care for others. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up with 【解析】答案为
14、C;keep up with 意为“ 跟着、跟上”;catch up with 意为“ 赶上” ;put up with 意为“ 忍耐”;come up with 意为“ 想出、提出”;You can t imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【解析】 答案为 D;考查“ have difficulty in doing sth. ” 短语的变式运用; “difficulty ”在句中充当了先行词,其后为定语从句;She devoted her
15、self _ the problems of the teenagers. A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying 名师归纳总结 【解析】答案为D;devote oneself to意为“ 用心,致力于,献身”;“ to” 为介词第 4 页,共 42 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 附录:近几年高考重点考查的动词短语1.以 a 开头的动词为中心的词组 adapt to/adjust to 适应 agree about对 有相同的看法;agree on 就 达成协议;agree
16、 to 同意,赞成(观点,看法等);/ 一样;agree with 同意某人看法(接 sb.);与 相适应 appeal to 向 呼吁,恳求;诉诸;求助于 appeal to 吸引 apply for 申请;恳求 apply to 适用于;向 申请 或要求 attach to 将 系在 ;使隶属 attach importance to 关注,留意 attach to 粘贴/ 附属于 ,将 缚在 be admitted to/into 获准进入 ,被 录用 be absorbed in 埋头于 ,用心于 be accustomed to=get used to=be used to习惯于 b
17、e addicted to 沉迷于 /沉溺于 ,沉迷 2.以 break 为中心的词组 break away from 脱离,逃离,打破 break down vt. 破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱 break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into(后面要接宾语)闯入;强行进入break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止 break out 爆发,发生;预备使用;起锚break up vt.开垦,破裂;解散,分解;break through 突破,克服,挤过去 3.以 build 为中心的词组vi.终止;断绝关系, (婚姻关系)破裂build on / upon 建立在
18、 上,依靠,希望名师归纳总结 build up增强,增加,增进;建成,振兴第 5 页,共 42 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.以 bring 为中心的词组 bring about 导致,引起,促使 bring back 带回,使回忆,使复原 bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产 bring up 抚养,哺育,培育,使停止 5.以 call 为中心的词组 call at 拜访(某地) ,停靠在 care about 关怀,在乎 call for 需要,要求,接(某人),call in
19、召集,收集,请入,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on 拜望(某人),号召 call out 大声喊,唤起 call up 打电话给 ;召集 ; 使想起 6.以 come 为中心的词组 come about 发生;转变方向 come across 偶然遇到;想起;越过;偿付 come back 回来;复原;复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come into being 发生,产生,显现,形成 come into power 开头执政,当权,当选 come into effect/ force 开头生效,开头实行 come into existence 形成,
20、产生,开头存在 come into fashion 开头流行 come into operation 开头运转,实施,生效 come into use 开头使用,获得应用 come on 快点;振作起来;请;来吧;跟着来;快点 ; come out 显现;出版 come out with 说出,提出名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 42 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - come over 从远方 或克服障碍后 过来 ;顺便来访 come to 清醒 ,复原 ,共计 ,达到 ,归结于 ,慢慢,说到 /提及到 come to an agreement 达成
21、协议 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 作出打算 come to an end 终止,终止 come to a stop 终止,停止,停顿,come to an understanding 取得谅解 when it comes to 就 而论,谈到come to know/realize/understand 开头明白到 /意识到 /明白 come to life 清醒,栩栩如生 come to light 明朗化,显现,显露出来 come to oneself 清醒 come up with 跟上;想出;提出 7.以 get 为中心的词
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